Está en la página 1de 4

75$%$-2(1(63$&,26&21),1$'26

 )$&725(648(,1)/8<(1(1/26$&&,'(17(6


 /DVHJXULGDGXQSUREOHPDGHFRQGLFLRQHV

6L HQ XQD RUJDQL]DFLyQ R HQ HO KRJDU VROLFLWDPRV D VXV FRPSRQHQWHV TXH
HYDO~HQ HOQLYHO GH VHJXULGDG WHQGUHPRVFRPR UHVSXHVWD XQODUJR OLVWDGR
GHFRQGLFLRQHVLQVHJXUDV\QLQJ~QFRPSRUWDPLHQWRSHUPLVLYR/DJHVWLyQ
SUHYHQWLYD QRUPDOPHQWH GD pQIDVLV DO FRQWURO GH SHOLJURV GHO DPELHQWH
GHVFRQRFLHQGRTXHORVPD\RUHVSHOLJURVSDUDODVHJXULGDGVRQORVFUHDGRV
SRUODVSURSLDVSHUVRQDVFRQVXVFRPSRUWDPLHQWRVSHUPLVLYRV

(QFXHVWDV GH SHUFHSFLyQ UHDOL]DGDV D WUDEDMDGRUHV TXH VXIULHURQ
DFFLGHQWHV JUDYHV HQ HVSDFLRV FRQILQDGRV LQGLFDQ TXH OD PD\RUtD QR
FRQVLGHUDED SHOLJURVR HO WUDEDMR UHDOL]DGR \ TXH ORV DFFLGHQWHV KDEtDQ
RFXUULGRSRUGHVFXLGRRHTXLYRFDFLyQGHODVSHUVRQDV(VWDSHUFHSFLyQHV
FRKHUHQWH FRQ HO DQiOLVLV DQWHULRU TXH VyOR YH FRPR SHOLJURVR SDUD OD
FXOWXUDGHVHJXULGDGODVFRQGLFLRQHVSHOLJURVDVGHORVHVSDFLRVFRQILQDGRV
















1
 &RPSURPLVRLQVXILFLHQWHGHHMHFXWLYRVVXSHUYLVRUHV\WUDEDMDGRUHV

3DUD HQWHQGHUHO SUREOHPDGH ORV DFFLGHQWHV HVQHFHVDULR FODULILFDU TXHOD
VHJXULGDG HV XQ YDORU SHUVRQDO TXH VH GHEH LQFRUSRUDU D OD HVFDOD GH
YDORUHV SHUVRQDOHV GH FDGD XQR GH QRVRWURV SDUD TXH OR DSOLTXHPRV
GLDULDPHQWHHQFDGDWDUHDTXHUHDOL]DPRVHQWRGRVORViPELWRVGHQXHVWUR
TXHKDFHU

/D VHJXULGDG HV XQ YDORU SHUVRQDO SRUTXH TXLHQHV VRPRV ORV DIHFWDGRV \
TXLHQHV GHEHPRV DSOLFDUOD VRPRV QRVRWURV /DV SHUVRQDV WHQHPRV OD
IDFXOWDG QDWXUDOGHWRPDU QXHVWUDV GHFLVLRQHV GH VHJXULGDG \DSOLFDUODV D
WUDYpV GH QXHVWURV FRPSRUWDPLHQWRV GH VHJXULGDG (O SUREOHPD GH OD
VHJXULGDG VH JHQHUD FXDQGR HVWDV GHFLVLRQHV VRQ HTXLYRFDGDV \ VH
WUDGXFHQHQFRPSRUWDPLHQWRVSHUPLVLYRV

(Q QXHVWUR SDtV HVWH YDORU QR OR WHQHPRV VXILFLHQWHPHQWH GHVDUUROODGR OR
TXH VH PDQLILHVWD HQ QXHVWUR GLDULR YLYLU HQ OD HVFDVD DWHQFLyQ TXH OH
GDPRV DO WHPD GH QXHVWUD VHJXULGDG \ FRQ UHVXOWDGRV UHDOPHQWH
SUHRFXSDQWHV(QXQDxRPiVGHQLxRVVHTXHPDQHQVXVFDVDVDO
FXLGDGRGHVXVSDGUHVPHQRUHVGHDxRVIDOOHFHQHQVXVFDVDV 
SHUVRQDV IDOOHFHQ GLDULDPHQWH HQ DFFLGHQWHV GH WUiQVLWR 
DFFLGHQWHVFRQPXHUWRVDQXDOHVSRUDFFLGHQWHVGHOWUDEDMRDGHPiVGH
LQFHQGLRVH[SORVLRQHVGHUUDPHVSHOLJURVRV

(VWH HVFDVR YDORU SHUVRQDO VH PDQLILHVWD HQ IRUPD SDUHFLGD D QLYHO GH
HMHFXWLYRV VXSHUYLVRUHV \ WUDEDMDGRUHV HV GHFLU FDGD XQR GH ORV
FRPSRQHQWHV GH HVWRV QLYHOHV OH RWRUJD SRFD DWHQFLyQ \ FRPSURPLVR
SHUVRQDODOWHPDGHODVHJXULGDG

