Volume 05 Issue 05 JAN-FEB - 2015

Appreciation of Animal Feeding Strategy Animal Managment Sh. Otaram Dewasi Vet studies set
Ayurvet ProGreen Hydroponics Technology Current Feed Scarcity Scenario During Summer Stress India's first Gaupalan Mantri Major Revamp

2 4 5 6 8

MASTITIS : CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS

Introduction or poor liner condition. After milking, the sphincter muscle
One of the reasons for low productivity is poor animal in the teat canal remains dilated for 1-2 hours and bacteria The livestock and agriculture sectors
present during this time can enter the teat canal. Examples Dear
c o nVets,
tribute significantly towards
health, particularly, mastitis which is single largest
problem in dairy animal in terms of economic losses in would be dirty housing or environment, or failure to use teat You would agreethe
addressing thathuman
the animal
food health care should
needs. As a
India as well as all over world. dipping properly. bematter
principally focused on improving the
of fact, these sectors are lifeline of animal
Bovine Mastitis mastitis is an Mastitis occurs when the udder becomes inflamed An inflammatory response is our food
health security andHowever
and productivity. are integral
in the part of
current
our traditional
situation we find culture.
that most of our fellow
inflammation of the mammary because leukocytes are released into the mammary initiated when bacteria enter the
Traditionally
veterinarians livestock
spend and of
majority agriculture
their timeco-existed
in treatingand the
gland in response to injury for gland in response to invasion of the teat canal, usually by mammary gland and this is the
contributed towards rural sustenance, healthy soil and
diseases.
the purpose of "destroying or bacteria. These bacteria multiply and produce toxins that body's second line of defense.
Onclean environment.
the contrary you shouldTheallcurrent
take cuedisconnect
from our Hon'blebetween
Prime
neutralizing the infectious cause injury to milk secreting tissue and various ducts These bacteria multiply and the two has led to concerns for the food and energy
agents and to prepare the way throughout the mammary gland. Elevated leukocytes, or produce toxins, enzymes, and Minister, Shri. Narendra Modi who clearly and categorically
security, decline in soil and human health. Needless to
for healing and return to somatic cells, cause a reduction in milk production and cell-wall components which shared with all of us that for improving the quality and quantity of
mention, it has also contributed towards global
food, the soil health is of utmost importance. He therefore
normal function. alter milk composition. These changes in turn adversely stimulate the production of warming. The young budding vets will have key role
Inflammation can be caused affect quality and quantity of dairy products. numerous m e d i a t o r s of directed that special
in integrating programme and
the agriculture and livestock
an initiativesectors.
needs to be
by many types of injury inflammation by inflammatory taken towards improving the soil health.
On the occasion of Ayurvet's 20 successful years in
including infectious agents cells. The magnitude of the Astheveterinarians,
industry, we I suggest
took we should also
initiative take up certain
to integrate the
and their toxins, physical initiatives
agriculturetowards
andimproving
livestockthesectors
animal byhealth and farm profits.
organizising the
trauma or chemical irritants. In the dairy cow, mastitis is This can only happen through sustainable
knowledge symposium. We thank all the vets, policy dairy farming and
nearly always caused by microorganisms; usually bacteria, plannersthe
educating and mediatowards
farmers for their
theuntiring
benefits ofsupport.
animal health.
that invade the udder, multiply in the milk-producing WeWeatstand committed
Ayurvet, to use of
with your support traditional
have been ableknowledge
to undertake
tissues, and produce toxins that are the immediate cause of certain initiatives in this direction. We shall be grateful, iffor
clubbed with modern research. We look forward you
injury." yourshare
could support
yourin ourinfuture
views takingendeavour.
the initiatives to the next level.
The teat end serves as the body's first line of defense From the next issue, we would have a specialDr. AnuponKalra
columns climate
against infection. A smooth muscled sphincter, which change and animal health. We would request you to kindly
surrounds the teat canal, functions to keep the teat canal contribute an article towards the same.
closed, prevent milk from escaping, and prevents bacteria Happy reading and wishing you a very happy Ram Navmi.
from entering the teat. The cells lining the teat canal Dr. Anup Kalra
produce keratin, a fibrous protein with lipid components Contd. on page 3...
(long chain fatty acids) that have bacteriostatic properties.
This keratin forms a barrier against bacteria. During 'Sabka Sath, Sabka Vikas'
milking, bacteria may be present near the opening of the
teat canal, either through dirty and wet conditions at the Union Budget 2015-16; Towards Inclusive
teat end, through teat end lesions or colonization, on
contaminated surfaces of milking units. Trauma to the teat Growth and Positive Impact on Agriculture
renders it more susceptible to bacterial invasion, Sabka sath, sabka vikas are the golden through skill development. Increased emphasis on skill
colonization, and infection because of damage to keratin or words shared by our Hon'ble Prime Minister, development and education would help make a lot of
mucous membranes lining the teat sinus. The canal of a Shri. Narendra Modi. He observed that the youth job-ready.
damaged teat may remain partially open. union budget 2015-16 is progressive, (II) Positive impact on agriculture
Conditions which contribute to trauma include: incorrect positive, practical, pragmatic and Besides, use of improved seed of hybrids and high-
use of udder washes or cleaning compounds, wet teats, prudent. The budget is aimed towards yielding varieties coupled with allied activities, such as
making a paradigm shift and supporting the diary, poultry, fishing, and skill improvement of farm
improper mixing or freezing of teat dips, frostbite, failure to
360 initiatives towards skill development, families will increase incomes and margins. This in turn
prep cows or pre-milking stimulation for milk ejection, jobs creation, health, education, rural and urban will lead to more rural employment, curbing migration
overmilking, and insertion of mastitis tubes or teat development, agriculture growth, clean energy etc. and subscribing to inclusive growth holistically and help
cannulae. The following are the key highlight of budget; increasing agriculture productivity and retaining the
(I) Skill Development farmers in the farms.
Conditions that are associated with high impact force To emphasise special focus on skill development and Three important budgetary provisions towards achieving
against the teat end propel bacteria through healthy teat promote entrepreneurship for achieving the aspirations of
ends. This includes liner slips caused by excessive young India and with the objective for nurturing skills of the Contd. on page 8
temporary vacuum losses, low vacuum reserve or level, youth the existing government has set up National Skill
and abrupt milking unit removal without shutting off Mission with a budgetary allocation of Rs. 1500 crore.
Under the 'Make in India' plan the government has
vacuum, as well as vacuum fluctuations caused by
launched the Deen Dayal Upadhyay Grameen Kaushal
Infertility: A Challenge
inefficient vacuum regulation, blocked air vents,
restrictions in the short milk tube, poor cluster alignment,
Yojana to enhance the employability of rural youth Exploring Successful Solution
 Page 2
NEWS
Life Time Achievement Award 2014-Dr. Anup Kalra
(R-L) Dr. Anup Kalra receiving lifetime achievement
award from Dr. A. K. Gahlot, VC, RAJUVAS, Prof. P.K.
Shukla, Dean- Post Graduate Studies, DUVASU and Shri.
Prince Dhawan , IAS
Ministry of Agriculture certifies
Ayurvet Hydroponics Technology
We had taken the
initiative with the
Department of
Agriculture,
Government of
India. We are happy
to share that the
Ayurvet ProGreen
Hydroponics
Machine and
Technology is the
only one and first in
the country to have
received the
certification from
Ministry of
Agriculture
(Department of
A g r icu ltu r e an d
Cooperation).
