4/23/2017 SmallBoreConnections(SBC)Assessment|BETAMachineryAnalysis

SRVICS
Small-ore Connection (SC) Aement
StaticEquipment&Structures(Piping
Vibration&Fatigue)
for all machiner tpe and application
AcousticFatigueAssessmentfor
BlowdownSystems
AcousticInducedVibration(AIV)
Analysis
FiniteElementAnalysis(FEA)
FlowInducedTurbulence(FIT)
Analysis
FlowInducedVibration(FIV)
Analysis
MultiphaseandSlugFlowAnalysis
PipeStressAnalysis
Smallboreconnections,alsocalledbranchconnections,tothemainprocesspipingrepresentthemostcommonvibrationproblem
PipingVibrationandIntegrity
Assessment onrotatingandreciprocatingmachineryandassociatedprocesspiping.

Review&DesignSupportServices
Smallboreconnectiondesignassessmentandfieldvibrationtestingarestronglyrecommendedtoavoidpipingintegrityrisks.
SmallBoreConnections(SBC)
Assessment
StructuralVibrationandDynamic CONTENTS[hide]
DesignAnalysis
1 Background:SmallBoreConnectionsDefinition,RisksandConsequences
SubseaPipingVibration
2 ApproachandScope
VibrationInspectionProgram
2.1 Approach
WaterHammerAnalysis
2.2 Scope(DesignandFieldAnalysis)
MachineryAnalysis 3 WoodGroupAdvantages

RotatingEquipmentReliability 4 RelatedInformation
5 RelatedServices
NoiseManagement
6 KeyWords
FieldEngineering&Troubleshooting

AntiVibrationProducts
1 ACKGROUND: SMALL-OR CONNCTIONS; DFINITION, RISKS AND CONSQUNCS
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Training

Fieldauditofsmallboreconnections CrackedvesselduetoSBC(blindflange)

Pipingvibrationandfatiguecanaccountforupto20%ofhydrocarbonreleasesandalargeportionofthoseareduetofailureof
smallboreconnectionsperEnergyInstitute,2008,Guidelinesfortheavoidanceofvibrationinducedfatiguefailure,(AVIFF).
Hydrocarbonemissionscanleadtofire,explosions,injuries,propertyandenvironmentaldamage,andpenalties.

Asmallboreconnection(SBC)isgenerallydefinedasabranchedconnectiononmainlinepipingthathasanominaldiameter2
(DN50)andsmaller,includingconnectionsthathaveabranchpipetomainlinepiperatiooflessthan10%,andexcluding
connectionsthathavearatioofgreaterthan25%(seeFigurebelow).Notethatmainlinepipingcouldalsodescribeequipment
likeavesselorcoolertowhichtheSBCisattached.

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Smallborepiping(SBP)isdefinedasthepipingattachedtothesmallboreconnection,extendinguntiltheeffectofthemainline
pipingvibrationisnegligible(typically,thenearestsupportorbrace),asshownintheillustrationbelow.

Small Bore Piping Examples

TheSBPofmostconcernisthatwhichcontainsproductionfluidatoperatingpressure.Auxiliarylines,likepneumaticair,crankcase
vents,etc.,arenotascritical.BETAusesthetermSBCtorefertothisentireclassofpipingvibrationproblems,includingbranch
connections,blindflanges,PSVs,siteglasses,RTDconnections,drainlines/valves,etc.

SBCsarehighlysusceptibletoproblemsduetotheirgeometryandmass.Evenverylow
amplitude(andacceptable)vibrationonthemainprocesspipingcancausethebranch
connectionstovibrateexcessivelyandbreakduetofatiguefailure.Thisisduetothelocal
resonanceoftheSBC(seeourTRAINING VIDO, MODUL 1 forexamplesofresonance).
Atcertainfrequencies,basevibrationcanbeamplifiedby20to30times,causingbranch
connectionstofail.

