A barometer indicates pressure

A pressure of one atmosphere = 14.7 psi

Above 65800 ft temperature increases by 0.303 deg /1000 ft up to 115000 ft
Above the tropopause, air pressure decreases exponentially
As air gets colder the service ceiling of an aircraft increases
As altitude, increases pressure decreases exponentially
As height increases with AOA and speed constant lift decreases
As the altitude, increases what happen to the ratio of nitrogen to oxygen stay the same
At high altitudes as altitude increases, pressure decreases exponentially
At sea, level ISA atmospheric pressure is 14.7PSI
Stratosphere commence approximately 3600ft
Tropopause is at 36000 ft
Density changes with altitude at a rate which changes with altitude
IAS at the point of stall vary with height? it is practically constant
If a pilot changes the altimeter setting from 30.11 in Hg to 29.96 in.Hg what will be the approx. change in indication?
altimeter will indicate 150 feet lower
If density is kept constant the dynamic pressure increases proportionally with the square of the velocity
If gauge pressure on a standard day at sea level is 25 PSI the absolute pressure is 39.7 PSI
If pressure is kept constant and temperature, increases the density decreases
If temperature in a gas is kept constant and pressure increases the density increases
In the ISA the Height of the tropopause is 11000 meters
In the ISA the sea level pressure is taken to be 1013.2 mb
in the ISA the temperature rate with altitude is taken to be linear
In which of the following conditions will air density be heighest? cold dry day at sea level
Isa standard sea level density is 1.225 kg/m3
Lapse rate usually refers to temperature
moisture in the air reduces air density
On a very hot day with ambient temperature higher than ISA the pressure altitude is 20,000 ft. how much will the
density altitude be greater than 20,000 ft
Charles law volume of a gas decreases proportionally with a decreases in temperature
Sequence: troposphere, tropopause, stratosphere
Sea level pressure is 29.92 inHg
Sea level temperature is 15 C
Sea level temperature is 59 F
Temperature above 36000 feet will remain constant
The amount of water vapor capacity in the air (humidity holding capacity of the air is) greater on a hotter day and lower
on a colder day
The atmospheric zone where the temperature remains constant is called the Stratosphere
The international standard atmosphere can be describes as the atmosphere which can be used worldwide to provide
comparable performance results
ISA is taken from 45 latitude
The local speed of sound at an altitude can be expressed by 20.05 x square root of temperature at that altitude in
kelvin
Millibar is a unit of barometric pressure
The oxygen content of the lower atmosphere is 21 % by volume
The speed of sound in the atmosphere changes with a change in temperature
The temperature lapse rate below the tropopause is 2 / 1000 ft
The temperature of the lower stratosphere remain constant
The temperature to which humid air must be cooled at constant pressure to become saturated is called dew point
The unit of density is Kg/Kl
The unit of the density of the air (I) and the force (II) are (I) KG/m3, (II) N
under international standard atmosphere conditions the temperature at 1500 ft should be approximately -15 C
under what condition is indicated altitude the same as true altitude at sea level in standard condition (ISA)
Viscosity of a gas is affected by changes in temperature
what approximate % of oxygen is in the atmosphere ? 21%
What are the standard temperature and pressure values for sea level?15 C and 29.92 inHg
What happens to the density of air as altitude is increased? decreases
What is absolute humidity? the actual amount of the water vapour in a mixture of air and water
what is sea level pressure 1013.2 mb
What is the absolute pressure if the guage pressure at ISA condition reads 15lb/in2 29.7lb/in2
What is the collective name of mesosphere, thermosphere and exposphere ionosphere
What is the lapse rate with regards to temperature?1.98 C / 1000 ft
What is the temperature in comparison to ISA conditions at 30,000 ft? -45 C
When the pressure is half of that at sea level what is the altitude? 18000 ft
Which condition is the actual amount of water vapours in a mixture of air and water? absolute humidity
Which has the greater density? air at low altitude
Which is the ratio of the water vapours actually present in the atmosphere to the amount that would be present if the
air were saturated at the prevailing temperature and pressure? relative humidity
Which of the following is corrent? absolute pressure = guage pressure + atmospheric pressure
Which statement concerning heat and or temperature is true? temp is a measure of kineticl energy of the molecules of
any substance
which will weight the leasr 35 parts of dry air and 65 parts of water vapours
with an increase in altitude under ISA condition the temp in the troposphere decrease
with increasing altitude pressure decreases and temp decreases but at a lower rate than pressure reduces
01. A SLUG is a unit of
a. mass

02. For a high lift aerofoil, camber reffers to

c. both upper and lower cambers

03. A body is placed in a certain airstream. The density of the air stream decreases to half of the original value the
aerodynamic drag will decrease with a factor of
c. 2

04. Airofoil after reaching mcrit becomes

b. more turbulent

05. A camber aerofoil with zero AOA will flight produce

a. some lift and some drag

06. A decrease in incidence towards the wing tip may be provided to

a. retain lateral control effectiveness at high AOA

07. A decrease in pressure over the upper surface of a wing or aerofoil is responsible for
c. approx 2/3 of lift obtained