Disincentive export of oil cakes
Ayurvet goes beyond animal care to integrate health care
with agriculture for sustainable development. Mr. M. J.
Saxena, M.D. of Ayurvet shares the corporate mission
with Renu Malhotra, Editor-in-Chief, Afro Asian Business
Chronicle. The excerpts are as under.
Q. Human and animal healthcare are entwined.
Being a leader in animal healthcare, how do you see
each supporting the other in the present and in the
near future?'
A. Human health required healthy food. Today our food
is not as healthy as it should be because of over use of
chemical farming residues in the food. Lot of harmful
chemical used for ripening of food as spray on crops or
sued for treating animal disease come laced in the food
causing variety of disease in all age group. Our animals
need to be fed well so that their produce is also healthy.
Creating awareness about health is very important and
that is what our organization is committed to spread
through seminars and symposiums. Human health and
animal health are inclusive and mutually supportive
therefore both need to be strengthened.
Q. While lot is being done in the field of human
health, animal holistic health takes a backseat-What
is your company's contribution?
A. You are right! Lot is being done in the field of human
health but that is not 100% true? In the name of human
health we talk about treatment of the diseases.
Prevention and preservation of health and problems
related to health is more important than the treatment of
diseases. Since in animals health is directly proportional
Ayurvet team congratulates Dr. Anup Kalra, Executive
Director, Ayurvet for receiving the Life Time
Achievement Award for the year 2014. This is a national
level award presented by Ministry of Agriculture,
Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and
Fisheries, Central Poultry Development Organization
th
(Northern Region), Govt of Chandigarh on 12
December 2014. This award was presented to him for his
significant contribution in poultry, animal husbandry,
agriculture and ayurveda in animal health and nutrition at
national level in private sector.
Dr. Anup Kalra expressed his views that,this life time
achievement award is actually the achievement of whole
Ayurvet team. I dedicate this award to entire Ayurvet
family and farmer friends.
Sh. Chandrababu Naidu, CM,
Andhra Pradesh agreed for
Introduction of APH Technology
Sh. Chandrababu Naidu, CM
of Andhra Pradesh recognized
the need of hydroponics in
Andhra Pradesh. Ayurvet team
got an opportunity to meet
Shri. Chandrababu Naidu.
Team Ayurvet gave a brief
a b o u t Ay u r v e t P r o G r e e n
Hydroponic Machine. Sh.
Naidu appreciated the Ayurvet
initiatives in the field of
agriculture through Ayurvet
ProGreen Hydroponics technology and advised to
look at the opportunity of putting up the APH machine
in the cow hostel under the Government of Andhra
Pradesh scheme. He was also keen to understand the
way the tomato and potato cultivation can be done
through hydroponics system. He assured of his
support owing to the fact that this technology would
help in conservation of the natural resources and
addressing the nutritional security for livestock and
human being.
to the production of milk, meat or eggs
and therefore health and prevention of
disease is more appreciated. Our
company provides holistic herbal
healthcare solution for enhancing the
health index and thereby productivity.
Our company not only provides the herbal solutions for
various problems faced by farmers in animal husbandry
but also our dedicated team communicate with the user
farmers to explain the benefits.
Q. You have launched a 5F programme to promote
farm to industry to consumer linkages. Kindly
explain your vision?
A. The 5F programme to fulfil the requirement of human
being is the most sustainable way to achieve 5F security.
Food for human, Feed and Fodder for animals, Fuel and
Energy for cooking and lighting needs and fertilizers for
recharging the soil. This programme has been adopted by
communities as a means of value creation, empowerment
and employment generation without negative impact on
environment. This 5F programme is very much in line for
engagement of youth in skill enhancement and
development of the village. Our vision is to take this 5F
programme to the poorest of poor people who forms the
base pyramid and are devoid of resources. The 5F
programme empowers not only the village youths but
also communities, society and country as a whole
towards self-reliant inter department inclusive growth.
Q. Ayurvet has won many laurels across sectors,
what are your core competence areas?
A.Our core competency lies in our strong belief in the
traditional wisdom and knowledge which comes from
Ayurveda. The knowledge base blended with Modern
Contd. on page 6...
JAN-FEB 2015
ASK THE EXPERT
Q. What are the signs of calving in cattle and
buffaloes? Raju, Delhi
A. A cattle or buffalo during calving will show udder
development relaxation adn swelling of vulva. 12
hours before calving, animal will act uneasy and
change position (lying to standing) continuously. In
the immediate two to six hours after start of calving
process, uterine contractions will position the calf for
entry into birth canal.
Q. I have come to know about Hydroponic fodder in
animal feeding. Can you give me some details?
Ramesh, Noida
A. Hydroponic Green Feed is a special type of fodder
which provides green seeds and roots. This is rich in
protein and minerals as compared to conventional
fodder. This technology requires no soil and uses
very little water. The experiments have proved that
feeding of hydroponics green feed has been found to
be useful in animal health and milk production.
Q. How cowdung can be utilized in effective way for
production of cooking gas? Divya, Bihar
A. Cow dung is effectively used for production of
biogas, which is used in cooking power generation
and CNG production. The bio-product of biogas is
know has slurry, which is very good nutrient source
for all soil. It improves the fertility of soil.
Q. My cow is not conceiving even after repeated
inseminations. Please suggest some solution for it.
Sitander, Bagpat
A. It is a common problem called repeat breeding in
which the animal fails to conceive despite repeated
attempts of insemination. Improve the ration of the
animal with good mineral mixture supplementation
to cover up the deficiency of minerals. The timing of
insemination is also important. You should
inseminate your cow within 10-14 hours after it
comes in to heat. Before 1-2 hours prior to
insemination, give 5060 ml of Restobal to the
animal to reduce the level of stress. Still, if the
problem persists, visit to your nearby Veterinarian.
Q. I have a farm of 20 buffaloes with some of the
buffaloes giving 25-30 litres of milk per day. I
want to prevent mastitis in my dairy farm. Please
guide. Ali, Ghaziabad
A. Mastitis is a dreaded production disease which
causes huge economic losses to the diary farmers. It
is a managemental disease caused mostly due to lack
of barn hygiene and cleanliness. Keep your animals
in cool, dry and clean place and avoid any kind of
stress to animals. Balanced ration should be provided
with adequate minerals supplementation. Milk the
animal by using all the five fingers which is the
correct method of milking. Regular screening of
farm with Mastrip to detect subclinical mastitis is
utmost important.
Dr. M. S. Swaminathan
appreciated Ayurvet ProGreen
Hydroponics Technology
Ayurvet team got an opportunity to
meet renowned Agriculture
Scientist and Father of Green
Revolution, Dr. M. S. Swaminathan
at his foundation in Chennai
Team Ayurvet gave a brief about
Ayurvet ProGreen Hydroponic
Machine to Prof. Swaminathan.
Prof.
Swaminathan appreciated
the Ayurvet initiatives in the
field of agriculture through
Ay u r v e t P r o G r e e n
Hydroponics technology
and assured of his support
owing to the fact that this
technology would help in
conservation of the natural
resources and addressing
the nutritional security for
livestock and human being.
