Model DBR

DELHI METRO PROJECT LINE 7
Detail Design Consultant

CCDD-1R
REFERENCE MODEL DBR
DESIGN BASIS REPORT

CUT AND COVER STRUCTURES
27/11/2012
Document Reference: CCDD-1R TDR UG0 STR REP 00082 R2

Contract Stage Localisation Discipline Type Number Index
Design Basis Report
Cut & Cover Structures
Date Revision subject

Issue no. 1 21/11/2012 First Issue
Issue no. 2 27/11/2012 Second Issue
Issue no. 3
Issue no. 1 Written by Signature
Dinesh Kumar Prasad
Checked by Signature
Claude Audrac
Validated by Signature
Anand Pandey
Chapter Page Modification
CERTIFICATION
We, M/s SYSTRA S.A., hereby certify that this report has been checked and approved in accordance
with the DDCs approved Quality Assurance Plan.
Signature:
DDCs Project Principal
Jean Pierre BERGOEND
Document Reference: CCDD-1R TDR UG0 STR REP 00082 R2

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01/12/2012 DELHI METRO PROJECT - LINE 7

Detailed Design Consultant CCDD-1R
Design Basis Report
TABLE OF CONTENT
1. PREAMBLE ....................................................................................... 8
1.1 Brief Presentation of Mukundpur to Yamuna Vihar Corridor Project.............. 8
1.2 Scope and aim ............................................................................ 8
2. STRUCTURAL ISSUES .......................................................................... 9
2.1 Units ........................................................................................ 9
2.2 Construction Tolerances ................................................................. 9
2.3 Materials Parameters .................................................................... 9
2.3.1 Cement ...................................................................................................... 9
2.3.2 Concrete..................................................................................................... 9
2.3.3 Cover Requirements for 120 years durability of structures ........................................ 10
2.3.4 Density...................................................................................................... 11
2.3.5 Poissons Ratio ............................................................................................ 11
2.3.6 Thermal Expansion Coefficient ......................................................................... 11
2.3.7 Youngs Modulus .......................................................................................... 11
2.3.8 Modular Ratio ............................................................................................. 11
2.4 Reinforcement ........................................................................... 11

2.4.1 Youngs Modulus: ......................................................................................... 12
2.4.2 Yield Stress: ............................................................................................... 12
2.4.3 Diameters [in mm]: ....................................................................................... 12
2.4.4 Density:..................................................................................................... 12
2.5 Structural Steel .......................................................................... 12

2.5.1 General ..................................................................................................... 12
2.6 Fire Resistance Design Requirements ................................................. 12

2.7 Crack Width .............................................................................. 12
2.7.1 Flexural Cracking ......................................................................................... 13
2.7.2 Early age Thermal and Shrinkage Cracking............................................................ 13
3. LOADS AND REQUIREMENTS ................................................................. 15

3.1 General ................................................................................... 15
3.2 Nominal Loads ........................................................................... 15
3.3 Design Loads ............................................................................. 16
3.3.1 Dead Loads ................................................................................................. 16
3.3.2 Superimposed Dead Loads and Imposed (Live) Load ................................................. 16
3.3.3 Railway Loads ............................................................................................. 17
3.3.4 Wind load .................................................................................................. 19
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Design Basis Report
3.3.5 Temperature............................................................................................... 19
3.3.6 Seismic Loads .............................................................................................. 20
A. Dynamic Earth pressure method ........................................................................... 21
B. Free Field deformation Method ............................................................................ 21
3.3.7 Construction/Erection.................................................................................... 22
3.3.8 Shrinkage and Creep ...................................................................................... 22
3.3.9 Differential Settlement. ................................................................................. 23
3.3.10 Earth Pressure.......................................................................................... 23
3.3.11 Surcharge ............................................................................................... 23
3.3.12 Groundwater ........................................................................................... 23
3.3.13 Air Pressure............................................................................................. 24
3.4 Loading Combinations .................................................................. 24

3.4.1 Service Limit State (SLS) ................................................................................. 24
3.4.2 Ultimate Limit State (ULS) .............................................................................. 24
3.5 Deflection Criteria ...................................................................... 24

3.5.1 Vertical Deflection Limits ............................................................................... 24
3.6 Design Groundwater Levels ............................................................ 25

3.6.1 Flotation ................................................................................................... 25
4. CUT AND COVER STRUCTURES .............................................................. 27

4.1 General Principles ....................................................................... 27
4.2 Design Principles ....................................................................... 28
4.3 Excavation Support ...................................................................... 29
4.4 Design Life and Serviceability ......................................................... 30
4.4.1 General ..................................................................................................... 30
4.4.2 Civil Engineering Structures ............................................................................. 31
4.4.3 Road Pavements ........................................................................................... 31
4.4.4 Serviceability of Civil and Building Works ............................................................ 31
4.5 Civil Design Works ....................................................................... 32

4.5.1 Excavation Base Stability ................................................................................ 32
4.5.2 Waterproofing ............................................................................................. 32
4.5.3 Water Control in Excavations ........................................................................... 32
4.5.4 Underpinning of Existing Building Structures (EBS) .................................................. 33
4.6 Temporary Works ........................................................................ 33

4.6.1 General Principles ........................................................................................ 33
4.6.2 Design of Temporary Excavation Support ............................................................. 33
4.6.3 Ground Movements ....................................................................................... 34
4.6.4 Construction Dewatering ................................................................................ 34
4.6.5 Ground Improvement ..................................................................................... 35
4.7 Connection Details ...................................................................... 35

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Design Basis Report
4.7.1 Corners ..................................................................................................... 35

4.7.2 Construction Joints ....................................................................................... 35
4.7.3 Slab to Wall Connections ................................................................................ 35
4.7.4 Connections between Bored and Cut-and-Cover Structures ........................................ 36
4.8 Instrumentation .......................................................................... 36

5. LIST OF DESIGN CODES AND STANDARDS.................................................. 38
5.1 Codes And Standards .................................................................... 38
A list of codes and Standards / Specifications is given for reference only. ................................ 38
5.1.1 Indian Railway Standards (IRS) .......................................................................... 38
5.1.2 Indian Road Congress Standards (IRC).................................................................. 38
5.1.3 Bureau of Indian Standards Codes and special publications ........................................ 39
5.1.4 Bureau of Indian Standards Codes and special publications ........................................ 40
5.1.5 AASHTO Standards ........................................................................................ 41
5.1.6 BS Standards ............................................................................................... 41
5.1.7 Other Publications ........................................................................................ 42
5.1.8 Swedish standard 05 5900 ............................................................................... 43
5.1.9 International Tunnel Association ....................................................................... 43
6. ANNEXURE A ( LOAD COMBINATION) ....................................................... 44

7. ANNEXURE B (GUIDELINES FOR SELECTION OF GEOTECHNICAL PARAMETERS) .................. 48
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Design Basis Report
ABBREVIATIONS
DMRC Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited
EDMS Electronic Document Management System
EL Elevated (Package, Station or Section)
UG Underground (Package, Station or Section)
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Design Basis Report
DEFINITIONS
Project DMRC Contract:CCDD-1R
Delhi Metro Project Line-7
Cast in situ Wall made of plain concrete or reinforced concrete, which is
concrete constructed in a trench excavated in the ground. The
Diaphragm wall concrete is placed through concreting pipes, beneath the
supporting fluid in the case of liquid-supported trenches or in
some cases, in dry conditions.
Panel Section of a diaphragm wall which is concreted as a single
unit. A diaphragm panel may be linear, T-shaped, L-shaped,
or of other configuration.
Guide-walls Small, parallel temporary walls which are used to provide a

guide for the excavating tool and to secure the sides of the
trench against collapse in the vicinity of the fluctuating level
of the supporting fluid.
Supporting fluid Fluid used during excavation to support the sides of the
trench. It is usually a bentonite suspension or a polymer
solution.
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Design Basis Report
1. PREAMBLE
1.1 Brief Presentation of Mukundpur to Yamuna Vihar Corridor Project
After the realization of the first two phases of Delhi Metro, DMRC has started the
development of its 3rd Phase. Line 7 Corridor project from Mukundpur to Yamuna Vihar
is part of this 3rd phase.
This report highlights the structural design basis for stations on underground section.
1.2 Scope and aim
This Design Basis defines the structural design assumptions for Underground Station /
Cut & Cover portion, as described above.
The aim is to collect in a unique document for all the design input and procedures to
be employed for the calculation and design of underground structures.
The report gives the basis for calculations including the applicable codes and
standards, the material properties, the design method, the loading to be taken into
account and the considered load combinations.
The present document will be used as reference for the future calculation notes and
structural drawings.
It should be adopted in conjunction with the Geotechnical Interpretative Report
specific for each Underground structure.
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Design Basis Report
2. STRUCTURAL ISSUES
2.1 Units
The main units used for design will be: [t], [m], [mm], [kN], [KN/m2], [MPa], [C],
[rad]
2.2 Construction Tolerances
Due allowance will be made for tolerances in construction of the diaphragm walls.
Minimum distance between guide walls wall thickness +25mm

Maximum distance between guide walls wall thickness +50mm
Verticality of wall within 1/200
Protrusions beyond wall face 0
The diaphragm walls will be set out on the drawings so that the inside faces of the
diaphragm walls, at platform level, will not intrude into the station further than the
back of the cavity shown on the architects drawings. The tolerances for other
members shall be as per contract specifications.
2.3 Materials Parameters
2.3.1 Cement
As per Contract specifications.
2.3.2 Concrete
The characteristic strengths (fck) and the corresponding mechanical

characteristics necessary for design as per requirements for 120 years of design
life of structures are indicated in Table 1 here below:-
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Design Basis Report
Table 1:
Characteristics of main construction Materials (structural elements in contact with non
aggressive soil of Delhi )
S. Structural Components Grade of W/C Minimum
No. concrete Cment
(cube) Content
(Kg/m3)
1 Inner slabs, beams & M35 0.4 400
columns
2 Outer slabs M35 0.4 400
3 Outer cast-in-situ walls M35 0.4 400
against form work
4 Diaphragm walls M35 0.4 400
Characteristics of main construction Materials (structural elements in contact with Nallah

Water )
S. Structural Components Grade of W/C Minimum
No. concrete Cement
(cube) Content
1 Outer slabs M45 0.4 400
2 Outer cast-in-situ walls M45 0.4 400
against form work
3 Diaphragm walls M45 0.4 400
2.3.3 Cover Requirements for 120 years durability of structures
A.) For Underground structural elements in contact with non aggressive soil of
Delhi
S. Structural Components Nominal
No. Cover
(mm)
1 Inner slabs, beams & 50
columns
2 Outer slabs 50
3 Outer cast-in-situ walls 50
against form work
4 Diaphragm walls 75
B.) For Underground structural elements in contact with Nallah water