08. A delta wing aircraft flying at the same speed (subsonic) and AOA as a swept wing aircraft of similar wing area will
produce
a. less lift

09. A delta wing has

a. a higher stall angle than a straight wing

10. A function of vortex generators in the transonic regime is to

b. reduce boundry layer seperation drag when shockwave form

11. A high aspect ratio wing

a. is stiffer than a low aspect ratio wing
c. has less induced drag than a low aspect ratio wing

12. A high aspect ratio wing

a. has long span and long chord
c. has a long span and short chord

13. A high aspect ratio wing has

c. increased induced drag

14. A high aspect ratio wing is a wing with

a. long span, short chord
15. A high aspect ratio will give
a. high profile and low induced drag

16. A laminar boundry layer is a layer in which

a. no velocity components exist normal to the surface
b. the temperature varies constantly

17. A laminar boundry layer is ----- and has ----- drag than a turbulent layer
c. thinner less

18. A laminar boundry layer will produce

c. less skin friction drag than a turbulent one

19. A line connecting the leading and trailing edge midway between the upper and lower surface of a aerofoil. This
definition is applicable for
b. the camber line

20. A oving mass of air possess kinetic energy as object placed in the path of such a moving mass of air will be subjected
to
b. static and dynamic pressure

21. A stoc kstall occurs at

a. small AOA
b. equally both small and large AOA

22. A straight rectangular wing with out any twist will

a. have less AOA at the tip
b. have greater AOA at the tip

23. A straight rectangular wing without any twist will

b. stall first at the root

24. A swept wing tends to stall first at the

a. tip

25. A wing developed 10,000 N of lift at 100 knots assuming the wing remains at the same AOA and remain at the same
altitude how much lift will it develop at 300 knots
a. 90,000 N

26. A wing fence

a. acts as a lift dumping device
c. reduce spanwise flow on a swept wing thus reducing induced drag

27. A wing has a span of 50 feet and an area of 200 sq ft it means chord would be
a. 7.5 ft
c. 4 ft

28. A wing section suitable for high speed would be

a. thin with little or no camber

29. A wing with a very high aspectratio (in comparison with a low aspect wing ) will have
c. lower stall speed

30. Aerodynamic forces and moments exterted on a body moving through a fluid stem from two sources
c. pressure distortion and shear stress distribution

31. aerofoil efficiency is defined by

a. lift over drag

32. Aeroplane drag in straight and level flight is lowest when

a. profile drag equals induced drag
b. induced drag is lowest

33. After the transition point between the laminar and turbulent boundry layer
a. the mean speed and friction drag increases

34. Airflow at subsonic speed is taken to be

b. incompressible

35. All the factors that effects the lift produced by an aerofoil are
b. AOA, Velocity, wing area,aerofoil shape, air density

36. All the lift can be said to act through the

b. center of pressure

37. An aeroplane wing is designed to produce lift resulting from relatively

c. + ve air pressure below the wing surface ad -ve air pressure above the wing surface

38. An aircraft flying in ground effect will produce

b. more lift than a similar aircraft outside of the ground effect

39. An aircraft flying straight and level if density halves aerodynamic drag will
a. decreases by a factor of two

40. An aircraft in a bank side slips

b. the keel surface moves the aircraft nose in the direction of the side slip

41. An aircraft in straight and level flight is subjected to

a. a load factor of 1
b. a load factor of

42. An aircraft is traveling at a speed of 720 nautical miles /hr to calculate speed in MPH you
c. multiply by 1.15

43. an aircraft pitches around the

b. lateral axis
44. an aircraft stall speed
b. increase with an increase in all up weight

45. An aircraft wing with an aspect ratio of 6:1 is proportional so that

b. the wing span is 6 times the mean chord

46. An aspect ratio of 8:1 would mean

c. span 64, mean chord 8

47. An aspect ratio of 8 means

a. the area id 8 time the span
c. the span is 8 times the mean chord

48. An engine which produces an efflux of high speed will be

a. less efficient

49. an increase in drag accompanied by a sudden loss in lift is known as

b. stall

50. An increase in the speed at which an aerofoil pass through the air increases lift because
a. the increased speed of the airflow creats a greater pressure differential between the upper and lower surfaces

51. an increase in the speed at which an aerofoil passes through the air increases lift because
b. the increased speed of air passing over the aerofoils upper surface decreases the pressure thus creating a greater
pressure difference between upper and lower surface

52. An under carriage leg in fligt produces 3 lbs of drag at 100Kts. If speed is increased to 20kts the drag would be
a. 12 LBs

53. An untapered straight wing will

b. stall at the root forst

54. As a general rule if the aerodynamic angle of incidence (AOA) of an aerofoil is slighlyincreased the centre of pressure
will
b. move forward towards the leading edge

55. As a smooth flow of aubsonic air at a velocity less than M0.4 flows through a divergent duct
c. static pressure increases and velocity decreases