 Page 3
Contd. from page 1 THE BASIC UNDERSTANDING OF THE...
inflammatory response may be influenced by the
causative pathogen, stage of lactation, age, immune status
o f t h e c o w, g e n e t i c s , a n d n u t r i t i o n a l s t a t u s .
Polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) leukocytes and
phagocytes move from bone marrow towards the invading
bacteria and are attracted in large numbers by chemical
messengers or chemotactic agents from damaged tissues.
Masses of PMN may pass between milk producing cells
into the lumen of the alveolus, thus increasing the somatic
cell count (SCC) as well as damaging secretory cells.
Somatic cells consist mainly of PMN or white blood cells.
At the infection site, PMN surround the bacteria and
release enzymes which can destroy the organisms. The
leukocytes in milk may also release specific substances
that attract more leukocytes to the area to fight the
infection. Numbers of somatic cells remain in large
concentrations after bacteria are eliminated until healing
of the gland occurs. Clots formed by the aggregation of
leukocytes and blood clotting factors may block small
ducts and prevent complete milk removal. Damage to
epithelial cells and blockage of small ducts can result in
the formation of scar tissue in some cases, with a
permanent loss of function of that portion of the gland. In
other cases, inflammation may subside, tissue repair may
occur, and function may return in that lactation or the
subsequent one.
Mastitis Causing Bacteria
Disease causing bacteria are often referred to as
pathogens. The most common mastitis pathogens are
found either in the udder (contagious pathogens) or the
cow's surroundings (environmental pathogens), such as
bedding, manure, soil, etc. Contagious mastitis
pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus
agalactiae) are spread from infected udders to "clean"
udders during the milking process through contaminated
teatcup liners, milkers' hands, paper or cloth towels used to
wash or dry more than one cow, and possibly by flies.
Although new infections by environmental pathogens
(other streptococci such as Str. uberis and Str. dysgalactiae
and coliforms such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella) can
occur during milking, primary exposure appears to be
between milkings. Coliform infections are usually
associated with an unsanitary environment (manure
and/or dirty, wet conditions), while Klebsiella are found in
sawdust. About 50% of environmental streptococci
infections display clinical symptoms. Sixty to 70% of
environmental pathogen infections exist for less than 30
days and are not easily detected.
Subclinical infections are those in which no visible
changes occur in the appearance of the milk or the udder,
but milk production decreases, bacteria are present in the
secretion, and composition is altered. There exits a
Feeding Schedule and Cost
negative relationship between SCC and milk yield. Many of
the cows with SCC over 200,000 may have subclinical
mastitis.
Effect on Milk Composition
Mastitis resulting from major pathogens causes
considerable compositional changes in milk, including
increases in SCC. The types of proteins present change
dramatically. Casein, the major milk protein of high
nutritional quality, declines and lower quality whey
proteins increase which adversely impacts dairy product
quality, such as cheese yield, flavour and quality. Serum
albumin, immunoglobulins, transferrin, and other serum
proteins pass into milk because vascular permeability
changes. Lactoferrin, the major antibacterial iron-binding
protein in mammary secretions, increases in concentration,
likely because of increased output by the mammary tissue
and a minor contribution from PMN. Milk protein
breakdown can occur in milk from cows with clinical or
subclinical mastitis due to presence of proteolytic enzymes.
Plasmin increases proteolytic activity by more than 2-fold
during mastitis. Plasmin and enzymes derived from somatic
cells can cause extensive damage to casein in the udder
before milk removal. Deterioration of milk protein as a
result of mastitis may continue during processing and
storage. Mastitis increases the conductivity of milk and
sodium and chloride concentrations are elevated.
Potassium, normally the predominant mineral in milk,
declines. Because most calcium in milk is associated with
casein, the disruption of casein synthesis contributes to
lowered calcium in milk.
Effect on dairy industry
Mastitis is responsible for heavy economic losses due to
reduced milk yield ( up to 70%), milk discard after
treatment (9%), treatment costs (75), premature culling
(14%), decrease in milk quality and price due to high
bacterial / somatic cell count, increased risk of subsequent
mastitis, herd replacement, antibiotics residue in milk and
its products and rejection by processor and consumer.
Though cows with clinical mastitis have more dramatic
changes in milk yield and composition than cows with
subclinical mastitis, the losses due to latter are more severe
than those due to the former. The Indian diary industry
suffers and annual loss of approximately 526 millions
dollars due to mastitis, 70% of which is due to subclinical
mastitis.
Diagnosis
While acute clinical mastitis is easily suspected/recognized
even by farmers and is readily diagnosed due to udder
swelling, pain and drastic decrease in milk production, the
sub-clinical mastitis has neither visual abnormalities in the
mammary gland (swelling, hotness, cracks etc.) nor in the
milk (blood, clots, flakes etc.). Therefore, routine physical
examination of udder and diagnostic screening tests for
early detection of mastitis and proper treatment of affected
animal are of paramount importance in order to minimize
losses due to sub-clinical and clinical mastitis.
Treatment and control: The treatment of the Mastitis is
definitely more expensive than its control. Needless to
mention in Clinical Mastitis parenteral and intra-mammary
antibiotics are used. The word of caution is the judicious
use. The intra-mammary use of antibiotics should be
avoided to the best possible extent as this is likely to create
more damage to udder.
Some of the control measures are as mentioned below:
1. The best possible way is to regularly examine the udder
milk for possibility of Sub-Clinical Mastitis.
2. The udder and the teats should be washed pre and post
milking with clean water.
3. Herbal teat-dip should be used for cleaning and
disinfecting the udder.
JAN-FEB 2015
4. Post diagnosis of Sub-Clinical Mastitis. Mastilep should
be applied with gentle hand on udder during post milking.
5. The Veterinarian should be consulted for farm
management, prevention/control and treatment of mastitis.
Conclusion
Mastitis not only reduces the productive capacity of the
cows, it is also expensive to treat. Therefore, its prevention
should be the prime concern of each farmer. Effective
mastitis control strategies including prudent use of
antibiotics, adequate strategies including prudent use of
antibiotics, adequate housing with proper sanitation and
regular screening for early detection and treatment, follow
up of chronic case, culling of older cows with repeated
attacks, avoiding consecutive milking and susceptibility
testing of the mastitis pathogens before treatment are
recommended to alleviate the problem.
Compiled by team Ayurvet.
Novel Initiatives Towards
Mastitis Control
We are happy to share with
you that the scientific and
clinical validation of using
herbals for control and
treatment of mastitis has now
been comprehended in the
form of book titled,"Bovine
Mastitis M a n a g e m e n t ,
Mastilep and Its
Applications". This is
likely to release shortly.
The contributors of the book
are the eminent scientist and
are known worldwide for
their contributions towards
providing solutions for mastitis control.
Round Table Meet on Hydroponics
Round table conference
The Round Table Meet on Hydroponics: An
Opportunity for Sustainable Food and Feed
Production Towards Better Health was organised on
th
24 December 2014 by Ayurvet Ltd. at National
Academy of Agricultural Sciences under the
chairmanship of Dr. M. P. Yadav, Secretary, (NAAS).
Dr. Rahman Mullick, shared his innovative experiences
through his presentation on Hydroponics Technology.
Team Ayurvet shared the brief history about Ayurvet
ProGreen Hydroponics Technology.
The meeting was well attended by the govt officials,
policy planners, veterinarians, professors from
agriculture and veterinary university, farmers etc.