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Design Basis Report
S. Structural Components Nominal

No. Cover
(mm)
1 Outer slabs 65
2 Outer cast-in-situ walls 65
against form work
3 Diaphragm walls 90
Nominal cover : Clear cover to any Reinforcement
2.3.4 Density
- 25 kN/m3 for reinforced concrete

- 24 kN/m3 for plain concrete
- Actual density to be validated as per actual mix design
2.3.5 Poissons Ratio
- Poissons ratio for all concrete: 0.15
2.3.6 Thermal Expansion Coefficient
- As per cl. 6.2.6 of IS : 456
2.3.7 Youngs Modulus
Instantaneous modulus (E) is taken as per clause 6.2.3.1 of IS 456:2000

E =5000 (fck) ^0.5
Where, fck is the Characteristic Compressive Strength of 150mm Cube at 28
days.
2.3.8 Modular Ratio
Modular ratio for all concrete grades shall be taken as per Annex B of IS:456.
2.4 Reinforcement
Only thermo-mechanically treated reinforcement bars of grade Fe500D with

minimum total elongation of 14.5% conforming to IS 1786 shall be adopted.
However, for design of shear stirrups strength parameters of Fe415 only shall
be considered.
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Design Basis Report
2.4.1 Youngs Modulus:
- E = 200,000 MPa
2.4.2 Yield Stress:
- fy = 500 MPa
2.4.3 Diameters [in mm]:
8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 25, 28, 32 & 36
2.4.4 Density:
- 78.5 kN/m3
2.5 Structural Steel
2.5.1 General
1) Design of Structural steelwork shall comply with IS 800.

2) Two types of structural steel to be used and shall comply with the
following standards:
a) IS: 4923-1997 Hollow steel sections for structural use with Yst
310
b) IS: 2062-2006 Steel for General Structural Purposes (Grade B-
Designation 410-B)
2.6 Fire Resistance Design Requirements
A nominal cover of 50 mm shall be required for four hours of fire resistance as

per IS and NBC codes. The main reinforcement shall be placed on second layer
as it shall provide a high level of security against fire.
Additional measures to be provided as per cl. 21.3.1 of IS 456, to give
protection against spalling of concrete.
2.7 Crack Width
All structural concrete elements shall be designed to prevent excessive

cracking due to flexure, early age thermal and shrinkage. The maximum crack
widths shall be as specified below.
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Design Basis Report
2.7.1 Flexural Cracking
Formulae for Flexural crack width shall be as mentioned in Annex F of IS

456:2000. The limits specified shall apply irrespective of whether any
additional protection, such as waterproofing membrane are provided to the
members at the exposed face of the structure.
2.7.2 Early age Thermal and Shrinkage Cracking
1. Suitable reinforcement shall be designed to prevent early age thermal and

shrinkage cracking for walls and slabs more than 250 millimetres thick and
subjected to internal and external restraints during construction. The
thermal and shrinkage strains due to early age temperature differences and
shrinkage shall be accounted for in the design of reinforcement for
cracking.
2. It is preferred that smaller diameter bars in any direction are placed at
closer intervals to prevent early age thermal and shrinkage cracks. The
limits specified below shall be imposed. Guidance can be sought from CIRIA
C660-2007 on Early Age Thermal Control of Concrete.
3. Minimum reinforcement shall be higher of:
a. 0.125% of cross-sectional area of structural member on each face in
each direction.
b. Reinforcement required as per Early Age Thermal (EAT) control of
concrete.
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Design Basis Report
Table 2.2 Cover and crack width criteria (for 120 years durability of structures)
C.) For Underground structural elements in contact with non aggressive soil of
Delhi
S. Structural Nominal Cover for
No. Components Cover crack width
(mm) check from
any
reinforcement
1 Inner slabs, beams & 50 40
columns
2 Outer slabs 50 40
3 Outer cast-in-situ 50 40
walls against form
work
4 Diaphragm walls 75 40
D.) For Underground structural elements in contact with Nallah water

S. Structural Nominal Cover for
No. Components Cover crack width
(mm) check from
any
reinforcement
1 Outer slabs 65 40
2 Outer cast-in-situ 65 40
walls against form
work
3 Diaphragm walls 90 40
C.) Permissible crack width

1. For Members in Contact with Soil: -
0.2mm for soil face
0.3 mm for inner face
2. For Members not in Contact with Soil: -

0.3 mm
3. For Water Tanks: -

0.2 mm
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Design Basis Report
3. LOADS AND REQUIREMENTS
3.1 General
Unless specified otherwise the design of concrete and steel elements shall
conform to IS 456 and IS 800, respectively.
3.2 Nominal Loads
For the purpose of computing stresses and deformations, the following

minimum load types and consequential effects shall be taken into account as
applicable.
Dead loads (including notional
DL
loads)
Superimposed Dead loads SIDL
Imposed (Live) loads LL

Railway loads RL
Fatigue FG
Dynamic DY
Derailment DR
Wind Loads WL
Temperature loads TE
Seismic Loads EQ
Construction/Erection ER
Shrinkage SH
Creep CP
Movement/ Distortion MD
Earth Pressure EP
Surcharge SR
Hydrostatic WP
Accidental AC
Redundancy R
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Design Basis Report
3.3 Design Loads
Design shall include all of the following loads:
3.3.1 Dead Loads
Self weight of the materials shall be calculated in accordance with IS 875:1987

Part 1.
3.3.2 Superimposed Dead Loads and Imposed (Live) Load
The minimum distributed and concentrated loads shall be in accordance with
Table 2.3, and Contract specifications.
Table 2.3: Superimposed Dead Loads (SIDL) & Imposed (Live) Loads
Superimposed Dead Load Imposed Load
Description Finishes Partitions Ceiling& U.D.L. Concentrate
(kN/m2) (kN/m2) Services (kN/m2) d Load
(kN/m2) (Note2 & 3)
Station
Concourse Area 2.4(Note 5) 1.0(Note 6) 1.0(Note 5.0(Note 1) 15.0
6)
Platform Area 2.4(Note 5) 1.0(Note 6) - 5.0(Note 1) 15.0
Track (Note 10) Refer Section 3.3.3
Stairs and 1.2(Note 4) - 1.0(Note 5.0(Note 1) 15.0
Landings 6)
General Plant 1.0(Note
Rooms, Pump 2.4(Note 5) - 7.5(Note 7) 22.5
6)
Room
General Office 2.4(Note 5) 1.0(Note 6) 1.0(Note 2.5 7.5
Staff Rooms 2.4(Note 5) - 6)
1.0(Note 2.5 7.5
Toilets, 6)
1.0(Note
2.4(Note 5) 1.0(Note 6) 2.5 7.5
changing Room 6)
Store 2.4(Note 5) - 1.0(Note 5.0 15.0
Water Tank, 2.4(Note 5) - - 20.0/ Water -
Fire Tank Height+0.3 m
Chiller Rooms 2.4(Note 5) - 1.0(Note 10.0(Note 7) (Note 7)
Transformer 6)
1.0(Note 10.0/15.0/20.
2.4(Note 5) - (Note 7)
Rooms, Sub stn 6) 0(Note 7)
Switch Gear 2.4(Note 5) - 1.0(Note 7.5 (Note 7) 10.0
Plant Room 6)
1.0(Note Soil Load+
Roof Slab - - -
6) 20(Note 9)
Notes:
1. Stairs and landings to be designed for the same load as the floors to which
they give access with a minimum of 2.5 kN/m2 and a maximum of 10 kN/m2.
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Design Basis Report
2. Concentrated loads act on a square of 300 mm each side.

3. As specified or wall loads in accordance with layout in architectural plan,
whichever is greater.
4. All loads are unfactored.
5. Minimum of 100 mm thick screed on top, unit weight of 24 kN/m3.
6. As specified above or the imposed load from services fixed to the underside
of floor whichever is greater.
7. The design loads shall be actual plant/equipment loads or the ones
specified above, whichever is maximum. For seismic design plate/machinery
loading shall be considered as Super Imposed Dead Load.
8. Backfill / Earth Load Shall be calculated for the available soil depth for a
unit weight of soil of 20 kN/m3.
9. Allowance for Live Load surcharge as 20 kN/m2.
10. The Construction load on concourse level shall be minimum 10 kN/m2.
11. The Track loads due to:
a) Track work - UIC rails and other fittings and accessories.
b) Track bed - RCC blocks or concrete pour or precast slabs in RCC with inserts
and fittings in case of unballasted track (450 to 600 mm thick) or PSC
sleepers over 250/300 mm of ballast for ballasted track.
c) Other loads - : as per Indian Railway Standards (IRS) and Bureau of Indian
Standards (BIS)
3.3.3 Railway Loads
3.3.3.1 Vertical Train Live Load
The Train Live Load for Mukundpur-Yamuna Vihar Corridor will have the following
axle configuration
a b c b a
22100mm-one car
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Design Basis Report
All axle loads = 17 tons

Maximum number of successive cars = 6
Configuration (alternative -1)
a = 2250 mm
b = 2500 mm
c = 12600 mm (2a+2b+c - 22100 mm)

Configuration (alternative - 2)
a = 2605 mm
b = 2290 mm
c = 12310 mm (2a+2b+c = 22100 mm)
Maximum number of axles shall be loaded on the station to arrive at maximum

longitudinal force, max shear and max BM. Since both the tracks shall be supported
by single slab, hence superstructure and substructure shall be checked for one track
loaded condition as well as both tracks loaded condition.
* Details shown above are indicative only. Actual details of the Rolling stock and
actual axle load to be obtained from DMRC.
3.3.3.2 Horizontal Train Live Load
Braking load is taken as 18% of the unfactored vertical loads.
Traction load is taken as 20% of the unfactored vertical loads.
3.3.3.3 Footpath Live Load
Footpath live load shall be adopted as 5.0 kN/m2.
3.3.3.4 Fatigue
The nominal loading for the design of members in accordance with fatigue
requirements shall comprise trains with six individual cars each having four
axles, the axle loads and vehicle lengths as specified in 3.3.3.1.
Fatigue load histories shall be evaluated to provide valid and representative
design spectra, with stress histories analysed by the rain flow or equivalent
method, both in conjunction with the projected annual tonnages of rail
traffic per track. The provisions of BS 5400 Part 10 Clause 9.3.3 or other
relevant methods may be used as a rigorous method of evaluation of
compliance with fatigue criteria.
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Design Basis Report
3.3.3.5 Dynamic
Impact factor of longitudinal analysis shall be 1.2 white for transverse

analysis the same shall be 1.67
Dynamic loading shall not be applied to piles, pile caps, centrifugal loads or
braking/traction loads.
3.3.3.6 Derailment
As per latest Design Code ACI 358.1R-92, for derailment check, derailment
load corresponds to the application of 50% of one coach weight, applied
horizontally as a 5m long uniform impact load on the track slab top flange.
This DR load corresponds to an ULS load. For SLS combinations, a 1/1.75
coefficient shall be applied to the DR load.
The adjacent structures are to be protected by direct means (e.g.
strengthening) or indirect means (e.g. repositioning rail alignments or
providing barriers) to ensure these structures are still functional after an
impact occurs. It is required to mitigate impact effects on elements that
may be adversely affected without enhancements.
3.3.4 Wind load
For underground structure wind shall not be used.