56. As airflows over the upper cambered surface of an aerofoil what happenes to velocity and pressure?
c. velocity increases pressure decreases

57. As mach number increases what is the effect on boundry layer?

c. becomes more turbulent

58. As the AOA decreases what happens to the centre of pressure?

c. it moves rearward

59. As the AOA increases the stagnation point

c. moves towards the lower surface

60. As the AOA increases (up to the stall point), which of the following is correct?
b. both the pressure difference between top and bottom of the wing increases and the lift increases

61. As the AOA of a wing is increased in level flight

c. the C of P and transition point move forward

62. AS the AOA of a wing is increased the centre of pressure will reach its most forward position on the wing
c. just before the wing stalls

63. As the AOA of an airfoil increases the centre of pressure

c. moves forward

64. As the speed of an aircraft increases the profile drag

b. increases

65. aspect ratio is defiend as

c. span squared / wing area

66. Aspect ratio is given by the formula

c. span 2 / area

67. aspect ratio of a wing is defined as the ratio of the

c. wing span to the mean chord

68. Aspect ratio of a wing is defiend as the ratio of the

c. square of the wing span to the wing area

69. At a constant altitude the AOA as density decreases

a. increases

70. at a given CAS as aircraft flying below sea level will have
b. a lower TAS than at sea level

71. At low speed and high AOA the downwash

a. increases tailplane effectiveness

72. at low speed

a. increased wing downwash will increase tailplane effectiveness
73. At stall the wing tip stagnation point
b. moves towards the lower surfaceof the wing

74. At zero AOA a symmetrical wing section (viscous flow) will produce
b. zero lift and some profile drag

75. Bernoullis equation states that

a. the sum of static pressure and dynamic pressure = stagnation pressure

76. Bernoillies theorem states that in a perfect and constant airstream

a. the sum of static and dynamic pressure is constant

77. chambers wing selection give ------ max CL at relatively ---- AOA
c. high , low

78. compared to the cambered aerofoil, the zero lift AOA of a symmetrical airfoil is
b. high

79. compressibility effect is

b. the increase in total drag of an aerofoil in transonic flight due to the formation of shock waves

80. consider a uniform flow of air at velocity V in a stream tube. If the temperature of the air in the tube is raised
a. the mass flow remains constant and the velocity V will increase

81. consider an aerofoil with a certain camber and +ve AOA. At which location will the highest flow velocities occur?
c. upper side

82. Considering a +ve camber aerofoil the pitch moment when Cl=0 is
c. ve (pitch down)

83. differential ailerons will

b. equalise the total drag of both ailerons

84. Drag is the direction of and lift is perpendicular to the

b. relative wind / airflow

85. Due to adverse pressure gradient, airflow over the upper surface of the wing generally
b. flow towards the root

86. during a glide the following forces act on an aircraft

c. lift, drag, weight

87. During a turn

a. the down going wing stalls first

88. During invented level flight aircraft accelerometer shows

a. -1g
89. During straight and level flight an aircraft accelerometer shows
b. 1g

90. dynamic pressure = ?

c. half the density times true airspeed squared

91. Excluding constants the coefficient of induced drag CDi is the ratio of
a. CL2 and AR (aspect ratio)

92. Fairing are used to decrease

a. interference drag

93. Finess ratio of a wing can be changed

b. by changing its thickness

94. Flexure of a rearward swept wing will

a. decrease the lift and hence decrease the flexure

95. Flights at speed between 0 and 0.75 mach are called

c. cub sonic

96. For a cambered wing section the zero lift AOA will be
a. ve

97. For a given aerofoil producing lift where P=pressure, V=velocity

c. P1 is greater than P2 and V1 is less than V2

98. For a given AOA a swept wing will

b. have a lower lift coefficient than an equivalent straight one

99. For a given AOA induced drag is

b. greater on a low aspect ratio wing
100. for a given IAS an increase in altitude will result in
a. no change in the value of induced drag

101. for a given indicated air speed (IAS) a swept wing compared to a straight wing of the same wing area and same AOA
produces
b. less lift, improved lateral stability and less total drag

102. For any given speed and altitude a decrease in aircraft weight the induced drag will
b. decrease

103. For take off you trim the aircraft to its C of G aft limit during the flight
a. you have to retrim the aircraft for landing

104. Forward motion of a glider is provided by

v. the weight

105. Geometric washout means that

c. the tip of the wing has less AOA than root

106. Given 2 wing 1st wit ha spna of 12m and chord of 2 m, 2nd has a span of 6m and chord of 1m
How do their aspect ratio compare>?#
b. they are the same

107. Gliding angle is the angle between

b. ground and the glide path

108. Ground effect

b. is only effected up to 1 wingspan from the ground

109. Ground effect is most likely to result in which problem?

a. becoming airbone before reaching recommended takeoff speed

110. Helecopter rotor baldes create lift by

b. creates low pressure above the blades

111. how do vortex generator works

a. take energy from free stream and introduce into the boundry layer

112. how is the thickness of an aerofoil section measured?

