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Authors: The term Selective Catalytic Reduction (or SCR) is used to describe a chemical reaction in
which harmful nitrogen oxides (NOX) in exhaust gas are converted into water (H2O) and
Dr. Holger Sinzenich nitrogen (N2). In combination with internal engine technologies, such as exhaust gas
Team Leader, Systems Integration Exhaust Af- recirculation (EGR), extremely low nitrogen oxide emissions can be achieved with low
tertreatment fuel consumption.
Klaus Wehler Ways to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions cylinder, little soot is produced, but a large
Team Leader, Design Exhaust Aftertreatment In order to comply with the increasingly tough amount of nitrogen oxide. At lower combustion
emission standards worldwide, engine manufac- temperatures, nitrogen oxide emissions are low,
Ralf Mller turers are forced not only to substantially reduce but the production of soot particulates is high.
Research and Technology Development, Ex- emissions of particulate matter (PM), but also To find the right balance, therefore, all the key
haust Aftertreatment emissions of nitrogen oxides. The main approach technologies that affect combustion must be
pursued by MTU is low-emission combustion, in perfectly matched. When combined with fuel
other words an internal engine solution. Howev- injection and turbocharging in particular, the use
er, this means taking into account a basic princi- of exhaust gas recirculation results in a combus-
ple that governs the process of combustion if tion process that produces significantly lower
the fuel burns at a higher temperature inside the levels of nitrogen oxide.
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Fig. 1: Operating principle of the SCR system
H2O Water NO Nitrogen Monoxide Selective catalytic reduction describes a way to minimize the amount of
N2 Nitrogen NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide nitrogen oxide contained in the exhaust gases. A urea-water solution is
NH3 Ammonia O2 Oxygen injected into the exhaust gas flow upstream of the SCR catalytic con-
verter, thus producing nitrogen and water during the selective catalytic
reduction process.
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The second way of reducing nitrogen oxide emis- and nitrogen. For this purpose, a reducing agent tion and low particulate levels, albeit with greater
sions is to use exhaust gas aftertreatment with is continually injected into the exhaust gas flow nitrogen oxide production. Since the SCR cata-
an SCR catalytic converter. Very low limits for using a metering module. In the exhaust gas flow, lytic converter subsequently removes the nitro-
nitrogen oxide can make the use of such an SCR the fluid reacts within a fraction of a second to gen oxide from the exhaust gas, the development
system necessary, as it removes subsequently produce ammonia (NH3). This chemical com- engineers can use this to configure the combus-
almost 90 percent of the nitrogen oxide pro- pound then converts the nitrogen oxides in the tion process for extremely low fuel consumption
duced during the combustion process from the SCR catalytic converter (see Fig. 1). while still remaining within the legal emission lim-
exhaust gas. Depending on the application, even its (see Fig. 2).
higher reduction rates are possible. The non-toxic and odorless reducing agent is
widely used in commercial vehicle applications Benefits of MTUs SCR system
An added benefit of the SCR system is a reduc- and has been available throughout Europe since MTU individually matches the SCR system to the
tion in particulate emissions of up to 60 percent. 2004, and the USA since 2010. It is marketed in specific engine and the application. At the same
This frequently means that depending on the Europe under the trade name of Ad Blue. It con- time, the drive system is optimized for low fuel
emission standard applicable the need for an sists of a 32.5 percent solution of extra pure grade consumption and a minimal space requirement
additional diesel particulate filter (DPF) in the of urea in de-ionized water. The amount of reduc- for the SCR components. As far as possible,
exhaust system can be eliminated. ing agent added is about five to seven percent of MTU uses proven SCR components from the
the fuel consumption. It is stored as a second commercial vehicle sector. Customers subse-
Operating principle of the SCR system consumable fluid in a separate tank and fed to the quently benefit from a tried and tested standard
In the case of selective catalytic reduction, a metering device via pipelines. To ensure the high production solution with a long service life which
catalytic converter converts the nitrogen oxides nitrogen oxide conversion rates of more than is optimally adapted to the engine package. MTU
contained in the exhaust gas into water vapor 90 percent in some cases in every operating state drive systems are designed to be very robust in
of the propulsion system, the electronic control terms of changes in the operating conditions,
system calculates the precise quantity of reducing which means that customers are very flexible in
Fig. 2
agent needed based on key engine parameters terms of how they employ their systems in a wide
such as operating temperature and engine speed. range of applications.
Fuel consumption potential of SCR Compared with other ways to reduce emissions,
In the combustion process inside the cylinder, in by using a diesel particulate filter, for example,
addition to the relationship between the produc- an SCR catalytic converter does not increase
tion of nitrogen oxide and particulates, there is backpressure in the exhaust system to the same
one between fuel consumption and nitrogen degree. Consequently, the turbocharging system
oxides. Generally speaking, high combustion has to work against a lower backpressure and
temperatures lead to economical fuel consump- can be operated at a higher efficiency level.
Fig. 3
System development at MTU Series 2000 engines, while two identical mod- ogy package for the new Series 1000, 1100,
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