For above ground structures, the wind loads will be taken as per IS: 875-1987
Part 3. Wind loads and Seismic Forces are not considered to act
simultaneously. The value of wind load is worked out based upon IS: 875 (Part
3)-1987 which is as follows:
Wind velocity at height Vz = Vb.K1.K2.K3

Where
Vb (m/s): Regional basic wind speed, taken 47 m/s for Delhi.
K1: Probability factor, considered 1.07
K2: Terrain height and structure size factor, considered 1.03
K3: Topography factor, considered 1.00
Vz = 47 * 1.07 * 1.03* 1.0 = 51.79 m/sec

and, corresponding wind pressure, Pz = 0.6 Vz2 = 0.6*(51.79)2 N/m2 =1609
N/m2~161 kg/sqm.
3.3.5 Temperature
For underground structure temperature shall not be used.

For above ground structure:
Structure will be checked for overall temperature variations of (As per
IS: 875 (part 5)-1987):-
- Considering long term youngs modulus of concrete = 25 oC.
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Design Basis Report
- Considering short term youngs modulus of concrete = 12.5 oC.
As per clause 6.2.4.1 of IS 456:2000, the total shrinkage strain for

design = 0.0003.
Equivalent temperature Strain (0.0003) = Equivalent temp.
1.17x10-5
Equivalent temp = 0.0003/1.17x10-5 = 25.64 oC.
- Considering long term youngs modulus of concrete = - 25.64 oC.

- Considering short term youngs modulus of concrete = - 12.82 oC.
3.3.6 Seismic Loads
Seismic effect shall be considered on all structure.

The zonal demarcations for levels of seismicity shall be evaluated as per IS
1893- 2002. Where two or more zones are deemed to act on a structure, the
more onerous level of compliance shall be used.
For above ground structures, the structural loads can be directly evaluated
using a dynamic lateral force (response-spectra) approach. The structure is
required to be evaluated as an important service and community building
for the purpose of functional use as stated in IS 1893:2002. The effects of
load changes and deformation as a result of soil behaviour (e.g.
liquefaction) shall be allowed for in the assessment and design,
3.3.6.1 Seismic design for above-ground structures
The seismic aspects will be as per IS: 1893 (Part 1-2002). The project site
falls in Zone IV. Ductile detailing shall be as per IS13920 & IS4326.
As per clause 6.4.2 of IS: 1893 (Part 1-2002), the design horizontal seismic
coefficient Ah for a structure shall be determined by the following
expression:
Z I Sa
Ah =
2 R g
Where,
- Zone factor (Z) = 0.24
- Importance factor (I) = 1.5
- Response reduction factor (R) = 5.0 (As per Table 7 for ductile detailing as
per IS 4326 or IS 13920)
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Design Basis Report
Percentage of Live Load to be considered in seismic weight calculation

Type of live load Longitudinal Direction Transverse Direction
2
Imposed Load 3.0 kN/m 25% 25%
2
Imposed Load > 3.0 kN/m 50% 50%
Vertical Seismic coefficient (Av)
As per clause 6.4.5 of IS: 1893 (Part 1-2002), the vertical seismic coefficient
will be taken as 2/3rd of the design horizontal seismic coefficient.
As per clause 7.12.2.2 of IS: 1893 (Part 1-2002), all Cantilever horizontal
projections shall be designed and checked for stability for 5 times the
design vertical seismic coefficient.
3.3.6.2 Seismic design for underground structures
Below mentioned are the method of analysis , Design and Detailings :
A. Dynamic Earth pressure method
Morobe Okabe method

The dynamic earth pressure method, originally developed for aboveground retaining
structures . Its application is recommended in the seismic design of UG structures
built with very small backfill cover, and those with structural characteristics that
resemble the open U section
B. Free Field deformation Method
Pertinent to a cut and cover tunnel and underground station box structure that is
flexible relative to its surrounding medium, such as all tunnels in rock and most
tunnels in soils. In the present Delhi UG tunnel case, it is reasonable to assume that
the tunnel deforms according to its surrounding mediums.
During earthquakes a rectangular box structure in soil or in rock will experience
transverse racking deformation (sideways motion) due to shear distortion of the
ground. The racking effect on the structure is similar to that of an unbalanced
loading condition.
The recommended Free Field deformation / Raking Method to be used for cut and
cover tunnel and underground station box structure shall be as per paper Seismic
Design and Analysis of Underground Structures by Youssef M.A Hashash, Jeffrey J
Hook, Birger Schmidt & John I-Chiang Yao.
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Design Basis Report
Based on Ref : IS 1893 only for PGA values and Load combination
Load Combinations for ODE :
Design Value 1 = 1.5 * (DL +EP+ IL)

Design Value 2 = 1.2 * (DL +EP+ IL +/- EL)
Design Value 3 = 1.5 * (DL +EP+/- EL)
Design Value 4 = 0.9 *DL +0.9EP+/- 1.5 * EL
PGA for ODE : 0.24 g
If the strength criteria expressed by equations above can be satisfied based on

elastic structural analysis i.e the structure has adequate strength capacity according
to loading combination criteria for ODE , the design is considered satisfactory under
. However, ductile detailing provisions are certainly required.
Ductile Detailing
In view of the non-availability of any specific codal provisions on Ductile Detailing of
underground Structures, it is proposed that IS 13920 : Ductile Detailing of Reinforced
Concrete structures subjected to Seismic Forces may be used.
The outer slabs & walls of Cut & Cover RCC Box structures are primarily flexural
members and accordingly; in general, section 6.0 of IS 13920 shall be applicable.
However, for Internal Columns, Beams and Slabs respective sections of the code shall
be applied.
3.3.7 Construction/Erection
The weight of all permanent and temporary materials together with all other forces
and effects which can operate on any part of structure during construction shall be
taken into account. Allowances shall be made in the permanent design for locked-
in stresses caused in any member during construction.
3.3.8 Shrinkage and Creep
Provisions shall be made for the effects of shrinkage and creep within
concrete structures. This includes interface shear transfer mechanisms as a
result of differential creep and residual shrinkage effects from staged
casting of concrete elements. The shrinkage and creep strains shall be
included in calculation of long term deflection of all structural elements in
accordance with Annexure C of IS 456-2000 and the limits specified in
Section 2.8 shall be applied.
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3.3.9 Differential Settlement.
Consideration of the forces resulting from differential settlement shall be

made where the nature of the chosen foundation system and the ground
conditions indicate that such a condition may arise but not more than:
10 mm Long Term Settlement
5 mm Short Term Settlement
3.3.10 Earth Pressure
Underground vertical elements that are in direct contact with the ground
shall be designed as permanent retaining walls to resist the lateral earth
pressure. The Contractor shall deduce the earth pressure coefficients based
on his geotechnical investigations.
3.3.11 Surcharge
Following building/ traffic surcharge shall be adopted in the design:

A vehicular Live Load surcharge of 20 kN/m2 shall be adopted for all
underground structures.
For existing buildings and other existing structures occupying areas around
the excavation, detailed assessments based on building and foundation
type, and loading are to be carried out to determine the applied loads and
other impacts of such building loads on the proposed structures, For future
buildings or planned infrastructure, the appropriate authorities and
Employers Representative shall be consulted for details.
However, in general the minimum building load surcharge of 50 kN/m2 shall
be adopted. In case, the actual building load surcharge exceeds 50 kN/m2
the actual value is to be considered.
3.3.12 Groundwater
Loads due to water pressure shall be calculated using a unit weight of 10

kN/m3.
The level of water table for permanent structure shall be adopted as +4.0m
above the highest recorded water table in last 20 Yrs from CWC.
Should liquefaction of soils be a potential risk then the design water table
level for permanent structures shall include layers affected by liquefaction
if this is above the design groundwater levels. The effects of temporary
drawdown, seepage and base heave effects shall be considered in design of
the temporary works, and catered for in the permanent works if there is a
locked-in effect from carry-over forces. The extent of the temporary
walls shall be sufficient to mitigate the effects of such loads during
construction. The effects of flotation loads shall be allowed for in the
design both in the temporary and permanent design stages. The proposed
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structures (primarily the stations) may act as obstructions to groundwater

movement.
3.3.13 Air Pressure
From Trains entering and leaving stations

1.5 kPa at tunnel entrance and through platform
1.5 kPa in tunnel ventilation shafts and platforms
0.5 kPa elsewhere
3.4 Loading Combinations
The load combinations should be used for design of underground

structures are presented in Annexure A.
Same load factors stated above for design of permanent works should
be considered for the design of temporary works also. However for
seismic design additional combinations as stated in 3.3.6.2 above in
the report should also be taken into account.
3.4.1 Service Limit State (SLS)
A design criterion for SLS checking shall be as per IS456:2000, Section 5.
3.4.2 Ultimate Limit State (ULS)
A design criterion for ULS checking shall be as per IS456:2000, Section 5.
3.5 Deflection Criteria
The deflection limitations imposed in IS 456 and IS 800 shall be followed for
Concrete and Structural Steel elements respectively.
3.5.1 Vertical Deflection Limits
The deflection of a structure or part thereof shall not adversely affect the
appearance or efficiency of the structure or finishes or partitions. The
deflection shall be limited to the following.
a) Diaphragm wall
The maximum allowed calculated displacement for diaphragm wall in urban
environment will be 35 mm corresponding to 25 mm vertical displacement at
ground.
According to CIRIA C517 (Temporary Propping of Deep Excavation Guidance
on design, 1999), the comparative wall and ground movements of propped
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walls in deep uniform soils are as shown in the figure below (after Burland et
al., 1979).
Hence, if
V2 = 25mm (permissile vertical displacement in adjacent buildings),
H
2 = 30 - 40 mm
Anyway, a detailed analysis of the induced effects on buildings will have to be

performed depending on their vulnerability. Accordingly, displacement for
Diaphragm wall shall be limited.
b) Concrete structures
The final deflection due to all loads including the effects of temperature,
creep and shrinkage and measured from the as-cast level of the, supports of
floors, roofs and all other horizontal members, should not exceed span/250.
The deflection including the effects of temperature, creep and shrinkage
occurring after erection of partitions and the application of finishes should
not normally exceed span/350 or 20 millimetres whichever is less.
c) Steel structures
Designs shall comply with the limits defined in IS 800.
3.6 Design Groundwater Levels
The groundwater levels to be assumed in design for the Construction,