c. as the % of chord

113. How will frost on the wing of an aeroplane affect takeoff performance?
c. frost will disrupt the smooth flow of air over the wing, adversely affecting its lifting capability

114. Ice formed on leading edge will cause aircraft to

c. stall at a higher speed

115. Ideally when an aircraft stalls it will

b. pitch nose down wing remain level and be preceded by buffeting

116. If aswept wing stalls at the tips 1st the aircraft will
a. pitch nose up

117. if an aeron is moved downward

b. the stalling angle of the wing is decreased
118. if an aircraft has a gross weight of 3000 KG and is then subjected to a total weight of 6000 Kg the load factor will be
b. 2 G

119. If an aircraft is pitching up

b. the incidence angel remain fixed

120. If AOA is increased beyond the critical AOA the lift coefficient and the stagnation point moves
c. decreases rearward

121. IF fluid flow through a venturi is said to be incompressible, the speed of the flow increases at the throught to
c. maintain a constant colume flow rate

122. If the AOA is maintained constant , what happens to the coefficient of lift when flaps are deployed
c. increase

123. If the AOA is zero but lift is produces the

c. wing is cambered

124. If the AOA of a wing is increased in flight the

a. c of p will move forward

125. If the C of G is aft of the c of p

c. changes in lift produce a pitch moment which acts to increase the change in lift

126. If the C of G is calculated after loading as within limits for take off
c. a further calculation is required prior to landing to allow for fuel and oil consumption

127. If the camber of an aircraft an aerofoil is increased

c. the stalling angel will decrease, and the stalling speed will decrease

128. IF the countinuity equation is applicable what will happen to air density if the cross section area of a tube changes
(low speed subsonic and incompressible flow)
a. 1 = 2

129. IF the density of the air is increased the lift will

b. increase

130. IF the IAS is increased by factor of 4, by what factor would the drag increase ?
b. 16

131. IF the velocity of a mass of air is increased

c. the K.E will increase, the dynamic pressure will increase and the static pressure will decrease
132. IF the weight of an aircraft is increased the induced drag at a given speed
a. will increase

133. If the wing loading of an aircraft were reduced the stalling speed would
b. decrease

134. In a graph of drag coefficient against AOA, as aspect ratio increases the steepness of the curve
b. decrease

135. In a steady climb at a steady IAS the TAS is

a. more than IAS

136. In a steam tube if density is halved, dtag will be reduced by the factor of
a. 2

137. In a symmetrical aerofoil the mean camber line is

a. a straight line co incident with the chord line

138. In a turn induced drag is increased

a. only on the wing with the down going aileron and with an increase in profile drag

139. In a 2 dimentional flow pattern where the streamelines converge the static pressure will
c. decrease

140. In accordance with bernoulies theorm where Pt = total pressure, PS = static pressure, q = dynamic pressure
a. PT PS = q

141. In flight the C of P by increasing AOA will reach its most forward point on an aerofoil
b. just below the stalling angle

142. In straight and level flight the AOA of a swept wing is

b. less than the aircraft angle to the horizontal

143. Increasing air pressure will have the following effect on the drag of an aeroplane AOA OAT and TAS are constant
b. the drag increases

144. Increasing dynamic (kinetic) pressure will have the following effect on the drag of an waeriplane (all other factors of
importance remaining constant)
c. the drag increases

145. Increasing tha AOA in flight will cause

c. stagnation point to move down and aft

146. Increasing the wing dihedral of an aircraft will

c. increase the lateral stability

147. Induced downwash

b. reduce the effective AOA of the wing
148. Induced drag
a. is asociated with the lift generated by an aerofoil

149. induced drag

b. increase with an increase in aircraft weight

150. induced drag

c. is equal to profile drag at Vmd

151. Induced drag

b. increase when reducing the wing aspect ratio

152. induced drag can be reduced by the use of

c. high aspect ratio wings

153. Induced drag

c. Greatest towards the tip and downwash decreases fromtip to root.

154. Induced drag is

c. equal to profile drag at Vmd

155. Induced drag is

a. inversly proportional to the square of speed

156. induced drag is also known as

b. vortex drag

157. Induced drag is created by the

c. span wise flow pattern resulting in the tip vortices

158. induced drag is ------ at root

c. lowest

159. Induced drag may be reduced by

a. an increase in aspect ratio

160. induced drag on the wing in level flight

c. is greatest at the tip

161. Interference drag can be reduced by the use of

c. fairing at junctions between fuselage and wings

162. interference drag can be reduced using

a. fairing

163. it is possible to reduce the span wise airflow over swept wing due to adverse pressure gradients by
b. wing fences
164. lift is a function of
a. velocity, wing area, Cl and density

165. Lift is created over a wing because

c. airflow accelerates over the top surface of the aerofoil crearing a reduction in static pressure

166. Lift is dependent on

b. the area of the wing the density of the fluid meduum and the square of the velocity