Some of eminent guests and panelist included Dr. V. P. Singh
(Director, AIREA), Dr. Kusumakar Sharma (Ex.ADG,
ICAR), Mr. Rahman Mullick (Chairman, Singapore
Hydroponics), Dr. S. K. Pandey (Principal Scientist,
Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Karnal), Dr. B.S. Tomar
(Principal Scientist, ICAR), Dr. R. K. Sharma (Principal
Scientist, Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal), Dr. R. S.
Khanna (Director, Kwality Dairy). Team Ayurvet lead by
Mr. M.J. Saxena also participated.
The experts actively participated and shared their views
and observations. The stakeholders appreciated the work
done and expressed that this technology holds the future
for conservation of national resources and production of
quality feed and food for livestock and human being
respectively.
 Page 4
Animal Feeding Strategy under Current Feed Scarcity Scenario
Introduction
India is endowed with world's largest and most diverse
asset of livestock in terms of species and breeds within the
species. It posses one of the world's best dairy buffaloes,
draught cattle, carpet wool sheep and highly prolific goat
breeds. India has a share of 2.4% of the world's areas with
15% and 17.5% of world livestock and human population
respectively. The number of livestock per hectare is 1.58
and there is one livestock per 2.1 human beings in the
country. Because of large human population, there is huge
demand for land for food in the country, and there is a stiff
competition for food between humans and animals. The
food grains chiefly wheat, paddy, maize, barley, bajra,
jowar and ragi are grown for human consumption and only
a smaller part is meant for livestock and poultry feeding, a
chunk of which is again diverted towards feeding of
poultry and swine.
There is a huge demand of land for food producation in
the country, along with stiff competition for food
between humans and animals. The food grains chiefly
wheat, paddy, maize, barley, bajra, jowar and ragi are
grown for human consumption and only a smaller part
is meant for livestock and poultry feeding. Better and
more persuasive strategies are required to meet the
feed scarcity challenge in the Indian livestock sector.
Apart from this feed grains, oil cakes and by-products are
one of the chief components of the concentrate feeds
commonly fed to ruminant livestock. Cottonseed cake and
meal are often used in cattle feed throughout the country
followed by rapeseed meal whereas groundnut meal is less
popular because of aflatoxin problem. Though the oil
cakes are supposed to be rich in protein and energy, the real
scenario is something different. In commercial feed
preparations, the cakes used are mostly solvent extracted
which have been already drained out of maximum oil for
human consumption and hence contain negligible oil
content. The problem of adulteration in oil cakes viz.
groundnut husk for cake, ureas for soybean meal,
argemone for mustard seed etc. is also present. Unlike
solvent extraction process during expeller processing, a lot
of heat is generated which detoxifies some of the naturally
prevalent toxic principles viz. gossypol in cottonseed
cake, glucosinolates in mustard seed cake, rapeseed cake
and protease in soybean meal etc. By considering the
above it is clear that solvent extracted cakes are of poor
quality and thus of low nutritive value. Another inherent
issue is regarding the import policy of oil cakes in India.
India regularly imports edible oil instead of the intact oil
seeds which creates problems for the country's crushers,
with the solvent extraction units running at only 50% of
capacity. Another chief and usual ingredient of ruminant
ration is fodders and forages, which are again short in
supply. Currently, there is scarcity of land for fodder
cultivation giving rise to a deficit of 25% dry fodder, 20%
green and 32% deficit of concentrate mixture (NIANP,
2012) and the gap between requirement and availability is
predicted to rise further.
Since years a large proportion of our animals are underfed.
Through natural selection and human interventions though
those animals rose into stress tolerant and optimal
producing breeds but gene responsible for economical
traits might have been suppressed. So, the concern
regarding nutrition of animals need to be taken more
seriously by all groups of animal science researchers.
Strategies undertaken to solve the animal feed
scarcity issue
Improving productivity in areas already under fodder
cultivation, improving productivity of grazing and pasture
Opportunity to Advertise in
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Reaching your Veterinarians, is now easier!
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Contact: Ayurvet Limited, 6th Floor, Sagar Plaza, Vikas Marg, Laxmi
Nagar Distt Centre, Delhi-92. (Tel.) 011-22455992-94, (Fax.) 011-
22455991 e-mail swati@ayurvet.com/info@ayurvet.com
JAN-FEB 2015
With the advancement of science, there is an overhaul mixture technology has also helped to a considerable
extent in overcoming the problem of infertility at field
in animal nutrition with emerging facets like
level. The livestock productions systems in India
nutrigenomics which studies the relationship predominantly sustain on feeding of crop residues. Fodder
between genome, nutrition and health. But in our and crop residue enhancement and densification are also
country nutrient availability is becoming a major the strategies adopted to solve the issue of their poor
limiting factor in expressing the genetic potential of nutritive value.
Indian animals which might lead to incompetent gene In Feb 2012, National Dairy Plan I (NDP-I) was initiated to
expression studies of animals. achieve the objective of 150 million ton milk yield by the
year 2016-17 under which along with production of high
genetic merit bulls, semen production, doorstep AI
lands, raising perennial fodder crops on field bunds and
emphasis was laid upon ration balancing and fodder
boundaries, peri-urban areas and exploiting ununtilized and
development programme. Unless provided balanced diet,
under-utilized fodder crops are some of the promising
it's not possible to exploit the genetic potential of animal
options to enhance fodder availability. In 12th five year plan
for higher productivity. The rations balancing can be done
period promotion of fodder cactus in arid ecosystem
with the feed ingredients available with the farmer with
especially in states of Rajasthan and Gujarat is taken up.
extra addition of some minerals, vitamins and some
Accelerated fodder development programme taken up by
concentrate feeds to fill the deficit of energy and protein in
the Ministry of Agriculture (2011) aims at accelerating
the ration leading to least cost ration formulation and also
production of fodder through promotion of integrated
efficient utilization of locally available feed resources.
technologies and processes by production of quality seeds
Research and field trials conducted with this idea lead to
and organized demonstration of appropriate forage
increased milk yield, reduced cost of milk production
equipments through state Agricultural Universities and
adoption of technologies like fodder block making units,
along with reduced methane emission. Under fodder
chaff cutter for fodder processing and silage making. Silage
development programme, focus is laid upon improving
productivity of fodder crops and common grazing lands
has nutritive value comparable or slightly lower than that of
and conservation of surplus green fodder for availing
green forage. Corn silage is a very good source of fodder for
during lean season. Local resource persons demonstrate
silage making and re-vegetation of common grazing lands
with high yielding cultivated fodder crops, grasses and
pasture legumes. Crops residues form the chief basal diet
of the Indian ruminant livestock though they are not
sufficient or balanced regarding their nutritive value.
Hence, they can be enriched with cakes, brans, grains,
molasses, hay and minerals and then densified into blocks.
This aspect of enriching the poor quality feeds is also
undertaken in NDP-I. Such densified blocks can be
produced and transported at cheaper cost compared to the
crop residues and areas to achieve optimum production
from the animals.
