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Research on Republic Act 10591(Comprehensive Firearms and Ammunition

Regulation Act) in relation to the INC Incident

Under Sec. 10 of RA 10591, the following firearms may be registered:

SEC. 10. Firearms That May Be Registered. Only small arms may be
registered by licensed citizens or licensed juridical entities for
ownership, possession and concealed carry. A light weapon shall be
lawfully acquired or possessed exclusively by the AFP, the PNP and
other law enforcement agencies authorized by the President in the
performance of their duties: Provided, That private individuals who
already have licenses to possess Class-A light weapons upon the
effectivity of this Act shall not be deprived of the privilege to continue
possessing the same and renewing the licenses therefor, for the sole
reason that these firearms are Class A light weapons, and shall be
required to comply with other applicable provisions of this Act.

On the recent raid conducted by the Quezon City Police District (QCPD)
operatives in the INC Compound, several firearms were discovered, which
included a shotgun, an M16 rifle, two Carbine light automatic rifles, a rifle
grenade, a .40-cal. pistol, an upper receiver infant and more than 100
bullets.1

The Implementing Rules and Regulations of RA 10591 provides for the


definition of the following terms:

Section 3. Definition of Terms


For purposes of this IRR, the following terms or words and phrases shall
mean or be understood as defined herein:
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3.47 Light Weapons are: Class-A Light weapons which refer to self-
loading pistols, rifles, carbines, submachine guns, assault rifles
and light machine guns not exceeding caliber 7.62MM which have
fully automatic mode; and Class-B Light weapons which refer to
weapons designed for use by two (2) or more persons serving as a
crew, or rifles and machine guns exceeding caliber 7.62MM such
as heavy machine guns, handheld under barrel and mounted
grenade launchers, portable anti-aircraft guns, portable anti-tank
missile and rocket systems, portable launchers of anti-aircraft
missile systems, and mortars of a caliber of less than 100MM;
XXXXX

1
http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/877091/cops-round-up-manalo-siblings-in-iglesia-
raid#ixzz4aVk6c0zX; date accessed: 06 March 2017, 11:03am.
3.62 Small Arms refer to firearms intended to be primarily
designed for individual use or that which is generally considered to
mean a weapon intended to be fired from the hand or shoulder,
which are not capable of fully automatic bursts of discharge, such
as:
3.62.1 Handgun is a firearm intended to be fired from the
hand, which includes:
a) Pistol is a hand-operated firearm having a chamber
integral with or permanently aligned with the bore which may be
self-loading; and
b) Revolver is a hand-operated firearm with a revolving
cylinder containing chambers for individual cartridges.
3.62.2 Rifle is a shoulder firearm or designed to be fired
from the shoulder that can discharge a bullet through a rifled
barrel by different actions of loading, which may be classified as
lever, bolt, or self-loading; and
3.62.3 Shotgun is a firearm designed, made and intended to
fire a number of ball shots or a single projectile through a smooth
bore by the action or energy from burning gunpowder.
XXXXX
XXXXX

Chief Supt. Guillermo Eleazar, QCPD director, said Angel Manalo and the
others who were brought in for questioning failed to show any license for the
firearms.2 Assuming that they have permits for the discovered firearms, it
is clear that under the law, only small arms may be registered by private
citizens. However, the raid yielded not only small arms but also Class A
light weapons particularly two Carbine light automatic rifles.

Section 28 of RA 10591 provides for the Penalties in case of violation of its


provisions, to wit:
SEC. 28. Unlawful Acquisition, or Possession of Firearms and
Ammunition. The unlawful acquisition, possession of firearms and
ammunition shall be penalized as follows:

XXXXX
(b) The penalty of reclusion temporal to reclusion perpetua shall be
imposed if three (3) or more small arms or Class-A light weapons are
unlawfully acquired or possessed by any person;
XXXXX
d) The penalty of reclusion perpetua shall be imposed upon any
person who shall, unlawfully acquire or possess a Class-B light
weapon;
2
http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/877320/qc-cops-ready-raps-over-manalo-siblings-
armory#ixzz4aVndnoqj; date accessed: 06 March 2017, 11:14am.
Further, Illegal possession of short arms or Class-A Light Weapons may also
be qualified by any or combination of the following conditions as provided by
Section 28 (e) of the same law:

(e) The penalty of one (1) degree higher than that provided in
paragraphs (a) to (c) in this section shall be imposed upon any person
who shall unlawfully possess any firearm under any or combination of
the following conditions:
(1) Loaded with ammunition or inserted with a loaded magazine;
(2) Fitted or mounted with laser or any gadget used to guide the
shooter to hit the target such as thermal weapon sight (TWS) and
the like;
(3) Fitted or mounted with sniper scopes, firearm muffler or firearm
silencer;
(4) Accompanied with an extra barrel; and
(5) Converted to be capable of firing full automatic bursts.

Assuming any of the above-mentioned qualifying conditions is present, Manalo


and the others may be charged with an offense punishable by Reclusion
Perpetua.

*Under Section 7 of Rule 114 of the Rules of Court, No person charged with a
capital offense, or an offense punishable by reclusion perpetua or life
imprisonment, shall be admitted to bail when evidence of guilt is strong,
regardless of the state of the criminal prosecution.

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