167. lift is generated by a wing

c. mostly on the top surface

168. Lift is the component of the total aerodynamic force which is

a. perpendicular to the free stream airflow

169. lift on the delta wing aircraft

b. increases with an increases angle of incidence (AOA)

170. Load factor is the actual lift supported by the wings at any given time
b. divided by the total weight of the aircraft

171. Longitudinal dihedral is

a. difference between the wing and tail angle of incidence

172. Low wing loading

a. decrease stalling speed, landing speed and landing run
173. mean chord is equal to
c. wing area divided by wing span

174. minimum total drag of the aircraft occurs

a. when profile drag equals induced drag

175. Minimum total drag of an aircraft occurs

c. when profile drag equals induced drag

176. On a swept wing aeroplane at low airspeed the pitch up phenomenan

b. is caused by wing tip stall

177. on a swept wing aircraft, due to the adverse pressure gradient, the boundry layer on the upper surface of the wing
tends to flow
c. towards the tip

178. On a swept wing aircraft the finest ratio of an aerofoil is

c. highest at the tip

179. On a symmetrical aerofoil the camber line is

c. equal to the chord
180. on an asymmetrical wing an increase in the +ve AOA in the normal operationg range will cause the lift and centre of
pressure to
c. increase and move towards the leading edge respectively

181. On an asymmetrical signal cover aerofoil, in subsonic airflow, at low AOAwhen the AOA is increased the C of P will
(assume a conventional transport aeroplane)
c. move forward

182. On decent with constant mach and weight the operational limit that is in danger of being exceeded is
a. Vmo

183. on the approach to land, ground effect will begin to be felt at

c. at a height equal to the wingspan above the ground

184. Pitch angle is defined as

b. the angle between the longitudinal axis of the aircraft and the local horizon

185. profile drag consist of what drag type

b. from, skin friction and interference

186. profile drag is ------ to speed

c. proportional

187. QFE
b. airfield pressure

188. QFE refers to

a. setting the mean sea level atmospheric pressure in accordance with ICAO standard atmosphere i.e 1013 millibars

189. QFE refers to

b. setting the mean sea level atmospheric pressure so an altimeter reads the aerodrome altitude above mean sea
level

190. shock induced separation results in.

a. decreasing lift

191. Stall commencing at the root is preferred coz

c.it provides the pilot with a warning of complete loss of lift

192. Stall inducers may be fitted to a wing

c. at the tip to cause the root to stall first

193. Streamlining will reduce

c.. from drag

194. Subsonic flow over a cambered airfoil at 4 AOA will cause

a. an increase in speed and drop in pressure over the upper surface and an increase in speed and an drop in pressure
over the lower surface

195. Sweepback of the wing is

c. the angle between the 0.25 chord line of the wing and the lateral axis

196. That portion of the aircrafts total drag created by the production of lift is called ?
c. induced drag, and is greatly affected by changes in airspeed
197. the wing setting angle is commonly known as
a. angel of incidence

198. the subsonic static pressure

a. decreases in a flow in a tube when the diameter decreases

199. The advantage of a turbulent boundary layer over a laminar boundary layer is
a. less tendency to separate

200. the aero foil polar is

a. a graph of the relation between the lift , coefficient and the drag coefficient

201. the airflow behind a normal shockwave will

b. always be subsonic and in the same direction as the original airflow

202. the airflow over the upper surface of a cambered wing

a. increases in velocity and reduce in pressure

203. the airflow over the upper surface of the wing of an aircraft in level flight compared to the free stream air will
a. experience an increase in velocity ans a reduction in pressure

204, the amount of lift generated by a rectangular wing is

a. Greatest at the root

205. the amount of thurst produced by a jet engine or a propeller can be calculated using
a. newton 2nd law

206. the angle at which the chord line of the aerofoil is presented to the airflow is known as
a. AOA

207. the AOA is

c. not related to the angle of incidence

208. the AOA of an aerofoil section is the angel between the

a. chord line and the relative airflow

209. the AOA where no lift is generated on an asymmetrically aerofoil is

a. -4

210. the angle of incidence of the wing is an angle formed lines

a. parallel to the chord line and longitudinal axis
211. The best AOA for the max L/D ratio
c. is the same for all altitudes

212. the boundry layer is

c. thickest at the trailing edge.

213. the boundary layer is considered to be turbulent

b. between the transition point ans separation points

214. the boundary layer of the body in a moving airstream is

c. a layer of air over the surface where the airspeed is changing from free stream velocity to zero velocity

215. the boundary layer of the wing is caused by

c. a layer on the wing in which the stream velocity is lower than the free stream velocity due to friction

216. th boundary layer over an aerofoil is

b. a layer of turbulent air close to the aerofoil which is moving at a velocity less than free stream air

217. the C of G moves in flight the most likely cause of this is

a. consumtion of fuel and oils

218. the C of P is the point where

a. the lift can be said to act

219. the camber of an aerofoil section is

c. the curvature of the median line of the aerofoil

220. the C of P of an aerofoil is located

b. 30 40 % of the chord line back from the leading edge

221. the chord line is

b. a straight line from the leading edge of the sing to the trailing edge of the wing

