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Author
Martin Anglhuber | martin.anglhuber@omicronenergy.com
Stephanie Uhrig | stephanie.uhrig@omicronenergy.com
Date
27.04.2017
Application Area
Power transformer, Instrument transformer
Keywords
Power transformer, FDS, PDC+, DIRANA, moisture
Version
4.1
Document ID
ANP_13002_ENU
Abstract
This application note informs about moisture categories in the DIRANA software and shows how to
customize them.
General Information
OMICRON electronics GmbH including all international branch offices is henceforth referred to as
OMICRON.
The product information, specifications, and technical data embodied in this application note represent the
technical status at the time of writing and are subject to change without prior notice.
We have done our best to ensure that the information given in this application note is useful, accurate and
entirely reliable. However, OMICRON does not assume responsibility for any inaccuracies which may be
present.
OMICRON translates this application note from the source language English into a number of other
languages. Any translation of this document is undertaken for local requirements, and in the event of a
dispute between the English and a non-English version, the English version of this note shall govern.
All rights including translation reserved. Reproduction of any kind, for example, photocopying, microfilming,
optical character recognition and/or storage in electronic data processing systems, requires the explicit
consent of OMICRON. Reprinting, wholly or partly, is not permitted.
OMICRON 2017. All rights reserved. This Application Note is a publication of OMICRON.
The default settings refer to the categories given in the IEC 60422 "Mineral insulating oils in electrical
equipment Supervision and maintenance guidance". This standard provides categories for moisture
contamination of power transformers based on moisture saturation (Table 1).
<5 Dry
5 - 20 Moderately wet
20 - 30 Wet
Table 1: Moisture categories based on moisture saturation in oil. Source: IEC 60422:2013
Moisture saturation can be converted into moisture content using sorption isotherms (Figure 2). Such
isotherms have been experimentally developed in laboratory environment using paper and pressboard
samples. They are only valid for equilibrium conditions.
Figure 2: Ratio of water saturation in oil to water content in paper (sorption isotherm)
Table 2: Moisture categories based on moisture saturation in oil converted to water content in paper
The IEC rates moisture saturations of more than 5 % as "moderately wet", which is equivalent to a moisture
content of approximately 2.2 wt.% (Figure 2). In this area the water molecules become more and more active,
increasing the dangerous effects of water. At this level, maintenance actions such as drying should be
considered, taking into account the importance and future operation of the transformer.
OMICRON
www.omicronenergy.com Subject to change without notice.