2
 ,QIOXHQFLDGHOD&XOWXUDGH6HJXULGDG

(MHFXWLYRV VXSHUYLVRUHV \ WUDEDMDGRUHV GH XQD HPSUHVD FRPSDUWHQ XQ
PRGRGHYLGDRXQDIRUPDGHFRPSRUWDUVHFRQUHVSHFWRDODVHJXULGDGTXH
GHQRPLQDPRV &XOWXUD GH 6HJXULGDG FX\D FDUDFWHUtVWLFD SULQFLSDO HV OD
SHUPLVLYLGDG GH QXHVWURV FRPSRUWDPLHQWRV (O HMHFXWLYR VH SHUPLWH
DGHODQWDUHQFXUYDFRQVXIDPLOLD\RFDVLRQDUODPXHUWHGHWRGRVHOORVHO
VXSHUYLVRUWDPELpQVHSHUPLWHUHDOL]DUHVWDPDQLREUD\PDWDUDVXIDPLOLD
\HOWUDEDMDGRUWDPELpQVHSHUPLWHUHDOL]DUHVWHFRPSRUWDPLHQWRSHOLJURVR
6LDQDOL]DPRVORVDFFLGHQWHVGHOKRJDUYDPRVDFRQFOXLUTXHODPD\RUtDGH
ODV IDPLOLDV PDQLILHVWDQ FRPSRUWDPLHQWRV SHUPLVLYRV VLPLODUHV TXH VRQ OD
FDXVD GH ORV PLOHV GH DFFLGHQWHV TXH RFXUUHQ DQXDOPHQWH HQ QXHVWURV
KRJDUHV
(O SUREOHPD GH OD VHJXULGDG QR VyOR VH PDQLILHVWD HQ HO WUDEDMR HV XQ
SUREOHPD TXH DEDUFD WRGRV ORV iPELWRV GH QXHVWUR TXHKDFHU FRPR VRQ
KRJDUGHVFDQVRUHFUHDFLyQ\PRYLOL]DFLyQ

/D JHVWLyQ GH SUHYHQFLyQ GH ULHVJRV HQ ORV HVSDFLRV FRQILQDGRV GHEH VHU
HQWHQGLGD FRPR /DV GHFLVLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV TXH VH GHEHQ WRPDU \ ODV
DFFLRQHVTXHVHGHEHQUHDOL]DUSDUDFRQWURODUORVDFFLGHQWHVDOWUDEDMDUHQ
HVSDFLRVFRQILQDGRV(VWRVLJQLILFDUHFRQRFHUTXHHQWRGRVORVDFFLGHQWHV
KD\ GHFLVLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV LQIOXHQFLDGDV SRU OD FXOWXUD GH VHJXULGDG TXH
FRPSDUWLPRV 3RU HMHPSOR XQ WUDEDMDGRU VH SHUPLWH LQJUHVDU DO HVSDFLR
FRQILQDGRVLQDXWRUL]DFLyQGHHQWUDGD
1RVDWUHYHPRVDGHFLUTXHHQODPD\RUtDGHORVDFFLGHQWHVJUDYHV\IDWDOHV
HQ ORV HVSDFLRV FRQILQDGRV ODV SHUVRQDV WRPDURQ OD GHFLVLyQ LQFRUUHFWD
FRQRFLHQGR HO ULHVJR D TXH VH H[SRQtDQ \ VH FRPSRUWDURQ HQ IRUPD
SHUPLVLYD DVXPLHQGR HO FRVWR SHUVRQDO GH ORV ULHVJRV 6L HVWDV SHUVRQDV
FRQRFtDQ ORV ULHVJRV \ QR TXHUtDQ DFFLGHQWDUVH SRU TXp VXV
FRPSRUWDPLHQWRVVRQSHUPLVLYRV"

(VWR VH H[SOLFD SRUTXH tQWLPDPHQWH OD SHUFHSFLyQ TXH WHQHPRV GH ORV
DFFLGHQWHV HV TXH HVWRV VRQ DFRQWHFLPLHQWRV QHJDWLYRV TXH OH VXFHGHQ D
ORV GHPiV 1R SHQVDPRV \ QR QRV LPDJLQDPRV TXH ORV DFFLGHQWHV QRV
SXHGHQ RFXUULU D QRVRWURV R D QXHVWURV VHUHV TXHULGRV (VWD tQWLPD
SHUFHSFLyQ QRV SHUPLWH H[SOLFDU SRU TXp XQ SDGUH GH IDPLOLD DGHODQWD HQ
FXUYDH[SRQLHQGRODYLGD\ODGHVXVVHUHVTXHULGRV(OSUREOHPDQRUDGLFD
HQ TXH GHVFRQR]FD HO ULHVJR TXH HVWi FRUULHQGR HO SUREOHPD UDGLFD HQ HO

3
KHFKRTXHQRKDLQWHUQDOL]DGRTXHHODFFLGHQWHOHSXHGHVXFHGHUDpO(VWi
FRQFLHQWH GH TXH HVWi FRPHWLHQGR XQ HUURU SHUR HVWi LQFRQVFLHQWH GHO
ULHVJRTXHHVWiFRUULHQGRHVGHFLUQRWLHQHFRQFLHQFLDTXHHODFFLGHQWHOH
SXHGHVXFHGHUDpO


 5HSHWLFLyQGH$FWRV,QFRUUHFWRV

/D PD\RUtD GH ORV DFFLGHQWHV HQ ORV WUDEDMRV HQ HVSDFLRV FRQILQDGRV
RFXUUHQSRUODUHSHWLFLyQGHDFWRVLQFRUUHFWRVFRPRQRYHQWLODUHOHVSDFLR
FRQILQDGR R VROGDU HQ HVSDFLRV FRQ DWPyVIHUD LQIODPDEOH 'HEHPRV WHQHU
VLHPSUH SUHVHQWH TXH OD UHSHWLFLyQ GH ORV DFWRV LQFRUUHFWRV HV OR TXH QRV
OOHYDDODRFXUUHQFLDGHDFFLGHQWHV








También podría gustarte