Service/Operation
Construction Groundwater level at measured maximum elevation
Service/Operation Groundwater level + 4.0 m above the maximum water

level of last 20 years from CWC
3.6.1 Flotation
1. Flotation shall be checked considering water table at ground level.
2. For protection against flotation the following shall apply.
a. A load factor of 0.9 shall be applied to the self-weight of the
structure, including the first stage only of the track concrete.
b. A load factor of 1.0 shall be applied to the weight of backfill material
over the structure.
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Design Basis Report
c. A load factor of 0.5 shall be applied to the skin friction between the
concrete surface and the soil.
d. The overall factor of safety against flotation shall not be less than 1.1
for any of the conditions defined above.
3. The Contractor shall check all proposed cut-and-cover structures for the
possibility of flotation due to differential water pressure and shall design
each and every underground structure such that the factors of safety
against flotation are achieved for all load cases.
4. The Contractor shall ensure that his method and sequence of
construction is such that an adequate resistance to uplift is maintained
at all times, and shall put forward his proposal to this effect.
5. Suitable measures such as those listed below to counteract flotation
forces for the Permanent Works shall be incorporated in the
Contractors design. The measure(s) chosen shall suit the particular
conditions and the method of construction:
a. Toeing-in of the base slab into the surrounding ground.
b. Increasing the dead weight of the structure by:
i) Thickening of structural members; providing an extra thickness of
concrete beneath the base slab tied into the structural base slab;
ii) Extending the excavation support walls;
iii) Providing counterweights in parts of the structure with high density
material;
iv) Providing tension piles.
6. Where the base slab is toed-in to the surrounding ground a partial safety
factor of 2.0 shall be applied to the shear resistance of the ground
above the toe and the adhesion factor shall not apply. The value of the
weight of ground above the toe shall be calculated as for the backfill
material.
7. The value of the weight of any additional thickness of concrete shall
take account of the increased volume of water displaced.
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4. CUT AND COVER STRUCTURES
4.1 General Principles
1. Cut-and-cover structures include UG station, station entrances/exits, vent

shafts, Foot over bridge, utility duct, OTE DUCT, Cut & Cover Box tunnels,
Cut & Construct Open U Ramp structures linking with Elevated Ramps and
the like other than bored tunnels that are required to be constructed
below ground surface under this Contract.
2. The cut-and-cover structure is proposed to be a rigid box section with
permanent walls as external wall support system and beam-slab & column
forming the internal structural framing. The roof slab shall support the soil
and vehicular surcharge while the passenger and plant loads are carried by
the concourse slab. The track and platform loads shall be supported by
the base slab. The permanent walls shall resist the lateral earth and
hydrostatic pressures in addition to the surcharge.
3. The completed stations, station entrances, vent shafts shall comply with
Contract water-tightness criteria.
4. Where temporary walls are intended as part of the Permanent Works, the
Contractor shall justify the feasibility and suitability of such to the
Employers Representative.
5. The Contractor shall take into account the following in the design of his
cut-and cover structures.
a) Method of construction, including temporary works and construction
sequence.
b) Ground/structure interaction, including the effects of temporary
works.
c) Ground pressure, shear force and bending moment distribution during
construction and in the long-term.
d) Short- and long-term ground and groundwater response.
e) Other static loads changes such as; excavation, surcharge, traffic
loadings and the like.
f) Long-term surface water level changes dynamic (such as seismic or
vibratory plant) loads and displacements.
6. For the purposes of assessing ground and groundwater pressures during
service stage, the cut-and cover structures shall be considered to be
effectively impermeable rigid box structures subject to at rest (Ko)
earth pressure.
7. The Contractor shall design to minimize the effects (such as movement,
distortion of the ground and the like) on all Existing Building Structure
(EBS) that may be affected by the Works. Where necessary the Contractor
shall provide additional support for these EBS.
8. Temporary ground support shall be designed in accordance with the
requirements of the Contract.
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4.2 Design Principles
1. The design of all cut-and-cover structures shall take into account, but not
be limited to the following:
a) The variation in ground conditions along the alignment.
b) The variation in engineering properties of soil or rock within the
influence of the proposed works.
c) All dewatering and groundwater cut-off systems required to maintain
dry and stable conditions within all excavations required for these
Works.
d) Any ground treatment before, during or after construction of the
Works (e.g. groundwater recharge) which is required to stabilise the
ground and EBS in order to minimise adjacent ground and EBS
movement and distortion.
e) Methods by which the completed structure shall be secured against
flotation. Any temporary dewatering system shall not be turned off
unless the structure will not be subject to leakage or flotation when
the ground water returns to the design levels.
f) Differential groundwater pressures: - Drawdown of the groundwater
levels outside the station and cut and cover tunnel walls shall be
limited to no more than 2 metres from the existing average
groundwater level. In general, groundwater levels interior to
construction excavations shall not be depressed more than 1.0m below
final subgrade level.
g) Methods of waterproofing the completed structure.
h) The magnitude of ground and EBS movements and distortions, and
changes in loading conditions on these EBS that might be expected as a
result of the works and how these will be mitigated so as to comply
with any imposed constraints or so as to minimise disturbance to these
EBS.
i) Any difficulties that the Contractors intended plant might meet with in
respect of access, clearances, working space and obstruction to
excavation.
j) Maintenance of traffic flows along roads including access to adjoining
properties and roads.
k) Noise levels produced during construction, and subsequent operation
of the railway.
l) Control of heave, swell, piping and instability of the excavations.
m) The effects of vibration and vibration induced movements e.g.
earthquake.
2. The following methods of construction shall be used either individually or

in combination depending upon the particular requirements of the
location, size and type of structure.
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Design Basis Report
a) Diaphragm Walls - Particular attention shall be paid to the wall and

panel alignment, the stability of excavation, the mix and condition of
the slurry, placement of the reinforcement cage, methods for forming
and locating box-outs, waterproofing of the vertical panel joints,
placement of concrete, and the overall integrity and water-tightness
of the formed wall.
b) Secant Piles/Sheet Piles/Soldier Piles and Horizontal Planks - Particular
attention shall be paid to the construction/installation of the piles and
ground support systems to ensure their integrity and water-tightness
and to provide adequate support to the ground during excavation.
3. Diaphragm walling is the preferred support method for the TBM Shafts,
end zone deeper section of UG station close to sensitive structures, Cut &
Cover Box tunnel excavations at large to medium depths close to existing
structures.
4. Soldier Pile wall/ Bored Pile wall methods of support may be used for the
other medium excavations such as middle zone of UG station, Cut & Cover
tunnel, entrances/exits, utilities and services.
5. Sheet Pile wall methods of support may be used for the other shallow
excavations such as open U Ramp, shafts utilities and services.
4.3 Excavation Support
1) General
a) The Contractor shall prepare and submit to the Employers
Representative for his notice a detailed Design Report including
calculations schedules and drawings for each proposed excavation
support wall construction, prior to the commencement of any such
works. This Design Report shall take into account but not be limited to
the following:
i) Earth pressure.
ii) Hydrostatic pressure.
iii) Deck load
iv) Surcharge loads.
v) Seismic and/or vibratory loads
vi) Support types and arrangement.
vii) Any other incidental load.
viii)Construction/deconstruction sequence.
ix) Calculated ground and adjacent EBS movements and distortions.
x) Calculated fluctuations in groundwater levels both within and outside
of the excavation and support walls.
xi) Calculated changes in EBS loading conditions.
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2) Method Statement
a) The Contractor shall prepare a Method Statement giving the full details
of materials, plant and operations involved in the construction of
excavation support walls. This Method Statement shall be incorporated
into the Design Report submission for the Employers Representatives
notice and shall include but not be limited to the following details:
i) Formation of the joints between panels and installation of water
stops.
ii) Method of producing the durable concrete.
iii) Methods of handing within the excavations and disposing of
groundwater outside of the excavations.
iv) Sequence of excavation and concreting of panels.
v) Methods of instrumenting, monitoring and reporting of the
performance of all adjacent EBS that may be affected by the works.
vi) Methods of instrumenting, monitoring and reporting on the
performance of the excavation support walls.
vii) Type and construction of permanent lining wall.
viii) Emergency procedures to be implemented in the event that
monitoring indicates tolerances associated with the excavation
support wall may be exceeded.
b) Where temporary ground support is to be provided using bentonite
slurry, the following additional information shall be provided in the
Method Statement for these works.
i) Mixing, transporting and placing equipment for the bentonite slurry.
ii) Method of disposal of contaminated bentonite slurry.
iii) Type, source, chemical and physical properties of the bentonite to
be used.
iv) Stability, dimensions and details of guide walls.
v) Cleaning and re-use of the bentonite slurry.
vi) Calculations to show that the density of the bentonite and lowest
head of slurry are sufficient to maintain the stability of the trench
excavated for the support wall, in the ground conditions envisaged,
to its full depth.
4.4 Design Life and Serviceability
4.4.1 General
The design life of a structure or component is that period for which the item
is required to fulfil its intended function when maintained in accordance with
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agreed procedures to meet a required level of performance. The definition of

a design life for a structure or component does not necessarily mean that the
structure will no longer be fit for its intended purpose at the end of that
period. Neither will it be expected to necessarily continue to be serviceable
for that length of time without adequate maintenance to mitigate the
demands of degradation.
4.4.2 Civil Engineering Structures
1) The design life of all underground civil engineering structures shall be