Scientists at IGFRI, Jhansi made the process easy, simple
by adding a gadget to existing threshing machine used in
the wheat-fields which lead to wheat straw treatment in the
Ayurvet ProGreen Hydroponic green fodder field without any additional cost (CAR News, Jan-March,
2014). The scarcity of crop residues is likely to rise in due
dairy animals. It can be complemented with a protein source course, since a part of cellulose rich crop residues are
such as Lucerne fodder or urea while making silage. partitioned towards paper mill, plywood industry etc. since
Reports suggest that corn silage provides adequate energy fibrous feeds are usual in ruminant ration, there is need to
for growing cattle and buffalo. Variation in fodder explore additional similar resources.
availability and quality year through reduces the intake and
digestibility due to change in microbial population during There is a need to lay emphasis upon processing of fibrous
the transit of fodder, which can be avoided by silage crop residues to enhance their nutritive value. Urea
feeding. Silage processing reduces the daily wages towards
treatment of straws has proven effective in replacing a
labour for cutting and transport of fodder from field to good quantity of protein feed in low and medium yielders
farms and also leaves the field open for new crop sowing
but its use is limited due to the huge expenditure on labour
leading to efficient utilization of land. Thus, more crops cost in the spreading, sprinkling urea solution and in heap-
could be obtained from limited land. Another very easy
making etc.
energy saving method of fodder preservation in tropical
climate without compromising quality is by drying the Contd. on page 7...
fodders before reaching
maturity in the form of hay.
Mostly fodders like Lucerne,
oat, cowpea, berseem etc. are
dried for hay making.
Progressive farmers in Punjab
state report that guinea and
Lucerne hay could exclusively
support milk yield up to 10
litre.
Over the years, considerable
technological advancement has
taken place in the feed and
fodders focusing on
enhancement of their
nutritional quality and
subsequently productivity
enhancement. One such very
effective and well adopted
technology is bypass nutrient
technology which has been
taken up by private feed
manufactures as well as
National Dairy Development
Board (NDDB) and dairy
federations. Its benefits have
percolated to the ground level.
The area specific mineral
 Page 5
ANIMAL MANAGMENT DURING SUMMER STRESS
Introduction
Dairy animal produce milk most
efficiently in environments where they
can maintain their body temperature at
around 38 o C. Tissue and cellular
metabolism and the underlying
biochemical reactions that sustain life and
productive functions need body
temperature to be maintained within very
narrow limits. Relatively small increases
o
in body temperature of at least 1 C result in detectable,
deleterious effects on metabolism and tissue integrity, in
particular, the breakdown of body protein and a significant
depression in production. The condition resulting in this,
where heat load on the body of the animal exceeds heat
dissipation is called heat stress.
Heat stress is a result of an imbalance between heat gain
and heat dissipation in an animal, and when the heat load of
a cow is greater than her capacity to lose heat. Animal in
general gain heat through metabolic heat production and
environmental heat gain through solar radiation input and
elevated ambient temperature. High relative humidity, lack
of air movement and poor night cooling are additional
factors of heat stress.
The dairy animal, dissipates heat by two distinct methods;
evaporative and non-evaporative pathways.
Evaporative cooling is mainly effected through sweating
and respiration. Heat stress itself is a function of time,
temperature and humidity, because animal rely on water
evaporation via sweating and panting to dissipate an
excess of heat they have generated metabolically or
absorbed from the environment. The primary factors that
cause heat stress in dairy animal are high environmental
temperatures and high relative humidity. In addition,
radiant energy from the sun contributes to stress if animals
are not properly shaded. As the environmental temperature
increases, the difference between the temperature of the
animal surroundings and their body decreases and her
reliance on evaporative cooling (sweating and panting) to
dissipate body heat increases. However, high relative
humidity reduces the effectiveness of evaporative cooling
and during hot, humid summer weather, the animal cannot
eliminate sufficient body heat and her body temperature
rises. The tremendous amount of body heat that the high
yielding dairy cow produces is helpful in cold climates but
is a severe liability during hot weather and in hot climates.
The physical heat production of an animal is also
controlled by both internal factors and external factors of
an animal. Internal heat load comes from basic functions
such as respiration, digestion, as well as other daily
maintenance requirements. These factors will be
influenced by stage of lactation, production levels, as well
as quantity, quality and type of feed consumed. External
physical heat loads are management factors that affect
physical activity and performance. Animal comfort, layout
of facilities, stocking densities and fly control can all
impact on the animal external physical heat load.
Buffaloes are more prone to heat stress than cattle due to
scarcely located sweat glands, black color and sparse hair
on body surface. The sweat glands of buffalo skin have a
low blood supply, number of sweat glands per unit area of
skin is about one third of that of cattle and the thickness of
corneum layer and epidermis is about double that of cattle.
The thickness and the black pigment of the buffalo skin
help in absorption of more heat and leads to
disproportionate convective and radiative heat losses from
the extremities during exposure to solar radiation.As
mentioned earlier, heat load will increase as temperature,
humidity and solar radiation increase and air movement
decreases.
Effect of heat stress on animals
Under heat stress, a number of physiological and
behavioral responses vary in intensity and duration in
relation to the animal genetic make up and environmental
factors. The degree to which an animal resists rise in
temperature varies with species because of difference in
their heat regulation mechanism.
When animals are exposed to rising air temperature, the
first response observed was increase in respiration rate. Air
0
temperature up to around 30 C has little effect on
respiration rate and rectal temperature. At higher
temperature above 410C, rectal temperature of animal will
increase rapidly, while the respiration rate rises rapidly to
about 3-4 times the normal values. Under thermal stress,
animal employs moderate level of sweating and resort to
open mouth panting.
Physiological state of dairy animals is a predisposing
factor in environmental influences on animal health.
Heat stress reduces libido, fertility and embryonic
survival in animals.
Thermal stress lowers feed intake of animal which in turn
reduces their productivity in terms of their milk yield, body
weight and reproductive performance. Under thermo-
neutral environmental conditions, most of the large
domestic animals are able to maintain equilibrium between
heat production and heat loss. High heat loads may lead to
energy deficit, even when they do not induce a marked
reduction of feed intake in animals.
Strategies for ameliorating heat stress
The effects of heat stress are costly to dairy farmers, but
there are opportunities to recover some of the losses to hot
weather. Physical modifications of environment, genetic
development of breeds that are less sensitive to heat and
nutritional management are the three major key
components to sustain production in hot environment.
1. Shelter management
With the help of managemental tools, it is possible to
modify the microenvironment to enhance heat dissipation
mechanism to relieve heat stress.
(a)Scientific construction of animal shed so the air
movement will not be hampered
(b) Provide comfortable micro-environment to animals.
(c) Use of cooling ponds, water sprinkler system and whole
body bathing.
(d) Use of cooler for cooling of animal sheds.
There is no doubt that shading is one of the cheapest ways to
modify an animal's environment during hot weather.
Although shade reduces heat accumulation, there is no
effect on air temperature or relative humidity and additional
cooling is necessary for farm animals in a hot humid
climate.
JAN-FEB 2015
2. Nutritional management
It has been documented that both low and high ambient
temperature cause oxidative stress. Oxidative damage, as a
result of heat stress may be minimized by antioxidant
defense mechanisms that protect the cells against cellular
oxidants and repair system that prevent the accumulation
of oxidatively damaged molecules. Antioxidants, both
enzymatic and non-enzymatic, provide necessary defense
against oxidative stress as a result of thermal stress.
I.Non enzymatic antioxidants in reducing oxidative stress
a)Vitamins
Both vitamin C and vitamin E have antioxidant properties.