Theconsequencesofavibrationinducedfailurecanbecatastrophic.Asmallcrackwill
releaseprocessfluidscausingsafetyrisks(explosion,fire,ortoxicchemicals),
environmentalrisktothenearbyarea,andproductiondowntime.Inrecentcases,SBC
Multichannelsystemsusedtoassess
failureshavebeenresponsiblefortheshutdownofapipelineandproductionfacilitiesfor
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weeks.Giventheriskofthesepipingfailures,ownersmusttakeanactiveroleinavoiding SBCvibrationrisks
them.

2 APPROACH AND SCOP

2.1 APPROACH
ToaddressSBCintegrityrisks,theownermustspecifytheappropriateengineeringassessment.Ideally,theevaluationoccursin
threestages,asshowninthetablebelow.

SBCASSESSMENTACTIVITIES

FEED/Planning
ScreeningAssessmentofPipingSystem:Pulsations,FlowTurbulence,Acoustic
Definestheappropriatescope
Induced,Mechanicalexcitations,Surge,OtherTransientEvents
andrequirementsfordynamicdesign

DetailedDesign SBCAnalysis:QuantitativeApproach,IdentifyFatigueRisks,FiniteElement(if
SBCASSESSMENTACTIVITIES
ReviewandevaluateSBCdesigns required),RecommendModifications

Commissioning/Operations
SBCVibrationAssessment(Baseline):SteadyStateConditions,Transient
Onsitetesting,documentation,modifications(steady
Operations,ExtrapolateResultstoOtherOperatingConditions
stateandtransientflowevaluations)

Qualifieddynamicengineeringexpertsarerequiredtoperformthisworkbecause
itinvolvesstressanalysis,fatiguefailureanalysis,FEA,andotheradvanced
dynamicanalyses.

Warning:OnecommonmisconceptionisthataSBCassessmentissimilartoa
standardvibrationmonitoringprogramsuchasconditionbasedmonitoringor
routebasesvibrationcheck,whichisoftenperformedbyvibrationtechnicians.
Whilethisprogramisusefulformonitoringdegradationinbearings,itisnot FiniteElementAnalysis(FEA)isusedtocalculate

applicabletoSBCengineeringdesignandevaluation. stressandconfirmacceptance(orfailure)ofsmall
borepipingdesign

ThescopeoftheSBCassessmentwillvarybasedontheapplication(liquid,gas
ormultiphase),operatingfrequency,location,andprocessconditions.Thesevariableswillaffectthetypeofanalysisconductedat
site.

2.2 SCOP (DSIGN

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2.2 SCOP (DSIGN AND FILD ANALYSIS)

ThefollowingstandardservicesareavailableforaddressSBCpipingintegrityrisks.ContactBETAformoreinformationonthe
detailedscope,orifacustomizedsolutionisrequired.

NEWPROJECTS(ORMODIFIEDSYSTEMS)INCLUDESDESIGNANDFIELDACTIVITIES

SERVICE DESCRIPTION SUMMARY REMAININGRISKS

SBCD1 DesignSBC Basicapproach:reviewavailabledrawingsandprovide MediumManyremainingrisks

Review bestpracticerecommendations.Nofield sinceresonanceispossible(andno
measurements. fieldverification/testing)

SBCD2 StandardSBC DesignevaluationofproposedSBCwithrecommended LowCommonrisksaresignificantly

Integrity changes. addressed.Asmallamountof
Assessment Shopandfieldtestingtoverifyvibrationlevelsare residualriskremains.
acceptable.

SBCD3 Comprehensive BETAisdirectlyinvolvedinSBCdesigntoensurea MinimalMaximumassurancefor

SBCIntegrity conservativesystemthatavoidsresonancesatkey thedesignedoperatingsystem.
Assurance frequencies.
Shopandfieldtestingtoaddresssteadystateand
transientsituations.

EXISTINGOPERATIONS

SERVICE DESCRIPTION SUMMARY REMAININGRISKS

SBCF1 StandardSBC IdealforevaluatingSBCintegrityandtheassociated LowForstandardservice,there

Field pipingonthemachinesystem.Includesimpacttesting arepracticallimitstotestingall
Assessment forMNFs,vibrationscreening,speedsweep,and locations.Notalloperatingconditions
detailedFEA(ifrequired)toresolveproblemlocations. checked.Plantpiping(offskid)
SBCsnotevaluated.