222. the chord line of a wing is a line that runs ffrom

b. the centre of the leading edge of the wing to the trailing edge

223. the chord / thickness ratio of the wing is also known as

a. finess ratio

224. the Cl alpha curve of a +ve camber aerofoil intersects with the vertical axis of the Cl- alpha graph
a. above the origin

225. the concept of the thurst is explained by

c. newtons 3rd lay

226.the control device designed to control the aircraft and reduce the control column forces to zero are
a. servo tabs

227. The correct drag formula is

a. D= CD Pv2S

228. the difference between the mean camber line and the chord of an aerofoil is
a. one is always straight and the other may be straight

229. the direction of drag is

b. parallel to the free stream airfow

230. the drag coefficient of a sphere is approcimately

b. 0.45

231. the dynamic pressure increases proportiononally with

a. density and the square of the velocity

232. The effect of winglets is

c. reduction in induced drag

233. the equation of countinuity states simply

b. air mass flow is constant

234. the finess ratio of an aerofoil is

c. mean chord / thickness ratio

235. the following takes place at the transition point in a wing

b. the boundry layer makes the transition from laminar flow to the turbulent boundry layer

236. the formula for lift is

a. L= pv2 SCL

237. the frontal area of a body placed in a certain airstream is increased by the factor 3. The shape will not alter the
aerodynamic drag will increase with a factor
b. 3

238. the greatest vortex strength occurs when the generated aircraft is
a. heavy, clean and slow

239. the imaginary straight line which passes through an aerofoil srction from leading edge to trailing edge is called
a. the chord line

240. the induced drag

c. increase as the lift coefficient increases

241. the induced drag coefficient, CDi is proportional with

a. CL2

242. the induced drag of an aircraft

a. decreases wit hincreasing speed

243. the layer of air over the surface of an aerofoil which is slower moving in relation to the rest of the airflow is known
as
a. boundry layer

244. The lift coefficient Cl of a wing at a given AOA

a. is increases by the use of high lift device

245. The lift component of the total reaction force

c. may act horizontally to a bosy under certain circumstances

246. The lift curve for a delta wing is

b. less steep than that of a high aspect ratio wing

247. the lift force, acting on an aerofoil

b. is mainly caused by suction on the upper side of the aerofoil

248. the lift on a wing is increased with

b. an increase in pressure

249. The loads factor n is

a. smaller, equal to or larger than 1, depending on the manoeuvre

250. tha mean aerodynamic chord (Mac) for a given wing of any platform is
a. the chord of a rectangular wing with same moment and lift

251. the most dangerous form of ice found on aircraft

b. glaze ice

252. the most fuel efficient of the following types of engine is the
c. turbo fan engine

253. the most important problem of ice accerelation of an aeroplane during flight is
b. reduction in CL max

254. the optimum angle AOA for a typical aerofoil is about----- and the actual AOA will be closr to this optimum angle
during
a. 4 , cruise

255. the optimum AOA of an aerofoil is the angle which

a. the heighest lift / drag ratio is produced

256. the point at which airflow ceases to be laminar and become turbulent is the
c. transition point
257. the pressure coefficient at the leading edge stagnation point is
a. +1
258. the principle of countinuity states that in a stream tube of decreasing cross section area the speed of a subsonic
and incompressible airflow will
b. increase

259. the purpose of streamlining is to reduce

a. profile drag

260. the quickest of the following types of engine is the

a. turbo fan engine

261. The Rmas horn vortex on a forward swept wing will be

a. less than a rearward swept wing

262. the relationship between induced drag and airspeed is induced drag is
b. inversely proportional to the square of the speed

263. the resistance or skin friction due to viscosity of the air as it passes along the surface of the wing is part of the
a. profile drag

264. the rigging angle of incidence of an elevar is

b. the angle between the mean chord line and the horizontal in the rigging position

265. the service ceiling of an aircraft is

a. the altitude where a low specific rate of climb is achieved

266. the span wise component of the airflow is

b. less at higher speeds

267. the speed of air over a swept wing which contributes to the lift is
b. less than the aircraft speed

268. the speed of sound is

c. proportional to the square root of the absolute temperature of the air

269. the stagnation point is

a. static pressure plus dynamic pressure

270. the stagnation point on an aerofoil is the point where

c. the airflow is brought completely to rest

271. the stalling of an aerofoil is affected by the

b. AOA

272. the the static pressure is acting

b. in all directions

273. the steepness of the line on a lift graph of a delta wing aircraft
a. decreases as incidence increases
274. the term AOA in a 2 dimentional flow is defined as
a. the angle between the wing chord line and the direction of the relative wind/airflow