a minimum of 120 years unless otherwise specified or agreed upon.
2) Adequate measures shall be taken to ensure minimum of 120 years
serviceability of civil structures, producing durable concrete. Suitable
property enhancers/ blending materials conforming to relevant BIS
codes may be used as deemed appropriate and subject to notice by
the Employers Representative.
3) As part of his design submission the Contractor shall demonstrate his
approach in design, construction and selection of materials so as to
achieve 120 year design life.
4) The concrete shall be tested for impermeability according to DIN 1048
and ability to resist chloride ion penetration according to ASTM C-
1202. Water permeability shall not be more than 10 millimetres and
RCPT value shall not exceed 1000 coulombs.
5) The design life of the above ground building structures including
ancillary buildings (if it is above ground) and foot over bridge shall be
50 years.
4.4.3 Road Pavements
The design life of all pavements shall conform to IRC codes and MORTH
requirements.
4.4.4 Serviceability of Civil and Building Works
1) Paint systems for steelwork shall ensure a minimum life of 5 years

before full maintenance painting is required.
2) The corrosion protection of non-structural steel items shall be
appropriate to the accessibility of the item for inspection and
maintenance.
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4.5 Civil Design Works
4.5.1 Excavation Base Stability
1. The Contractors design shall include adequate precautions against base

heave, piping and failure of his excavations during construction. The
stability of the excavation bases shall be checked in accordance with an
acceptable method of analysis which shall allow for all reasonable loads
within and outside of the excavation.
2. The Contractor shall show in his calculations the contribution made to
the base stability of the excavation by his proposed method of
construction and shall state the factor(s) of safety used in the design.
The factor(s) of safety shall relate to the method of construction and to
the particular location of the Works, and shall be subject to the notice
of the Employers Representative.
4.5.2 Waterproofing
1. Groundwater leakage rates into the completed Permanent structures

shall be limited to damp patches only and shall not under any
circumstances exceed a general value of 0.1 litres per square metre per
day.
2. The quality and grade of the concrete, treatment of construction joints,
areas of slab pours and external membranes shall be chosen such that
the required standard of waterproofing can be achieved and maintained.
Waterproofing membrane shall be provided to base slabs of all cut-and-
cover structures and to walls where the structure is built in an open
excavation.
3. Waterproofing protection measures shall be provided as per contract
specification.
4. Detailing of structure shall include provision of splays, chamfers and
fillets as appropriate to facilitate the laying and performance of
waterproofing membranes.
5. Materials for expansion joints, caulking, grouting and the like shall have
acceptable fire performance for use on an underground railway.
6. Exposed diaphragm walls in cut-and-cover tunnels shall be rendered or
shotcreted and trowelled, as necessary, to provide a uniform finish
without distinct changes in colour or line. All rendered or shotcreted
walls shall be provided with a controlled drainage system to direct any
seepage permitted under the Contract to the floor drainage system.
4.5.3 Water Control in Excavations
1. During construction in water-bearing ground, seepage water shall be

controlled by suitable means and the design shall provide for the same.
The Contractor shall obtain the Employers Representatives prior notice
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to the process he intends to adopt to control groundwater inflow, and

the treatment and disposal of any groundwater collected.
2. The piezometric pressure outside of the excavations shall at all times
remain within the normal expected groundwater variation and
permissible safe limits. The Contractor shall be responsible for all local
authority approvals required for his groundwater control methods.
3. Notwithstanding the limits on groundwater leakage rates, the design
shall aim to ensure that no loss of ground or groundwater occurs through
any part of the structure.
4.5.4 Underpinning of Existing Building Structures (EBS)
1. Where the construction of bored tunnels or other underground works

necessitates the removal of existing support or foundations to existing
buildings, structures, utilities, services, wells, pavements, road furniture
and the like (collectively termed EBS) the Contractor shall carry out
investigations on the extent of the existing works, their design and loading
conditions.
2. The Contractor shall design and carry out such works as are necessary to
maintain the integrity of the EBS at all times including its design life. No
work shall commence prior to the notice of The Employers
Representative being given. Cost of design and provision of any
support/strengthening of such structures will be deemed as included in
the Contractors Price.
4.6 Temporary Works
4.6.1 General Principles
In general Temporary Works shall be designed in accordance with the same

design standards as the Permanent Works. However, Temporary Works
design may take into account the limited duration over which such
temporary works are expected to function. The calculations and drawings
shall make clear where provision for limited duration has been allowed for,
particularly where this may have a substantial influence on the stability of
the Temporary Works.
The design of Temporary Works shall take account of all the applied
external forces and imposed structural deformations and, where applicable,
the effects of removal of load from the ground.
4.6.2 Design of Temporary Excavation Support
1. Excavations for cut-and-cover structures in soft ground shall be

supported by diaphragm walls, secant piles or similar which may be
incorporated into the Permanent Works. Design of these elements shall
include full step-by-step analyses of the progressive change in the
loading and required temporary support conditions as the excavation
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proceeds and subsequently as these temporary elements are integrated

into the Permanent Works.
2. Braced excavations shall be analysed by finite element or similar
methods in which the changes in ground stresses are properly related to
the deflections which occur in the structural elements, by the use of
appropriate stiffness and other parameters. Relevant empirical evidence
from similar excavations must be referred to in support of the
conclusions of the analyses. Simplified analytical models and methods
shall be employed to calibrate and support finite element analyses of
the various permutations of structure geometry and loading.
3. Temporary works shall be designed as far as possible to be removed
when no longer required, and shall not be left in the ground. Temporary
works which are viewed as being impossible to remove on completion of
the Permanent Works shall be dismantled to a minimum depth of 2
metres below the finished ground surface and designed so that there will
be no risk of ground settlement or other deleterious effects as a
consequence of decay and/or collapse of these Temporary Works.
4.6.3 Ground Movements
1. The Temporary and Permanent Works designs shall limit ground

movement and distortions around the site and to avoid damage to
adjacent EBS.
2. The Contractor shall carry out a risk assessment for all EBS within the
influence of the Works in accordance with the Contract. The analyses
for the Temporary Works shall be properly related to the conclusions
of this risk assessment.
4.6.4 Construction Dewatering
1. Temporary dewatering of construction excavations will be required to

provide an undisturbed, stable and dry subgrade to permit
construction and backfilling of the Permanent Works under dry
conditions.
2. In general, the groundwater within the excavations shall be maintained
at a level the permits achievement of the above and avoids heave,
piping or base failure of the excavation.
3. Temporary dewatering methods and system operations, along with
other required temporary works, shall not lower the groundwater
outside the walls supporting the excavations, nor result in settlement,
distortion or loss of ground at adjacent EBS.
4. The Contractor shall prepare and submit his design of his construction
dewatering system to the Employers Representative for his notice.
The construction dewatering design shall include determination of
subsurface conditions and geotechnical design parameters, analyses to
establish feasible methods, and system definition in sufficient detail to
demonstrate that the general objectives can be achieved without
adverse effect on adjacent EBS. The selected system shall generally
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Design Basis Report
provide for continuous (24-hour-per-day) operation, adequate reserve

equipment, and standby power.
4.6.5 Ground Improvement
1. Ground-improvement may be required along certain alignment segments

of the Metro Rail Corridors to control ground and EBS movement and
distortion that may be induced by excavation and tunnelling and at
tunnel break-in/break-out locations, in advance of bored tunnel
excavation.
2. The Contractor shall prepare and submit his designs and method
statements supported by analysis for all ground improvement to the
Employers Representative for his notice. These designs shall define
performance objectives for the ground improvement
3. Instrumentation, monitoring and reporting details for verifying
achievement of ground improvement performance objectives in
accordance with this Contract shall be included in the ground
improvement design submission.
4. The information and assumptions on which the ground improvement is
based shall be shown on the design drawings.
4.7 Connection Details
4.7.1 Corners
The Contractor shall pay particular attention corner joints of large structural
members. External wall/slab junctions shall be provided with crack control
steel and transverse ties. Radius of bend of main tension bars shall be
increased to cater for the high bearing stresses within the bend.
4.7.2 Construction Joints
The design and detailing of construction joints shall be sufficient for the
proposed works and minimised to reduce the risk of leakage.
4.7.3 Slab to Wall Connections
For top-down construction in particular, attention shall be paid to the

practicalities of the design and detailing of the slab to wall connections and
the means by which the integrity of the construction joints at these
connections will be assured.
As shown in the sample sketch below, the couplers shall be designed with a
minimum cover of 110mm from the centre of first layer of couplers.
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Figure 1: Permanent diaphragm wall / slab connection (AL = Anchorage Length)
4.7.4 Connections between Bored and Cut-and-Cover Structures
1. Where bored tunnels connect to cut-and-cover structures, this joint shall

be designed and completed by the contractor for the cut-and-cover
structure. The design of this connection joint shall consider the
possibility of differential movement during both construction and in-
service.
2. The differential movement between the bored tunnel and cut-and-cover
structure shall be sufficiently small so as not to cause overstressing of
this joint which shall be designed to permit an appropriate degree of
movement in all directions. Particular attention shall be paid to the
waterproofing detail, to ensure that the water-tightness of this joint is
not inferior to the standard joint between precast tunnel segments.
4.8 Instrumentation
1. The Contractor shall instrument, monitor and report on ground and EBS
movement and distortion, groundwater level, stress and displacement
in the excavation and lateral support system, structural movement
during construction to check his predictions.
2. Monitoring shall be carried out on a case-by-case day-to-day or more
frequent basis depending upon the importance of the EBS and/or the
risk of damage to that EBS. Special attention shall be paid to the
historical buildings and wells located along the alignment.
3. Monitoring shall begin prior to commencement of the Works to enable
instrument base-line values to be determined accurately, and shall
continue until all movements and distortions to the ground and EBS
,and changes to the groundwater table that might be attributed to the
Works, as shown by the monitoring, have effectively ceased for a
period of three months.
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4. The Contractor shall submit a complete comprehensive

instrumentation, monitoring and reporting scheme with his Design and
prior to any construction which is designed to achieve the following.
a) To establish typical background movement, distortion, groundwater
fluctuation, and noise and vibration limits for the ground, groundwater
and EBS prior to commencement of the Works.
b) Protection to all parties during and after the construction by providing
early warning of any excessive and undue movement and distortion of
the adjacent ground and EBS.
c) To provide movement and deformation information for design
verification of the Temporary and Permanent Works.
d) To ensure that the maximum allowable tolerances associated with
various structures/elements within the zone of influence of the Works
are not exceeded.
e) To confirm that groundwater drawdown outside of the excavations
does not exceed the expected fluctuation limits
5. Vibration recording devices shall be provided to monitor for vibrations

which may cause damage to the proposed constructions and EBS.
These devices shall be installed at intervals and locations to provide
comprehensive coverage of the Works. Unless otherwise directed by
the Fire/Life Safety Committee, these devices shall record ground
accelerations generated by the Works to ensure that these
accelerations do not exceed the values set by the relevant Authorities
or those determined by the Contractor for the stability and safety of
the Temporary and Permanent Works and adjacent EBS.
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5. LIST OF DESIGN CODES AND STANDARDS
5.1 Codes And Standards
A list of codes and Standards / Specifications is given for reference only.
5.1.1 Indian Railway Standards (IRS)
[1] IRS Bridge Rules for loading (Ministry of Railways)

