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Polio, also called poliomyelitis is a highly contagiousinfectious disease

caused by one of three related viruses. Polio is a very serious disease,
which can lead to paralysis or even death. Once a person is exposed to polio,
it usually takes about three to five days for symptoms to appear.

In about 95 percent of polio cases, infection from the polio virus causes no
symptoms or serious effects. In about 5 percent of cases, the polio virus
manifests in a mild form (abortive polio) with flu-like symptoms, in a
nonparalytic form (aseptic meningitis) or in a severe form called paralytic
polio. People who have minor or nonparalytic forms recover completely.






Paralytic polio is the most serious type of polio. Paralytic polio causes
paralysis. In paralytic polio, the polio virus invades the central nervous
system -- the spinal cord and the brain -- and may cause weakness,
paralysis, serious breathing problems or death. Paralytic polio begins like
milder forms of polio, however, it usually causes severe muscle pain in
addition to other symptoms. Paralysis usually happens within the first week.
The individual may lose the ability to use of one or both legs, arms, and may
not be able to breathe without the help of a machine. Recovery varies from
person to person, but people who are paralyzed by polio will have some
weakness in an arm or leg for the rest of their lives.

c



Polio is caused by a virus that lives in the throat andintestinal tract.



There are many symptoms of polio and not everyone will experience all of
the symptoms. They symptoms vary according to the type of polio the
individual has. In mild polio, some of the symptoms are: headache, nausea,
vomiting, general discomfort or a slight fever for up to three days. In
nonparalytic polio (aseptic meningitis): the symptoms are similar to mild
cases, with the addition of moderate fever, stiff neck and back, fatigue and
muscle pain. The symptoms for polio and paralytic polio different. Individuals
with paralytic polio experience tremor, muscle weakness, fever,
stiffness, constipation, muscle pain and spasms, and difficulty swallowing.




Polio can be spread by a number of ways. People who have not been
immunized against polio or have a weakened immune system may contract
polio from individuals who are receiving the oral polio vaccine. In developing
nations, the polio virus is spread by eating food or
drinking watercontaminated by the polio virus. The polio virus may also be
contracted through direct contact with infected stool or throat secretions.
People are most infectious a few days before and after the onset of
symptoms.

c
 

Typhoid fever is a life-threatening illness caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi.

 

There are many symptoms associated with typhoid fever. The most common symptoms of
typhoid fever are:

y þever
y ¢eadache
y 0onstipation
y Galaise
y 0hills
y Sore throat
y Gyalgia
y Gild vomiting
y ^bdominal pain
y uoss of appetite
y Œoint pains
y £iarrhea
y ºlood in diarrhea

 




Typhoid fever is spread via items that have been contaminated with the Salmonella Typhi
bacteria. The bacteria lives only in humans. Persons with typhoid fever carry the bacteria in
their bloodstream, intestinal tract and stool.

0
 



Ñes. Typhoid fever is rare in the United States . ¢owever, it is much more common in
developing countries. When traveling abroad, be sure to talk to your doctor and see if you
need to get vaccinated against typhoid fever.

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Ñes. The most common treatment is antibiotics andmedication to reduce fever and joint
pain.
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