275. the term oitch up is due to

a. longitudinal instability

276. the term Q and S in the lift formula are

b. dynamic pressure and the area of the wing

277. the total drag coefficient of a wing consist of the sum of

b. zero lift drag plus induced drag

278. the total drag of an aircraft

b. changes with speed

279. the total pressure

a. is static pressure + the dynamic pressure

280. the trailinf vortex on a pointed wing (taper ratio = 0) is

a. at the root

281. the transition point in a boundry layer

b. is where laminar flow changes to turbulent flow

282. the transition point located on the wing is the point where
c. the boundary layer changes from laminar flow to tuebulant flow
283. the transition point on a wing is the point where
c. the boundary layer flow changes from laminar to turbulent

284. the upper part of the wing is comparison to the lower

c. develops more lift

285. the value of the profile drag is straight and level flight at constantweight varies linearly with
c. square of speed

286. the vertical fin of a single pistion engine aircraft is

a. parallel with the vertical axis but not the longitudional axis

287. the wing area divided by the span of a wing is called

a. mean chord

288. to get high lift at low speed, an aerofoil must

a. have a high degree of camber

289. to give high lift at low speed, an aerofoil should

b. have high camber

290. to produce lift an aerofoil must be

a. either asymmetrical or symmetrical

291. total drag at high mach number is a combination of

c. induced drag, wave drag, form drag, skin frictiondrag and interference drag
292. truck under is
c. the tendency to nose down when speed is increased in to the transonic flight region

293. under the ICAO Q code there are which three steeings
C. QFE, QNH, QNE

294. under what conditions will an aircraft creates best lift?

a. cold dry day at 200Ft

295. upward and downward inclination of a mainplane is termed

c. dihedral

296. Vso is defined as the

c. stalling speed or minimum steady flight speed in the landing configuration

297. vapours trail from the wingtips of an aircraft in flight are caused by
a. low pressure above the wing and high pressure below the wing causing vortices
298. vectors
c. have a magnitude and a direction

299. vortex generators

c. transfer energy from the free airflow into the boundary layer

300. vortex generators mounted on the upper wing surface will

c. decreases the shockwave induced separation
301. weight equal
b. mass x gravity

302. what determines the coefficient of lift?

a. aerofoil shape and AOA

303. what does profile drag vary with?

a. square of the speed

304. what does the term wing washout mean?

a. the design of the wing that gives the wing tip of a lower angle of incidence

305. what effect does aspect ratio have on induced drag?

b. increase aspect ratio reduces induced drag

306. what effect would a forward CG have on an aircraft on landing?

a. increase stalling speed

307. what happens to air flowing at the speed of sound when it enters a converging duct?
b. velocity decreases, pressure and density increases
308. What happens to the wing tip stagnation point as the AOA increases?
a. it moves down and under the leading edge

309. what happens to total drag when accelerating from Cl max to max speed?
b. decreases than increases
310. what is a controlling factor of turbulence and skin friction
c. fineness ratio

311. what is boundary layer

c. sluggish low energy ait that sticks to the wing surface and gradually gets faster until it joins the free stream flow of
air

312. what is ground effect

b. the result of interference of the surface of the earth with the airflow around the wing and tail plane

313. what is the angle between the chord line of the wing , and the longitudional axis of the aircraft known as
c. angel of incidence

314. What is the CL and CD ratio at normal AOA

c. CL much higher

315. What is the collective term for the fin and rudder and the other surfaces aft of the centre of gravity that helps
directional stability
b. effect keel surface

316. What is the definition of Angle of incidence?

c. the angle tha chord of the mainplane or tail plane makes with the horizontal

317. what is the force that tends to pull an aircraft down towards the earth
b. weight

318. what is the SI unit that result from multiplying KG and m/s2?
c. newton

319. what phenomenon cause induce drag?

c. wing tip vortices

320. what produces the most lift at low speed

c. high camber

321. What type of drag, depends on the smoothness of the body, and surface area over which the air flow?
a. skin friction drag

322. What type of ice is most difficult for the ground crew to detect?
c. glaze ice

323. When a fluid at rest is in contact with an objects surface the fluid pressure exerts a force which
c. acts tangentially to the objects surface

324. When airflow velocity over an upper cambered surface what takes place?
b. pressure increases, lift decreases

325. When an aircraft experience induced drag

a. air flows under the wing spanwise towards the tip and on top of the wing spanwise towards the root

326. when an aircraft stalls

c. lift decreases and drag increases

327. when an aircraft with a typical aerofoil is in level flight at low speed and high angle of attack the normal axis

b. nearly vertical

328. When comparing a rectangular wing and a swept wing and a swept wing the swept wing has the advantage of
c, high critical match number

329. When does the angle od incidence change

c. it never change

330. when is the angle of incidence the same as the AOA

b. when relative airflow is parallel to longutidunal axis

331. when taking off and landing at an airport where heavy aircraft are operating pilots should be particularly alert to
the hazards of wingtip vortices because this wake turbulence tends to
b. sink into the flight path of aircraft operating below the aircraft generating the turbulence

332. when the AOA increasesin strength and level flight we will observe
b. forward movement of the centre of pressre

333. when the AOA is increasedthe stagnation point moves and the separation point moves
b. backward; forward