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EXISTINGOPERATIONS

SBCF2 Comprehensive Forcriticalapplicationswheremorestringenttestingis MinimalCommonrisksare

SBCIntegrity required.Includestransientandsteadystatetesting, significantlyaddressed.Asmall
Audit fatigueanalysis,andassessmentofpipestrain.Can amountofresidualriskremains.
includestationpiping(awayfromthe
rotating/reciprocatingmachine).

Tomitigatethisrisk,theowner(oritsEngineeringConsultant)mustspecifyaSBCvibrationstudy.

3 WOOD GROUP ADVANTAGS

Over45yearsoffieldexperienceinSBCevaluations.
Multichanneldataacquisitionsystem(>100channels)forSBCtestingakeyadvantageforlargerpipingsystems.
Designexpertsindynamics,pulsationcontrol,vibrationmitigationonreciprocatingandrotatingassets.
R&DprogramsfocusedondevelopinginnovativesolutionstoevaluateandmitigateSBCvibration,includingresearchforthe
GasMachineryResearchCouncil(GMRC).
Preferredsuppliertothelargestgasandliquidoperatorsandpipelinecompanies.
Globalsupport,includingfieldengineerscertifiedforoffshorefacilities.

4 RLATD INFORMATION
SC SPCIFICATION (TO ORDR TH APPROPRIAT STUDY)
PRIMR - PIPING VIRATION INTGRITY (PDF)
TRAINING COURSS WoodGroupstrainingseminarsfeaturedemos,livetestingofSBC,andmitigationstrategies
GUIDLINS FOR TH AVOIDANC OF VIRATION INDUCD FATIGU FAILUR IN PROCSS PIPWORK (AVIFF)
DevelopedbytheEnergyInstitute.Askhowwehelpcustomersapplythisstandardduringthedesignandfieldoperations,and
canincorporateotherrecommendedapproaches.
IMPROVING QUIPMNT RLIAILITY - SMALL-OR ATTACHMNTS (PDF)
SMALL-OR PIPING FAILURS ON TH RIS,COMPRSSORTCH2, 2012 (PDF)
TRANSINT CONDITIONS ON SP DiscusseshowtransientoperatingconditionscanaffectvibrationonSBP
VIRATION RLATD FAILURS OF SMALL-OR ATTACHMNTS(PDF) TechnicalPaperonSBPdesignprinciples
INTGRITY VALUATION OF SMALL OR CONNCTIONS (RANCH CONNCTIONS) (PDF) EuropeanForumofReciprocating
Compressors(EFRC),2014

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VIDO: SMALL-OR PIPING XAMPLS

VIDO: TRAINING MODUL 1 - RCIPROCATING COMPRSSOR - AN OVRVIW OF VIRATION ISSUS
Explanationofresonanceandvibrationequation,conceptsthatcontributestoSPCvibration

5 RLATD SRVICS
PIPING VIRATION AND INTGRITY ASSSSMNT
RCIPROCATING COMPRSSOR PULSATION AND MCHANICAL ANALYSIS
RCIPROCATING PUMP PULSATION AND MCHANICAL ANALYSIS

6 KY WORDS
Branchconnections
Smallboreconnections(SBC)
Smallborepiping
Smallborefailure
Smallborefatigue

Backtotop

MOR INFO
Webinar:Whatismyriskofsurge?DesignRequirementsforReciprocatingCompressorsMachineryCondition&
PerformanceMonitoringExamplesofPipingVibration(Video)EvaluatingCompressorOperatingRisksPipeSupport
Stiffness,GMRCProjectTransientConditionsonSmallBorePipingPipingVibrationDesignConsiderationsTipsfor
ManagingaSuccessfulVibrationProjectPipingVibrationExamplesSpecificationsAnIntegratedApproachtoManage
VibrationRisks

2017WOODGROUP JOINOURMAILINGLIST CONTACTUS

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