[2] IRS Code of practice for steel bridges.
[3] IRS Code of practice for plain, reinforced and pre-stressed concrete
for general Bridge Construction.
[4] IRS Code of practice for the design of substructure and foundation of
bridge.
5.1.2 Indian Road Congress Standards (IRC)
[5] IRC 5 1985 Standard Specifications & Code of Practice for Road
Bridges, Section-I General Features of Design
[6] IRC 6 1966 Standard Specifications & Code of Practice for Road Bridges,
Section-II Load and Stresses
[7] IRC 101961 Recommended Practice for Borrowpits for Road Embankments
Constructed by Manual Operation
[8] IRC 111962 Recommended practice for the design of layout of cycle racks
[9] IRC 181985 Design Criteria for Pre-stressed Concrete Road Bridges (Post-
Tensioned Concrete)
[10] IRC 19:1977 Standard Specifications and code of Practice for Water Bound
Macadam
[11] IRC 21:1987 Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road Bridges
Section Ill-Cement Concrete (Plain and Reinforced)
[12] IRC i2:1986 Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road Bridges,
Section VI - Composite Construction
[13] IRC 241967 Standard Specifications and Code of practice for Road Bridges,
Section V - Steel Road Bridges
[14] IRC 361970 Recommended Practice for the Construction of Earth
Embankments for Road Works
[15] IRC 371984 Guidelines for the Design of Flexible Pavement
[16] IRC 451972 Recommendations for Estimating the Resistance of Soil below
the maximum Scour Level in the Design of Well Foundations of Bridges
[17] IRC 481972 Tentative Specifications for Bituminous Surface Dressing Using
Pre-coated Aggregates
[18] IRC 751979 Guidelines for the Design of High Embankments
[19] IRC 781983 Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road Bridges,
Section VII (Parts 1 and 2), Foundations and Substructure
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Design Basis Report
[20] IRC 831987 Standard Specifications and code of practice for Road Bridges,
Section IX - Bearings Part I & II: Bearings (Metallic and Elastomeric)
[21] IRC 871984 Guidelines for the Design and Erection of False Work for Road
Bridges
[22] IRC 891997 Guidelines for Design and Construction of River Training and
Control Works for Road Bridges
[23] IRC:SP111988 Handbook of Quality Control for Construction of Roads and
Runways
5.1.3 Bureau of Indian Standards Codes and special publications
[24] IS 383:1970: Coarse and fine aggregates from natural Sources for concrete
[25] IS 432:1982: Mild steel and medium tensile steel bars and hard-drawn steel
wire for concrete reinforcement
Part 1: Mild steel and medium tensile steel bars
Part 2: Hard-drawn steel wire
[26] IS 456:2000: Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete
[27] IS 516:1959: Method of test for strength of concrete
[28] IS 875:1987: Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for
buildings and structures
[29] IS 1732:1989: Dimensions for round and square steel bars for structural and
general engineering purposes
[30] IS 1786:1985: High strength deformed steel bars and wires for concrete
reinforcement.
[31] IS 1888:1982: Method of load tests on soils
[32] IS 1892:1979: Code of practice for sub surface investigations for foundations
[33] IS 1893:1984: Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures
[34] IS 1893:2002: Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures,
Part 1: General Provisions and Buildings
[35] IS 1904: 1986 : Design and construction of foundations in soils - General
Requirements
[36] IS 2386:1963: Methods of test for aggregates for concrete
Part 1: Particle size and shape
Part 2: Estimation of deleterious materials and organic impurities
Part 3: Specific gravity, density, voids, absorption and bulking
Part 4: Mechanical properties
Part 5: Soundness
Part 6: Measuring mortar making properties of fine aggregates
Part 7: Alkali aggregate reactivity
Part 8: Petrographic examination
[37] IS 2430:1969: Methods of sampling of aggregate for concrete
[38] IS 2720 1972-2002 Methods of Tests for Soils (all Parts)
[39] IS 4326:1993: Earthquake resistant design and construction of buildings code
of practice IS 5529:1985: Code of practice for in-situ permeability tests
[40] IS 5816:1970: Method of test for splitting tensile strength of concrete
cylinders
39
Page

Design Basis Report
[41] IS 6403:1981: Code of practice for determination of bearing capacity of

shallow foundations
[42] IS 7320:1974: Concrete slump test apparatus
[43] IS 8009:1976: Calculation of settlement of foundations
[44] IS 9013:1978: Method of making, curing and determining compressive strength
of accelerated cured concrete test specimens
[45] IS 9103:1979: Admixtures for concrete
[46] IS 9284:1979: Method of test for abrasion resistance of concrete
[47] IS 9417:1989: Recommendations for welding cold worked bars for reinforced
concrete construction
[48] IS 10262:1982: Recommended guidelines for concrete mix design
[49] SP 36 (Part 2): Compendium of Indian Standards on Soil Engineering (Field
Testing) Indian Standard Hand Book on Steel Sections Part-I
5.1.4 Bureau of Indian Standards Codes and special publications
[69] IS 5525:1969: Recommendations for detailing of reinforcement in reinforced
[50] ASTM C 1202 Test method s for Electrical indication of concretes ability to
[51] ASTM C 1240 Micro Silica / Silica fume in concrete
[52] ASTM D 297 Methods for Rubber Product Chemical Analysis
[53] ASTM D- 395 Compression Set of vulcanized rubber
[54] ASTM D 412 Tension testing o vulcanized rubber
[55] ASTM D- 429 Adhesion of vulcanized rubber to metal
[56] ASTM D 573 Accelerated aging of vulcanized rubber
[57] ASTM D-624 Tear resistance of vulcanized rubber
[58] ASTM D- 797 Youngs modulus in flexure of elastomer at normal subnormal
[59] ASTM D 1075 Effect of water on cohesion of compacted bituminous mixtures
[60] ASTM D 1143 Test method for piles under static axial comp. test
[61] ASTM D 1149 Accelerated ozone cracking of vulcanized rubber
[62] ASTM D 1556 In-situ density by sand replacement
[63] ASTM D-1559 Test for resistance to plastic flow of bituminous mixture using
[64] ASTM D -2172 Extraction quantitative , of bitumen from bituminous paving
[65] ASTMD D -2240 Indentation hardness of rubber and plastic be means of a
[66] ASTM D 3689 Testing method of testing individual piles under static axial
[67] ASTM D- 4945 Test method for high strain dynamic testing of piles
[68] ASTM E 11 Specification for wire cloth sieve for testing purpose
concrete works
40
Page

Design Basis Report
5.1.5 AASHTO Standards
[70] AASHTO M6-81 Fine aggregate for Portland cement concrete

[71] AASHTO M 31-82 Deformed and plain billet steel for concrete reinforcement
[72] AASHTO M42 - 81Rail steel deformed and plain bars for concrete
[73] AASHTO M54-81 Fabricated steel bar or rod mats for concrete reinforcement
[74] AASHTO M 57-80 Material for embankments and sub grades
[75] AASHTO M 81-75 Cut back asphalt (rapid curing type)
[76] AASHTO M 82-75 Cut back asphalt (medium curing type)
[77] AASHTO M85-80 Portland cement
[78] AASHTO M 140-80 Emulsified asphalt
[79] AASHTO M 147-67Materials for aggregate and soil- aggregate sub base , base
[80] AASHTO M 148-82 Liquid membrane forming compounds for curing concrete
[81] AASHTO M 154 -79 Air entraining admixtures for concrete
[82] AASHTO M 173-60 Concrete joint sealer for concrete
[83] AASHTO M 194-82 Chemical admixture for concrete
[84] AASHTO M 213-81 Performed expansion joint fillers for concrete paving and
[85] AASHTO M 282-80 Joint sealants, hot poured, elasomeric type, for port land
[86] AASHTO M 294-70 Fine aggregate for bituminous paving mixtures
[87] AASHTO T 22-82 Compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens
[88] AASHTO T 23-80 Making and curing concrete compressive and flexural
[89] AASHTO T 26-79 Quality of water to be used in concrete
[90] AASHTO T96-77 Resistance to abrasion of small size coarse aggregate by use
of the los Angeles machine
[91] AASHTO T99-81 The moisture density relations of soil using a 5.5-ib (2.5kg)
[92] AASHTO 10477 Soundness of aggregate by use of sodium sulphate or
[93] AASHTO T176-73 Plastic fines in graded aggregates and soil by use of the
[94] AASHTO T 180-74 The moisture density relation of soils using a 10-lb (4.54kg)
[95] AASHTO T 182-82 Coating and stripping of bitumen aggregate mixtures
[96] AASHTO T191-61 Density of soil in place by the sand cone method
5.1.6 BS Standards
[97] BS 4395(part2) High strength friction grip bolts and associated nuts and
washers for structural Engineering higher Grade
[98] BS:4447 The performance of pre-stressing anchorages for post tensioned
[99] BS: 4486 Hot rolled and hot rolled & processed high tensile alloy steel bars for
pre tensioning of concrete
[100] BS: 4550 Method of testing cement
41
Page