334. when the AOA of the cambered wing is zero which of the following statements is correct
a. the aerofoil will still be producing a small amount of lift

335. When the undercarriage is lowered in flight

a. form drag will increase and the aircraft nose down pitching moment will increase

336. When vortex generators are fitted they will normally be found
a. near the wing leading edge in fornt of control surfaces

337. where does the lift act on the wing

a. C of P

338. where on the surface of a typical aerofoil will flow separation normally start at high AOA
b. upper side trailing edge

339. which kind of boundary layer has the strongest change in velocity close to the surface
b. turbulent boundary layer

340. Ahich location on the aeroplane has tha largest effect on the induced drag?
c. wing tip

341. which of the following describe the empennage ?

b. tail section of the aircraft including fin rudder, tail plane and elevators

342. which of the following experession could represent the relationship could represent the relationship between force
, mass and acceleration
b. F = m x a
343. which of the following forces act on an aircraft in level flight?
b. lift, thrust, weight, and drag

344. which of the following is incorrect about induced drag

a. it will increase when the AOA is reduced

345. Which of the following is the correct description of the method for measuring the dihedral angle ?
a. the angle between the wing plane and the horizontal

346. which of the following is the greatest factor causing lift?

b. suction above the wing

347. which of thefollowing is true about profile drag?

b. profile drag = induced drag + form drag

348. which of the following is true

a. lift acts at right angle to the relative airflow and weight acts vertically down
349. which of the following quantity determines the mass flow in a nozzle?
a. velocity, density and area

350. which of the following statements about boundary layers is correct?

b. the turbulent boundary layer has more K.E than the laminar boundary layer

351. which of the following statements about a venture in a sub sonic airflow are correct?
01. the dynamic pressure in the indistributed flow and in the throat are equal
02. the total pressure in the unidisturbed flow and in the throat are equal
c. 1 is incorrect and 2 is correct

352. which of the following types of drag increases as the aircraft gains altitude?
b. induced drag
353. which of the following will reduce induced drag
b. elliptical lift distribution

354. which of the following wing planforms gives the highest local lift coefficient at the wing root?
c. rectangular

355. which one of the following statements about the lift to drag ratio in straight and level flight is correct?
a. at the highest value of the lift/drag ratio the total drag is lowest

356. Which statement about induced drag and tip vortices is correct?
c. the following dirextion at the upper side of the wing has a component in wing root direction the flow root direction
the flow at the underside of the wing in wing tip direction
357. which statement is correct about the Cl and AOA
c. for a symmetrical aerofoil, if the AOA=zero , Cl=0

358. which statement is correct about lamiar and turbulent boundary layer
b. friction drag is lower in the laminar layer

359. which statement is true for a symmetrical wing section?

c. the C of P is at the aerodynamic centre of the wing
360. Which statement is true
b. profile drag increases with the square of the air speed

361. which statement is true?

c. rectangular wings stall at the root first

362. why are vortex generators often fitted on aircraft with straight wings
a. to delay boundry layer separation

363. wing loading is

a. the max all up weight divided by the total wing area

364. wing loading is

b. gross weight divided by gross wing area

365. wing loading is

a. the ratio of aircraft weight to wing area

366. wing loading is calculated by weight

c. divided by gross wing area

367. wing span is defined as the distance

a. from wing tip to wing tip

368. wing tip vortices creare a type of drag known as

b. induced drag

369. wing tip vortices have the highest intensity during

b. takeoff

370. winglets
a. decrease the induced drag

371. with all conditions remaining the same, if the aircraft speed is halved by what factor is the lift reduced?
c. by a factor of 4

372.with an increase in aircraft weight

c. Vmd will be at the higher speed

373 . with an increase in aspect ratio for a given IAS induced drag will
c. reduce

374. When increased speed in level flight

a. profile drag increases

375. with reference to altimeter QFE is

b. setting aerodrome atmospheric pressure so that an altimeter reads zero on landing and takeoff

376. with the ailerons away from the neutral induced drag is
c. higher on the upper wing plus profile drag increases

377. -------- AOA is known as optimum AOA

b. 3 to 4 degree

378. upwash on a wing section in flight occurs

b. at the leading edge only

379. downwash on a wing section during flight occurs

c. at the trailing edge only

380. on a straight untampered wing downwash is

c. greatest at the wing tip

381. if the wing is designed so that the angle of incidence is greater at the wing roots and decreases across the span
becoming lowest at the wing tip this is known as
a. wash out

382. If a straight untapped wing has wash in it

c. is more likely to stall at the tip

383. if a straight untampered wing has wash out it

c. is more likely to stall at the root

384. if the wing is designed so that the angle of incidence is lower at the wing roots and increases across the span
becoming greatest at the wing tip this is known as
A, wash in
385. the aero dynamic resultant is the vector sum of
a. lift and drag

386. If lift is 4000N and the drag is 3000N the aerodynamic resultant is
b. 5000 N at an angle, which is dependent upon the angle of the relative airflow