Antioxidant vitamins have proved to protect the biological
membranes against the damage of ROS and the role of
vitamin E as an inhibitor chain blocker- of lipid
peroxidation has been well established. Like vitamin E,
ascorbate is also a chain breaking antioxidant. It prevents
lipid peroxidation due to peroxyl radicals. It also recycles
vitamin E. It protects against DNA damage induced by
H2O2 radical. Vitamin C has a paradoxical effect as it can
also produce ROS by its action on transition metal ions.
Both ascorbate and zinc are known to scavenge reactive
oxygen species (ROS) during oxidative stress. Vitamin C
was found to assist in absorption of folic acid by reducing it
to tetrahydrofolate, the latter again acts as an antioxidant.
Use of folic acid is impaired when vitamin C is deficient.
b)Minerals and trace elements
Zinc and other trace elements like copper and chromium
act as typical antioxidants as they work indirectly. Zinc is a
catalytic cofactor for Cu/Zn SOD and catalyzes
dismutation of superoxide anion, producing molecular
oxygen and H2O2, the latter product is usually
metabolized by GPx and CAT. The activity of Cu/Zn SOD,
CAT and GPx is decreased in copper deficient animals. It is
also reported that normal copper levels are necessary to
maintain the structural integrity of DNA during oxidative
stress.
Supplementation of electrolytes is one among the
nutritional strategies to combat heat stress in animals.
Addition of Na+, K+ and Cl- is benefited in heat stressed
dairy cows in terms of milk yield, acid base balance and
altered temperature. Supplementation of sodium and
potassium in the form of bicarbonate/carbonate also help
in better regulation of acid-base balance in the blood.
3.Amelioration through immunomodulation by
dietary supplement
The immunostimulant effect of antioxidant depends on
age and immune state of organisms.The effect of heat
stress can be neutralized by complex antioxidant system
that can organism develops. The antioxidant system can be
booked by supplementing antioxidants in diet. Vitamin C
and trace minerals like zinc have proved to play a vital role
as modulators of antibody response and enhances of
wound healing in domestic animals.
Ajeet Kumar & Anil Gattani, Assistant Professor,
Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Bihar Veterinary College, Patna
I

Page 6
NEWS & VIEWS
The involvement of women into dairy sector should be enhanced
-Radha Mohan Singh
Hon'ble Union Agriculture Minister, Shri.
Radha Mohan Singh has stressed the need
to further enhance the involvement of
women into dairy sector.
Shri. Radha Mohan Singh said, that value
of milk produced in India is now more
than the value fetched by rice/paddy. We
are the biggest producer of the milk in the
world and even export skimmed milk
powder.
Highlighting the Government initiative to protect
indigenous breed of cow, the Agriculture Minister said that
Indigenous breeds of cows are about 83% of total number
of cows, if their productivity goes up, even marginally,
total milk production shall grow beyond our expectations.
Indigenous cows are tolerant to climate change as well.
The Government is working on Gokul Mission worth
Rs.500 crores to promote the breed.
Dr. S. Ayyappan, DG, ICAR releases book on Food Security of India
Dr. S. Ayyappan, Secretary, DARE and DG, ICAR released a
book on Food Security of India: An Overview authored by
Dr. Suresh C. Modgal and published by National Book
Trust, India. Dr. Ayyappan, while congratulating author and
publisher, emphasized that food is in plenty but writing is a
casualty, hence, this is a welcome book on a most topical
issue having many concerns of global implications. He said
now food is not limited only to cereals and pulses but also
includes fruits, vegetables, fishes etc., hence, ICAR has
expended its spectrum of research for rainbow revolution.
Food security involves nutrition, health, environment,
employment and many other social issues as well.
(Source: ICAR- Directorate of Knowledge Management in Agriculture)
Ludhiana cow creates national milk yielding record
HF cow, which has created new national record in milking at the National
Livestock Championship in Muktsar
Russia opens doors to milk, dairy products from India
R ussia has lifted
restrictions on the
import of milk, cheese
and other dairy products
from India after
allowing buffalo meat
from the country. This
move is a result of
Western sanctions on
Russia over its role in the
Ukraine crisis, which
lead to Russia not buying food items from the EU, US,
Australia, Norway and Canada. Hon'ble Russian President Mr.
Vladimir Putin and Hon'ble Indian Prime Minister Shri.
Narendra Modi are likely to announce a Joint Study Group for
a feasibility study on a Free Trade Agreement between the two
countries, which would boost trade further.
There are hopes that restrictions on poultry products and
egg powder will also be removed soon as the Russian
Government has indicated its interest.
Russia imports more than $40 billion worth of food items
from Western countries, and a large chunk of that business
can gradually come to India, the Commerce Ministry
official said.
Underlining the importance of farmers in the economy,
Shri. Radha Mohan Singh said, it is our great fortunate that
Hon'ble Prime Minister, Shri. Narendra Modi has given
special focus on Agriculture in Union Budget. Prime
Minister Gram Sinchai Yojna will ensure proper
irrigation. First time in the history, we have introduced soil
health cards to check non judicious use of fertilizers and we
are committed to provide these cards to all farmers within
three years.
Shri. Radha Mohan Singh said, that banks were
nationalized long back but poor man never felt
empowerment from these institutions. Our Prime Minister
recognized the need and launched Jan Dhan Yojna which
has so many benefits for the poor man. Within short period
more than six crore accounts have been opened which
shows there no fault in the system but in the intention of the
people in governance.
Source India TV
Release of book by Dr. S. Ayyappan
A Holstein Friesian (HF) cow from Ludhiana set a new milk
yielding record by producing 62 kg at the milking
competition held during 7 t h National Livestock
Championship in Muktsar.
HF cow, owned by Mr. Dalit Singh Sadarpura from
Ludhiana, yields 61.88 kg of milk daily and has set a new
national record.
Meanwhile Murrah bull of Mr. Karambir Singh of
Kurukshetra in Haryana won the national championship.
The 1,400 kg bull has won eight prestigious championship
across the country in the past. An Andhra Pradesh farmer
had offered Rs.7 crore to buy the coveted bull.
A Sahiwal cow owned by Mr. Gurmai Singh from Muktsar,
made the new record by yielding 22.733 kg milk.
Sh. Otaram Dewasi: India's first Gaupalan Mantri
Shir. Otaram Dewasi is Rajasthan's Minister In- charge of
Cow Affairs. He is India's first ever minister holding the
charge of 'Gaupalan Department'.
Hon'ble Chief Minister of Rajsthan, Smt. Vasundhara Raje
had created separate ministry for the protection of bovine
considered to hold spiritual importance. The ministry of
Dairy and Devasthan
was formed and Sh.
Otaram Dewasi was
made its minister. The
core responsibility of
this ministry is to take
care of those temples
which are funded by
Government. Sh.
Dewasi, however, is
assigned an extra charge
of the 'gaupalan
department' too. His
responsibility also includes overseeing Rajasthan's Gau
Seva Commission and Cow Conservation Directorate.
Source India TV
JAN-FEB 2015
Contd. from page 2... Disincentive export of oil cakes
Science and Technology holds solutions to the problems to
address the various challenges. Our belief is in Science &
Technology and emerging power of Information
Technology to create awareness. Our efforts on research
and development are not only limited to Indian but across
the Globe. Through our sustained R & D efforts, we have
been able to evolve strategies for water conservation
technology, mitigating strategies for global warming and
induced Climate Change and to empower farmers with the
latest technology and tools for integrating Livestock and
Agriculture in a sustainable manner.