Design Basis Report
[101] BS: 4592 Industrial type metal flooring , walkways and stair treads
[102] BS: 4604 The use of high strength friction grip bolts in structural steel work .
Higher grade (parallel shank)
[103] BS:4870 Approval testing of welding procedures
[104] BS: 4871 Approval testing of welders working to approval welding procedure
[105] BS: 5075 Concrete admixtures
[106] Bs: 5135 Process of arc welding of carbon and carbon manganese steel
[107] BS: 5212 Part 2 Cold poured joint sealants for concrete pavements
[108] BS: 5328 Methods for specifying concrete , including ready mixed concrete
[109] BS: 5400 Code of practice design of concrete bridges
[110] BS:5400 (Part-6) Specification for material and workmanship, steel
[111] BS: 5606 Accuracy in building
[112] BS: 5606 High tensile steel wire and stand for the pre s-stressing of concrete
[113] BS: 5950 (Part 2) Specification for materials, fabrication and erection : hot
rolled sections
[114] BS : 6105 Corrosion resistant stainless steel fasteners
[115] BS: 6164 Safety in Tunnelling in the construction industry
[116] BS: 6443 Penetrant flaw detection
[117] BS: 6681 Specification for malleable cast iron
[118] BS: 7079 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and
[119] BS: 7542 Method of test of curing compound for concrete
[120] BS: 8110 Structural use of concrete
[121] BS: 8301 Section 5 Code of practice for building drainage
5.1.7 Other Publications
[122] CIRIA Report C660 Early age thermal crack control in concrete
[123] CIRIA Report 91 Early age thermal crack control in concrete UIC/772-R:
International Union of Railways Publication
[124] SS 460 48 66 1991: Swedish Standard Vibration and Shock Guidance Levels for
Blast-Induced Vibrations
[125] NS8141 1993: Vibration and Shock in Structures, Guidance Limits for Blasting
induced Vibrations
[126] International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM)
[127] Austrian Society for Rock Mechanics: Geotechnical Underground Structure
Design
[128] Austrian Standard 2203: Mechanised Tunnelling
[129] Eurocode 2: Reinforced Concrete
[130] Eurocode &: Geotechnical Design
[131] National Fire Protection Association, NFPA 130-2007: Standard for Fixed
42
Page

Design Basis Report
Guideway Transit and Passenger Rail Systems
[132] America Petroleum Industry (API) standard 1104

[133] Indian standard Hand Book on steel sections Para -1
[134] Indian Railways Manual on Design and Construction of well and pile foundation
[135] UIC/772 R The international Union of Railways Publication
[136] CIRIA Report 80 A review of instruments for gas and dust monitoring
[137] CIRIA Report 81 Tunnel Water proofing
[138] CIRIA Report 44 Model code of practice for work in compressed air
5.1.8 Swedish standard 05 5900
[139] PCI STD 112-84

[140] CRRI and IOC , New Delhi Bituminous Road Construction Hand Book
[141] North Specifications
[142] CPWD Specification
5.1.9 International Tunnel Association
[143] Guidelines for the Design of Tunnels

[144] ITA/AITES Accredited Material: Seismic Design and Analysis of Underground
Structures
43
Page

Design Basis Report
6. ANNEXURE A ( LOAD COMBINATION)
The sheets 3 No. are enclosed.
44
Page

ULSSTATIC
1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105
SubmergedWater@GL SaturatedSoil
LoadCaseDetail L/CNo. 1.5DL 1.5DL 1.5DL 1.5DL 1.5DL 1.5DL 1.5DL 1.5DL 1.5DL 1.5DL
+1.5IL +1.5IL +1.5IL +1.5IL +1.5IL +1.5IL +1.5IL +1.5IL +1.5IL +1.5IL
(MaxH (MaxH (MaxH (MINH (MINH (MaxH (MaxH (MaxH (MINH (MINH
MAXV) MAXV) MINV) MAXV) MAXV) MAXV) MAXV) MINV) MAXV) MAXV)
SelfWeight 1 1.5 1.5 1 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1 1.5 1.5

SIDL 2 1.5 1.5 1 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1 1.5 1.5
SoilBackfill 3 1.5 1.5 1 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1 1.5 1.5
LiveLoadonconcourse&platform 4 1.5 1.5 0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 0 1.5 1.5
TrainLiveLoad 5 1.5 0 0 1.5 0 1.5 0 0 1.5 0
LateralPressureSub(WTatGL)K0 6 1.5 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LateralPressureSub(WTatGL)Ka 7 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
LateralPressureSat_K0 8 0 0 0 0 0 1.5 1.5 1.5 0 0
LateralPressureSat_Ka 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
VerticalSurchargeLoad 10 1.5 1.5 0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 0 1.5 1.5
LateralSurcharge(TowardsRight) 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LateralSurcharge(TowardsLeft) 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LateralSurcharge(Bothsides) 13 1.5 1.5 1.5 0 0 1.5 1.5 1.5 0 0
WaterPressureonwalls 14 1.5 1.5 1.5 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
WaterPressureuplift 15 1.5 1.5 1 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 0
RackingForce(TowardsRight) 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RackingForce(TowardsLeft) 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ULSSEISMIC(Racking)
4001 4002 4003 4004 4005 4006 4007 4008 4101 4102 4103 4104 4105 4106 4107 4108
LoadCaseDetail L/CNo. 1.5DL 1.5DL 1.2DL+1.2IL 1.2DL+1.2IL 1.2DL+1.2IL 1.2DL+1.2IL 1.2DL+1.2IL 1.2DL+1.2IL 1.5DL 1.5DL 1.2DL+1.2IL 1.2DL+1.2IL 1.2DL+1.2IL 1.2DL+1.2IL 1.2DL+1.2IL 1.2DL+1.2IL
+1.5EL +1.5EL +1.2EL +1.2EL +1.2EL +1.2EL +1.2EL +1.2EL +1.5EL +1.5EL +1.2EL +1.2EL +1.2EL +1.2EL +1.2EL +1.2EL
(MaxHMAX (MaxH (MaxH (MaxH (MINH (MINH (MaxH (MaxH (MaxH (MaxH (MINH (MINH
V) MAXV) MINV) MINV) MAXV) MAXV) MAXV) MAXV) MINV) MINV) MAXV) MAXV)
SelfWeight 1 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.2 1 1 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.2 1 1 1.2 1.2
SIDL 2 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.2 1 1 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.2 1 1 1.2 1.2
SoilBackfill 3 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.2 1 1 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.2 1 1 1.2 1.2
LiveLoadonconcourse&platform 4 0 0 0.6 0.6 0 0 0.6 0.6 0 0 0.6 0.6 0 0 0.6 0.6
TrainLiveLoad 5 0 0 1.2 1.2 0 0 1.2 1.2 0 0 1.2 1.2 0 0 1.2 1.2
LateralPressureSub(WTatGL)K0 6 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LateralPressureSub(WTatGL)Ka 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LateralPressureSat_K0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 0 0
LateralPressureSat_Ka 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
VerticalSurchargeLoad 10 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.2 0 0 1.2 1.2 0 0 1.2 1.2 0 0 1.2 1.2
LateralSurcharge(TowardsRight) 11 1.5 0 1.2 0 1.2 0 0 0 0 0 1.2 0 1.2 0 0 0
LateralSurcharge(TowardsLeft) 12 0 1.5 0 1.2 0 1.2 0 0 0 0 0 1.2 0 1.2 0 0
LateralSurcharge(Bothsides) 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
WaterPressureonwalls 14 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
WaterPressureuplift 15 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.2 1 1 1.2 1.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RackingForce(TowardsRight) 16 1.5 0 1.2 0 1.2 0 1.2 0 1.5 0 1.2 0 1.2 0 1.2 0
RackingForce(TowardsLeft) 17 0 1.5 0 1.2 0 1.2 0 1.2 0 1.5 0 1.2 0 1.2 0 1.2
SLS
3001 3002 3003 3004 3005 3101 3102 3103 3104 3105
LoadCaseDetail L/CNo. 1.0DL+ 1.0DL+ 1.0DL+ 1.0DL+ 1.0DL+ 1.0DL+ 1.0DL+ 1.0DL+ 1.0DL+ 1.0DL+
1.0IL 1.0IL 1.0IL 1.0IL 1.0IL 1.0IL 1.0IL 1.0IL 1.0IL 1.0IL
(MaxH (MaxH (MaxH (MINH (MINH (MaxH (MaxH (MaxH (MINH (MINH
MAXV) MAXV) MINV) MAXV) MAXV) MAXV) MAXV) MINV) MAXV) MAXV)
SelfWeight 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SoilBackfill 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
LiveLoadonconcourse&platform 4 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1
TrainLiveLoad 5 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0
LateralPressureSub(WTatGL)K0 6 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LateralPressureSub(WTatGL)Ka 7 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
LateralPressureSat_K0 8 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0
LateralPressureSat_Ka 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
VerticalSurchargeLoad 10 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1
LateralSurcharge(TowardsRight) 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LateralSurcharge(TowardsLeft) 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LateralSurcharge(Bothsides) 13 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0
WaterPressureonwalls 14 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
WaterPressureuplift 15 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
RackingForce(TowardsRight) 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RackingForce(TowardsLeft) 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Design Basis Report
7. ANNEXURE B (GUIDELINES FOR SELECTION OF

GEOTECHNICAL PARAMETERS)
A report on guidelines for selection of geotechnical parameters is ENCLOSED.
48
Page

DELHI METRO PROJECT LINE 7
Detail Design Consultant
CCDD-1R
Guidelines for Selection of

Geotechnical Parameters
27/11/2012
Document Reference:
CCDD-1R DTD UG0 STR REP 00085 R2
Guidelines For Selection of Geotechnical Parameters
Date Revision subject

Issue no. 1 21/11/2012 First Issue
Issue no. 2 27/11/2012 Second Issue
Issue no. 3
Issue no. 1 Written by Signature
Anand Pandey
Checked by Signature
Claude AUDRAC
Validated by Signature
Chapter Page Modification
CERTIFICATION
We, M/s SYSTRA S.A., hereby certify that this report has been checked and approved in accordance
with the DDCs approved Quality Assurance Plan.
Signature:
DDCs Project Principal
Document Reference: CCDD-1R DTD UG0 STR REP 00085 R2

2
Page

TABLE OF CONTENT
1. CORRELATION BETWEEN CORRECTED SPT N VALUE AND ANGLE OF INTERNAL FRICTION OF SOIL 4
2. CORRELATION BETWEEN SPT N VALUE AND UNDRAINED SHEAR STRENGTH OF SOIL ....... 7
3. BASIC PROPERTIES OF SOIL ....................................................................... 9
4. CHARACTERISTIC SPT N VALUE .................................................................. 13
5. CORRELATIONS BETWEEN CONE BEARING RESISTANCE QC AND SPT N VALUE .................... 14
6. ELASTIC MODULUS OF SOIL ...................................................................... 16
7. MODULUS OF SUBGRADE REACTION .............................................................. 25
8. COEFFICIENT OF EARTH PRESSURE .............................................................. 27
9. DESIGN OF PILE .................................................................................. 28
10. LIQUEFACTION ANALYSIS ........................................................................ 29
3
Page

1. CORRELATION BETWEEN CORRECTED SPT N VALUE AND ANGLE

OF INTERNAL FRICTION OF SOIL
(IS6403 :1981)

4

Page
(Florida Soil and Foundation Handbook 2012)

5

Page
These values are based on corrected SPT-N values.

