20/03/2015

CLCULO VECTORIAL CAPTULO I

SESIN 4 Integracin de una funcin
vectorial
INTEGRACIN Sea r : [ a, b ] n una funcin vectorial definida por

r (t ) = (x1 (t ), x2 (t ), L, xn (t ) ) n donde
FUNCIN VECTORIAL
xi : continuas en [a, b] , entonces
n
r :I
r (t ) dt = ( x (t ) dt + c ,L, x (t ) d t + c
1 1 n n )
ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 2

Integral Definida Teorema del Clculo

r : [ a, b ] n b

r (t ) dt = R(t )] = R(b) R(a)

b

r (t ) = (x1 (t ), x2 (t ),L, xn (t ) ) n a
a

b
b b

a r ( t ) dt =

a
x1 ( t ) dt , L ,
a
xn ( t ) dt


Donde R es una funcin vectorial tal que R' (t ) = r (t )

ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 3 ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 4

EJEMPLO 1: Evale Solucin

r (t )dt = ( cos t dt + c , e dt + c2 , dt + c3 )
t
1

r (t ) dt;
r (t ) dt = ( sen t + c ,
1 e t + c2 , t + c3 )
donde r (t ) = (cos t , e t ,1 )
r (t ) dt =( sent , e t , t ) + (c1 , c2 , c3 )

ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 5 ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 6

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 20/03/2015

EJEMPLO 2 Solucin (
r (t ) = cos t , sen 2 t )
Evale
/2
/ 2 /2


0
r (t )dt = cost d t, sen2 t dt
0 0
/2

r (t )dt , donde (
r (t ) = cos t , sen 2 t )
0 /2 t sen2t
/2
/2
0 r (t )dt = sent 0 , 2 4 0

ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 7 ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 8

Solucin EJEMPLO 3: Evale

/2 t sen 2t
/2
/2
0 r (t )dt = sent 0 , 2 4 0 3t

t e
t2
, 3 t sent , dt
t +1
2

/2

r (t )dt = 1, 4
0

ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 9 ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 10

Solucin EJEMPLO 4: Evale

3t
t e
t2
, 3 t sent , dt 2
4
t + 1 ,
t +1
e t 2 , t e t dt
2

0
= et , 3 sent 3 t cos t , ln ( t 2 + 1 ) + (c1 , c2 , c3 )
1 2 3
2 2

ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 11 ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 12

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 20/03/2015

Solucin Propiedades 1

r : [ a, b ] n
2
4

t +1
, e t 2 , t e t dt

0
b b

(
= 4 ln 3, 1 e , e + 1 2 2
) r (t ) dt =
a
r (t ) dt;
a

ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 13 ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 14

Propiedades 2 Propiedades 3

r : [ a, b ] n
r , u : [ a, b ] n c = (c1 , L , cn )

b b
b b b
( c r (t ) ) dt = c r (t ) dt
[r (t ) u(t ) ]dt = r (t ) dt u(t ) dt
a a a
a a

ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 15 ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 16

Propiedades 4 Propiedades 5
r : [ a, b ] n
r : [ a, b ] n c = (c1 , L , cn )

Si adems r (t ) es integrable en [a, b], tenemos

b b

( c r (t ) ) dt = c r (t ) dt ; en 3 b b

a a r (t ) dt
a
a
r (t ) dt

ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 17 ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 18

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 20/03/2015

LONGITUD DE UNA CURVA

REGULAR o SUAVE
EJEMPLO 5
Sea C una curva regular definida por Calcule la longitud de la curva
C : r : [a, b] 3
r (t ) = 4 t 3 / 2 i 3 sen t j + 3 cos t k
b
L (C ) = r' (t ) dt
a
desde t1 = 0 hasta t2 = 2.

ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 19 ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 20

Solucin L (C ) = r' (t ) dt
a Solucin
C : r (t ) = 4 t 3/2
i 3 sen t j + 3 cos t k C : r (t ) = 4 t 3 / 2 i 3 sen t j + 3 cos t k
2

r (t ) = 6 t 1/ 2 i 3 cos t j 3 sent k L(C ) = r' (t ) dt

0

r (t ) = (6 t ) + (3 cos t ) + (3 sent )
1/ 2 2 2 2

2
L(C ) = 3 4 t + 1 dt
r (t ) = 3 4 t + 1 0

ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 21 ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 22

Solucin Solucin
2
L(C ) = 3 4 t + 1 dt 1
(4t + 1)3 / 2 0
2

0
L(C ) =
2

1
(4t + 1)3 / 2 0 L(C ) = 13
2
L(C ) =
2
ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 23 ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 24

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C : r (t ) = 4 t 3 / 2 i 3 sen t j + 3 cos t k
Solucin 2
EJEMPLO 6
L(C ) = r' (t ) dt = 13
CURVA
0

Calcule la longitud de la curva

3

2 r (t ) = 4 e t cos t i + 4 e t sent j + 4 e t k ; t0
1
Z

15
-1
10

-2 5
0 -0.5
LONGITUD1 -1 -1.5 0
-2 -2.5 X
ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ -3 25 ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 26
Y

Solucin Solucin: interpretacin geomtrica

C : r (t ) = 4 e t cos t i + 4 e t sent j + 4 e t k ; t 0 x = 4e t cos t Punto Inicial t=0; A=(4,0,4)

C : y = 4e t sent , t 0 Punto Final B (0,0,0)
z = 4e t

x = 4e t cos t

C : y = 4e t sent z = 4e-t es decreciente y mayor que cero.
t
z = 4e La curva esta sobre el plano XY.

ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 27 ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 28

Solucin: r (t ) = 4 e t ( cos t i + sent j + k ); t 0 Solucin

CURVA

4 C : r (t ) = 4 e t cos t i + 4 e t sent j + 4 e t k ; t 0
3.5

2.5
2 L(C ) = r' (t ) dt = 4 3 e t dt = 4 3
Z

1.5
0 0
1

0.5

0 4
1.5 2
1 0
0.5 0
-0.5 -2
Y X
LONGITUD2
ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 29 ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 30

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Solucin: L(C ) = r' (t ) dt = 4 3 FUNCIN LONGITUD DE ARCO o CURVA

CURVA 0

4
(t ) = s
3.5

3 a t b
2.5

2
Z

1.5

1

0.5

0 4 c s d
1.5 2
1 0
0.5 0
-0.5 -2
Y X

ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 31 ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 32

FUNCIN LONGITUD DE ARCO o CURVA FUNCIN LONGITUD DE ARCO

Sea C una curva regular o suave definida por t
( t ) = r' (u ) du ; t [a , b ]
C : r : [a, b] 3 a

y : [ a , b ] [ c, d ] definida por NOTACIN

t
( t ) = s (t ) , t [a, b ]
( t ) = r' (u ) du ; t [a, b]
a

ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 33 ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 34

FUNCIN LONGITUD DE ARCO FUNCIN LONGITUD DE ARCO

t
( t ) = r' (u ) du ; t [a, b ]
a (t ) = s(t )

(t ) = r' (t ) , t [a, b ] (t ) = r' (t ) s (t ) = r' (t )

ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 35 ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 36

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OBSERVACIONES: C curva regular en [a, b] OBSERVACIONES

t
( t ) = r' (u ) du ; t [a, b]
t
( t ) = r' (u ) du ; t [a, b]
a a

(t ) = r' (t ) > 0 ; t [ a, b]
(t ) = r' (t ) 0 ; t [ a, b]
(t ) es una funcin creciente

(t ) = r' (t ) > 0 ; t [ a, b] La funcin longitud de arco es creciente y

tiene inversa.
ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 37 ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 38

EJEMPLO 7 Solucin: funcin longitud de arco

Determine la funcin longitud de arco de la r (t ) = cosh t i + senh t j + t k ; 0t 4

siguiente funcin vectorial
r (t ) = senh t i + cosh t j + k ; 0t 4
r (t ) = cosh t i + senh t j + t k ; 0t 4
cosh 2 t senh 2t = 1
r (t ) = senh 2 t + cosh 2 t +1 cosh 2 t 1 = senh 2t

r (t ) = 2 cosh 2 t = 2 cosh t

ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 39 ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 40

Solucin: funcin longitud de arco Solucin: funcin longitud de arco

r (t ) = cosh t i + senh t j + t k ; 0t 4 t
( t ) = r' (u ) du
r (t ) = 2 cosh t 0

t
t t
( t ) = r' (u ) du = 2 cosh t dt
0 0
(t ) =

0
2 cosh u du = 2 senh t = s

ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 41 ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 42

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 20/03/2015

Funcin Longitud de Arco de C Funcin Longitud de Arco de C

(t ) = 2 senh t = s(t ); 0t4

(t ) = 2 senh t = s(t ); 0t4
t s
0 0
1 1.662
2 5.129 (t ) funcin creciente y tiene inversa
3 14.167
4 38.593

ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 43 ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 44

Funcin Longitud de Arco de la Funcin Inversa de la Longitud

curva C (t ) = 2 senh t
de Arco: ( s ) = t
Funcion Longitud de arco
40

35
a t b
30

25

(t )
s

20

15 (t )
10

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
c s d
t
ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 45 ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 46

Funcin Inversa Longitud de

Arco
EJEMPLO 8

: [ c, d ] [ a , b ]
r (t ) = cosh t i + senh t j + t k ; 0t 4

s t Funcin Longitud de Arco

t
1
( s ) = (s) = t (t ) =

0
2 cosh u du = 2 senh t = s

ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 47 ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 48

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 20/03/2015

Clculo de la inversa de la funcin

Valores de la variable s
Longitud de Arco
(t ) = 2 senh t = s
r (t ) = cosh t i + senh t j + t k ; 0t 4

(t ) = 2 senh t = s
t=0 (0) = 2 senh(0) = 0 = s

( s ) = senh 1 s = t ; 0 s 38,59
t=4 (4) = 2 senh (4) = 38,59 = s 2

29
ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 49 ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 50

( s ) = senh 1 ( s
)
Funcion Inversa de Longitud de arco
2
RESUMEN
4

3.5

3 (s)
2.5
a t b
2 (t ) = s
t

1.5

1
(s ) = t c s d
0.5

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

s
ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 51 ROSA IQUE ALVAREZ 52

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