Q. What are the major setbacks to growth in your
sector?
A. The major growth impediment the sector is global
economy recession and within India the Natural Disasters,
Delayed Monsoon, Drought and Floods causing
unprecedented misery for the people in Rural Area. Inter
Sectorial diversion of the commodity resulting in high cost
of Feed, higher input cost, low return couple with high risk
is forcing farmers to turn their faces away from
Agriculture. The pressure on cultivable Agriculture land
and receding water levels as well as shifting climate is
disturbing the economy which is indeed severe setback for
the sector.
Q. With the new leadership in India, how do you see the
future of your industry?
A. We see the future as very bright. The reason being the
new Govt. is committing itself to harness the power of
billions of Indian people who live in Villages. The budget
allocation for Agriculture and Livestock has several silver
linings. Govt. has after a long time reposed faith in farming
community to make the agriculture GDP grow by more
than 5%. Govt. commitment for skill enhancement to
enhance the value of produce and to make it exportable is a
step in right direction.
Q. What policy initiative would you criticise and
advocate for optimum growth in your sector?
A. Agriculture is a state subject and therefore to criticize
centre for everything would not be right. If I have to
criticise, one of the foremost important step is allowing
the burning of crop residues. This is being done at the cost
of depriving our animals of their food. Besides
environmental pollution crop residues (wheat, paddy
straw and sugarcane baggase) burning is resulting in the
shortage and high cost of straw for feeding animals. It
should immediately be banned. We allow the export of oil
cakes, cereal and grains by-products which are the major
ingredients for Livestock feeding. This export of Raw
Material results in the domestic shortage pushing the price
of produce resulting in high inflation. Given the authority,
I would like to change this policy and offer incentives on
the export of milk and milk products, Egg and Meat and
Disincentivise export of oil cakes and burning of crop
residues. Our farmers need these resources to feed their
animals for their own sustenance as well as to contribute in
the food production in an economically viable manner.
Ayurvet Knowledge Symposium
2014 Proceedings
Ayurvet Knowledge
Symposium was
organized on 8th & 9th
October 2014 in
Delhi on the theme
of, Integrating
Agriculture and
Livestock for
Sustainability
Challenges of
Climate Change.
H.E. Dr. A. P. J. Dr.
Abdul Kalam,
Former President of
India graced the
occasion as the Chief
Guest.
We are pleased to
inform you that the Proceedings of the event have been
published for ready reference. To receive the copy
contact: Ayurvet Knowledge Symposium Secretariat:
Swati Srivastava 011-22455992(T), 9953150352(M)
 Page 7
Contd. from page 4
Animal Feeding Strategy under Current Feed Scarcity Scenario
Plant breeders in India have identified a number of
varieties/hybrids which could give a better quality and
higher yield of crop residue without any compromise in
grain yield. This would provide an opportunity for
augmenting the availability of fodder from crops like pearl
millet, sorghum, maize and oats. Development of many
interspecies hybrids in Trifolium is in progress in IGFRI,
Jhansi. Systemic forage crop breeding programme at ICAR
institutions and State Agricultural Universities have led to
development of a large number of improved varieties of
forage crops suitable for different agro-ecological zones.
Integrated fodder production system can also be adopted to
adjust the cultivation of fodder crops with that of main
crops and harvest them as per the needs. This can easily be
practiced by all classes of farmers under both irrigated and
rainfed conditions.
A plant like Azolla contains 25-30% protein, 10-15%
minerals and 7-10% of amino acids on dry matter basis and
is rich in essential amino acids, vitamins (vitamin A,
vitamin B12 and -Carotene), growth promoter
metabolites and minerals like Ca, P, K, Fe, Cu, Mg etc. It
has been tested to be palatable to cattle and other ruminants
with a potential to increase milk production by 15-20% in
milch cows. Aqua plants and vegetable wastes can be very
good alternative feed resources for ruminant feeding after
reducing the moisture content to certain limit. With the
scarcity in land for fodder cultivation of aqua plants and
their field trials.
As regards aquatic cultivation one of the emerging
technology of fodder cultivation is hydroponics. It is a
method of growing plants in water using mineral nutrient
solutions and no soil. Terrestrial plants may be grown with
their roots in the mineral nutrient solution only. Through
the concept of hydroponics is an old one, it has been
attracting interest from feed manufactures.
Fruits and vegetable wastes viz. carrot fresh tops and
pomace, carrot wet, cauliflower leaves, sweet potato,
tomato pomace dried, tomato pulp, citrus pulp, baby corn
husk and fodder, bottle gourd pulp, banana peels,
muskmelon peels and watermelon peels are produced on a
large scale from processing industries.
As per FAO (2012) fruit and vegetable processing,
packing, distribution and consumption in the organized
sector in India generate a total of approximately 1.81
million tones of fruit and vegetable wastes. A large
proportion of these wastes are dumped in landfills or rivers,
causing environmental pollution. Alternatives to such
disposal methods could be recycling through livestock as
feed resources or further processing to extract or develop
value-added products which will economize the animal
feed and also alleviate the environmental pollution
associated with disposal of fruits and vegetable wastes.
Conclusion
Feed scarcity is a major challenge to livestock sector in
India. So far though various strategies have been adopted to
combat the existing problem, but it has not yet reached to
farmers levels. So, there is need to rigorously implement
the strategies at all levels of ruminants feeding system.
Improved utilization of straw, stover and crop residues are
very important. Fodder variety development with emphasis
on multi-cut needs attention. By products of Food industry
and their utilization in ration balancing should reach the
needy dairy farmers. Hay and silage preparations and
feeding can also solve the problem during lean periods.
Sonali Prusty (Ph.D. Scholar, DCN Division, NDRI, Karnal)
Vijay Kumar Sharma (SMS, J&K)
Akash Mishra (Ph.D. Scholar, DCN Division, NDRI, Karnal)
S.S.Kundu (Principal Scientist, DCN Division, NDRI, Karnal)
JAN-FEB 2015
Treating infertility, a common problem in cattle
once in 18-21 days for 18-24 hours. But in buffaloes, the
cycle is silent posing a big problem to the farmers.
Successful heat deduction is possible only when the
animals can be properly identified when they come in
oestrus (heat), proper maintenance of records and proper
training of staff.
The farmers should closely monitor the animals 4-5 times
from early morning to late night. Poor heat deduction can
cause increased levels of infertility.
Considerable skill is needed to deduct the animals in heat
for visible signs. Farmers who maintain good records and
spend more time watching the animals obtain better results.
"To avoid fertilization failure, breeding should be done
during the oestrus period. Animals that do not show oestrus or
Reproduction is the first system to be affected by do not come to cycle should be checked and treated," she said.
malnutrition Deworming once in 6 months should be done for worm
Right Nutrition infestations to maintain the health status of the animals.
Cattle should be fed with a well balanced diet to increase Periodic deworming
conception rate. Infertility In cattle accounts for major A small investment in periodic deworming can bring
economic losses in dairy farming and dairy industry in India. greater gains in dairying. Generally vaccinations are
Maintaining an infertile animal is an economic burden and in avoided during pregnancy. For successful dairy farming,
most countries such animals are driven to slaughterhouses. nutrition plays an important role.