Chart Given for Angle of Internal friction from SPT N Value in IS Code is same as suggested give
by Peck et. al. (1971), which is for Sand and, value must be reduced by 5 degree for silty sand or
non Plastic Sandy Silt or as Suggested in Florida Soil and Foundation Handbook.
Angle of Internal friction can also be calculated from Cone penetration Test
(Foundation Analysis and Design by Bowles JE)
= 29 + qc0.5 (Reduce 5 degree for silty Sand)
Where qc is cone bearing pressure in units of MPa
Correlations for Angle of internal friction are just a guide and shall be confirmed with Laboratory
tests. For clayey Silt and clayey Sand angle of internal friction can be calculated from
consolidated drained test or Consolidated undrained triaxial test with pore pressure
measurement.
Recommendation: Soil strength parameters should be calculated either by direct shear test or
consolidated drained triaxial test. In absence of laboratory test where undisturbed sample is not
collected and in hard or very dense soil strata where degree of disturbance is more in collection of
undisturbed soil sample soil strength parameters may be calculated from empirical correlation
either from SPT N value or Cone penetration resistance. For calculation of strength parameters
from SPT N value, SPT N value must be corrected for overburden and dilatancy effect and Corrected
SPT value should be restricted to 50.

6

Page
2. CORRELATION BETWEEN SPT N VALUE AND UNDRAINED SHEAR

STRENGTH OF SOIL
For undrained behaviour, the following correlation can be used in order to obtain the
undrained shear strength:
Su = qu/2 = 5*N60

7

Page
Undrained Shear Strength from cone penetration test

8

Page
3. BASIC PROPERTIES OF SOIL

3.1 The unit weight for saturated and dry soils
(Handbook of Geotechnical Investigation and Design Tables (look, 2007)
3.2 Poissons ratio


9

Page
3.3 Elastic Parameters
3.4 SPT Base Classification of Soil

(CIRIA Report 143)
10

Page
3.5 Typical value of Effective strength Parameters of Clay
(Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice by Terzaghi, Peck and Mesri)
11

Page
3.6 Typical value of Effective angle of internal friction for non cohesive soil
(Foundation Engineering Handbook by Robert W. Day)
12

Page
4. CHARACTERISTIC SPT N VALUE

A Plot Depth Vs SPT N Value should be plotted for all the available borehole at particular structure location (e.g. If
4 boreholes are available which represent the soil profile of a station, all the SPT value of 4 boreholes shall be
plotted in one graph, and representative SPT N values with depth can be obtained from that graph.
It is not advisable to Plot all the boreholes data available for the project on single plot but it should be divided into
zones and plots should be prepared zone wise. A correlation Between Depth Vs SPT N value (corrected and
uncorrected SPT N value), or Depth Vs Soil modulus should be established for particular zone.
Typical correlation between Depth and SPT N value for figure given below is
N = 3.3 + 1.92z
SPT N Value
13

Page
5. Correlations between Cone bearing resistance qc and SPT N Value

(IS: 2911- 2010 Part-1 Sec-2)
14

Page
(Fundamentals of Geotechnical Engineering by B M Das)
Recommendation on Correlation between SPT N Value and Cone Penetration resistance :
Cone Penetration Resistance qc = 200 N60 (kPa)
15

Page
6. ELASTIC MODULUS OF SOIL

4.1 From SPT N Value
A) Non Cohesive Soil
(CIRIA REPORT 143)
16

Page
(Principles of Foundation Engineering by B M Das)
17

Page
(Foundation Engineering Handbook by Robert W. Day)
The modulus of elasticity Es (Schmertmann, 1970) with the standard penetration test (SPT) or the cone
penetration test (CPT)
2
Soil Type Es/N60 (tsf) Es/N60 (kN/m )
Silts, sandy silts, slightly cohesive silt-sand mixtures 4 400
Clean, fine to medium sands and slightly silty sands 7 700
Coarse sands and sands with little gravel 10 1000
Sandy gravel and gravel 12 1200
18

Page
19

Page
B) Cohesive Soil
20

Page
4.2 Calculation of Soil Modulus for cohesive soil for from Shear Strength
The following empirical correlations may be used to estimate Es for cohesive soils:
Es = 750Su to 1200Su for Normally Consolidated Clay to Lightly Over Consolidated Clay
Where Su = Undrained shear strength of clay
21

Page
Recommendation on Soil Modulus From SPT N Value : Loking All the correlation above it is
recommended to use the following correlations between uncorrected SPT N value and drained Soil
modulus in Delhi Soil for all design purpose
Type os Soil Es/N60 (kPa)
Silts, sandy silts, slightly cohesive silt-sand 400
mixtures (Ip < 15%)
Silty Sand (%fines<30) 500
Silty Sand (% Fines 12 to 30) 700
Fine to medium sand (% Fines <12) 1000
Silty Clay / Sandy Clay (15< Ip<30) 500
4.3 Calculation of Soil Modulus from Cone Penetration Resistance:
(IS: 2950 (Part-1)

The value of Es may be determined from the following relationship:
Es = 2 Ckd
Where
Ckd = qc = cone resistance
22

Page
Clayey sand Es = (3 to 6) qc
Silts, sandy silt, or Es = (1 to 2) qc
Soft clay or clayey silt Es = (3 to 8) qc
Recommendation on Soil Modulus From Cone Penetration registance qc:
Young modulus of Soil, Es = 2*qc (In unit of qc)
4.4 Calculation of Soil Modulus from Pressuremeter test
(Principles of Foundation Engineering by B M Das)
23

Page
The pressuremeter modulus Ep has been related empirically (Menard 1965) to the modulus of deformation Es,
of the soil for use in calculations based on the theory of elasticity as
Es = Ep /
in which was termed by Menard the rheological coefficient. According to Menard the value of a depends on
the type of soil and the ratio Ep/PL as indicated in Table below
(Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice by Terzaghi, Peck and Mesri)
Where, Epm = Ep = Pressuremeter modulus

pL = Limiting Pressure
24

Page
7. MODULUS OF SUBGRADE REACTION

IS: 2950 (Part-1)
25

Page
Cohesionless soils (values for 30 x 30 cm plate)

3 3
SPT value Relative Density K value (kN/m ) K value (kN/m )
Dry/Moist Submerged
<10 Loose 15000 9000
10 to 30 Medium 15000 47000 9000 29000
>30 Dense 47000 180000 29000 108000
Cohesive soils (values for 30 x 30 cm plate)

3
Unconfined compressive Consistency K value (kN/m )
2
strength(kN/m )
100 to 200 Stiff 27000
200 to 400 Very stiff 27000 54000
>400 Hard 54000 108000
Vertical Modulus of Subgrade Reaction can be calculated using Vesic equation
Horizontal Modulus of Subgrade Reaction can be taken as two times of Vertical Modulus of Subgrade reaction as
calculated from Vesic equation given above.
Vertical Modulus of Subgrade Reaction for Raft can also be calculated from method given in Foundation
Analysis and Design by Bowles J E
26

Page
8. COEFFICIENT OF EARTH PRESSURE

Coefficient of earth pressure at rest
K0 = 1 Sin for normally consolidated soil

0.5
For over consolidated soil, K0 OCR = K0 NC x OCR
Coefficient of Active and Passive Earth Pressure

For coefficient of active and passive earth pressure refer Eurocode 7: Geotechnical Design
The angle of shearing resistance between ground and wall
= 0.67 on active side, and
= 0.5 on passive side.
27

Page
9. DESIGN OF PILE
Bored Cast-in-situ pile shall be design as per IS: 2911 2010 (Part 1 Sec-2)
28

Page
10. LIQUEFACTION ANALYSIS

Liquefaction analysis shall be carried out as per SUMMARY REPORT FROM THE 1996 NCEER AND 1998
NCEER/NSF WORKSHOPS ON EVALUATION OF LIQUEFACTION RESISTANCE OF SOILS
29

Page

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DELHI METRO PROJECT LINE 7

Detail Design Consultant

REFERENCE MODEL DBR

DESIGN BASIS REPORT

Document Reference: CCDD-1R TDR UG0 STR REP 00082 R2

Date Revision subject

Issue no. 1 Written by Signature

Dinesh Kumar Prasad

Chapter Page Modification

Document Reference: CCDD-1R TDR UG0 STR REP 00082 R2

01/12/2012 DELHI METRO PROJECT - LINE 7

2.4 Reinforcement ........................................................................... 11

2.5 Structural Steel .......................................................................... 12

2.6 Fire Resistance Design Requirements ................................................. 12

3. LOADS AND REQUIREMENTS ................................................................. 15

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3.4 Loading Combinations .................................................................. 24

3.5 Deflection Criteria ...................................................................... 24

3.6 Design Groundwater Levels ............................................................ 25

4. CUT AND COVER STRUCTURES .............................................................. 27

4.5 Civil Design Works ....................................................................... 32

4.6 Temporary Works ........................................................................ 33

4.7 Connection Details ...................................................................... 35

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4.7.1 Corners ..................................................................................................... 35

4.8 Instrumentation .......................................................................... 36

6. ANNEXURE A ( LOAD COMBINATION) ....................................................... 44

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Guide-walls Small, parallel temporary walls which are used to provide a

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1.1 Brief Presentation of Mukundpur to Yamuna Vihar Corridor Project

1.2 Scope and aim

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2.2 Construction Tolerances

Minimum distance between guide walls wall thickness +25mm

2.3 Materials Parameters

As per Contract specifications.

The characteristic strengths (fck) and the corresponding mechanical

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Characteristics of main construction Materials (structural elements in contact with Nallah

2.3.3 Cover Requirements for 120 years durability of structures

B.) For Underground structural elements in contact with Nallah water

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S. Structural Components Nominal

Nominal cover : Clear cover to any Reinforcement

- 25 kN/m3 for reinforced concrete

2.3.5 Poissons Ratio

- Poissons ratio for all concrete: 0.15

2.3.6 Thermal Expansion Coefficient

- As per cl. 6.2.6 of IS : 456

2.3.7 Youngs Modulus

Instantaneous modulus (E) is taken as per clause 6.2.3.1 of IS 456:2000

2.3.8 Modular Ratio

Only thermo-mechanically treated reinforcement bars of grade Fe500D with

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2.4.1 Youngs Modulus:

2.4.2 Yield Stress:

2.4.3 Diameters [in mm]:

8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 25, 28, 32 & 36

2.5 Structural Steel

1) Design of Structural steelwork shall comply with IS 800.

2.6 Fire Resistance Design Requirements

A nominal cover of 50 mm shall be required for four hours of fire resistance as