In cattle, nearly 10-30 per cent of lactations may be affected Balanced diet
by infertility and reproductive disorders. To attain good Cattle should be fed with a well balanced diet with energy,
fertility or high calving rate both the male and female protein, minerals and vitamin supplements. This helps in
animals should be well fed and free from diseases. increased conception rate, healthy pregnancy, safe
Many reasons parturition, low incidence of infections and a healthy calf.
The causes of infertility are many and can be complex. Care of young female calves with good nutrition helps them
Infertility or failure to conceive and give birth to a young to attain puberty in time with an optimum body weight of
one can be due to malnutrition, infections, congenital 230-250 kgs, suitable for breeding and thereby better
defects, management errors and ovulatory or hormonal conception, explained Dr. Cecilia Joseph.
imbalances in the female, according to Dr. Cecilia Joseph, Feeding adequate quantity of green fodder during
Associate Professor,Department of Clinics, Madras pregnancy will avoid blindness in newborn calves and
Veterinary College,Chennai. retention of placenta (after birth).
Sexual cycle In natural service, breeding history of the bull is very
Both cows and buffaloes have the sexual cycle (oestrus) important to avoid congenital defects and infections.
Infections of the uterus can be largely avoided by having
cows served and calved under hygienic conditions.
After 60-90 days of insemination, the animals should be
checked for confirmed pregnancy by qualified
90 Days post calving and animal veterinarians.
still not in pregnancy ? When conception occurs, the female enters a period of
anestrus (not exhibiting regular oestrus cycles) during
pregnancy. The gestation (pregnancy) period for cow is
May be it is heading towards Infertility ...
about 285 days and for buffaloes, 300 days.
Avoid transportation
Unwarranted stress and transportation should be avoided
during the last stages of pregnancy. The pregnant animal
should be housed away from the general herd for better
feeding management and parturition care, they elaborated.
Pregnant animals should be drained of their milk two months
before delivery and given adequate nutrition and exercise.
Ensure Timely
This helps in improving the health of the mother, delivery
Conception With
* of a healthy calf with average birth weight, low incidence of
EJM diseases and early return of sexual cycle.
Breeding cycle
Perfect trio to revive the animal Breeding can be started within four months or 120 days
From INFERTILITY to in FERTILITY after delivery to achieve the goal of one calf per year for
* economic and profitable dairy farming, according to them.
EXAPAR JANOVA
TM
MINTRUS Dr. T. Senthilkumar, Assistant Professor, Directorate of Extension
Uterine Cleanser and Restorative For Inducing Ovulatory Oestrus Trace Mineral Caplets Education, TANUVAS, Chennai - 600 051, Tamil Nadu
AYURVET SOLUTIONS FOR OPTIMUM GROWTH
& BOOSTING MILK PRODUCTION
 Page 8 JAN-FEB 2015

Contd. from page 1 Sabka Sath, Sabka Vikas'...

Vet studies set for a major revamp this will positively impact agriculture:
1. Financial support to extend irrigation and soil health for
Veterinary education enhancing agricultural productivity.
They would be also required to adopt at least five villages and 2. Raising the agricultural credit and
is in for a big revamp. ensure best possible service to the animal sector as a part of the
Soon, not only will 3. Creation of a unified national agricultural market to
lab to land transfer of technology. fetch a fair price for the farm produce.
the existing colleges VCI is also demanding formation of an Indian Council of
increase their intake Veterinary Research (ICVR) on lines of the Indian Council of Budget Highlights:
from 60 to 100 seats Medical Research (ICMR) to push veterinary research.
annually but would 1. The budget give farmers freer access to markets by possibly
WHAT'S NEW
also be restructuring Dr. Umesh Chandra Sharma dismanting 'mandis'.
Dr. Gurdial Singh 1. Increase in seats in existing colleges from 60 to 100.
their syllabus. President, VCI Vice President, VCI 2.Amendments in VCI Act to allow setting up of new government 2. Budget provides Rs.5,300 cr to support micro irrigation
Colleges will be and private colleges and certain other provisions. watershed programmes under the Pradhan mantra Gram Sinchai
graded based on quality.Veterinary Council of India (VCI) has 3.Restructuring of BVSc as well as Animal Husbandry Yojana.
these and more plans for improving overall standard of degree course. 3.To emphasise special focus on skill development and promote
veterinary education in the country. Decisions in this regard 4.Online registration compulsory with VCI for praticising entrepreneurship the National Skill Mission with a budgetary
were taken at the first general body meeting (GBM) of the new anywhere in the country. allocation of Rs. 1500 crore found place in budget.
VCI in city. Speaking during the meeting, VCI President, Mr. 5.CBSE to hold All India entrance examination for the 15% 4. The budget shows intent to support organic farming.
Umesh Chandra Sharma said animal husbandry sector all India quota seats instead of VCI. Provision of SC/ST 5. Union budget focuses on Swachh Bharat Abhiyan and linking
contributed as much as 3.49% to the GDP of the country. It reservation. Online counselling for students. this with healthcare.
constituted 28% of the total agricultural GDP. It needed much 6.New policy for starting veterinary colleges.
more investment and attention.Unfortunately, veterinary 7.Each college to have a website and display information
sector did not have adequate manpower and infrastructure. As about staff, equipment, infrastructure etc on it with National Agri Market, Soil Testing
per last animal census, the country needed about 1.16 lakh certificate of dean. Coming Up
veterinarians. "We have 63,000 registered veterinarians which 8.Grading of all government &private colleges on the basis of quality. (A) Soil health and water conservation
means we are almost 50% short. 9. Elections of all state councils to be held online. Farmer prosperity will primarily depend on
He said this would help generate about 2000 more 10. Demand for more budgetary allocations. increasing productivity in agriculture. Therefore, there is
veterinarians annually and meet the projected demand of 11.Re-designing VCI website to display all information major thrust on Soil Health and per drop more crop
2025. At present, there were just 37 government colleges about veterinary field and colleges. for ushering in prosperity:
with VCI recognition in the country. 12. Implementing Gokul Mission aimed at conserving 1. Soil Health Card Scheme to be supported by
The colleges would have to self-certify that they had the indignous breeds of cattle and germplasm. Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana for organic farming
required staff, equipment and infrastructure as per the VCI Source- Times of India News.
with an allocation of Rs.300 cr.
norms and put all the data on their website by January 31.
2. Per drop more crop: Rs.5,300 cr. allocation for micro
World's first cloned buffalo 'Garima' India launched vaccine to treat irrigation, watershed development and Pradhan Mantri
Krishi Sinchai Yojana. States urged to chip in substantially.
delivers second calf at NDRI deadly bluetongue disease 3. Emphasis onAgricultural Research and Education Rs. 6320 cr.
4. Focus on improving quality and effectiveness under
A new vaccine called 'Raksha Blu' MGNREGA.
World's first cloned buffalo 'Garima' delivered its second
against the deadly 'bluetongue' disease 5. Rs.481.50 cr. allocated for Dairy Vikas Abhiyan.
calf at the National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI),
was developed and launched in India 6. Rs.410 cr. allocated for Blue Revolution.
Karnal. A team of scientists used the 'hand-guided cloning
recently. The vaccine was launched by 7. Rs.72968 cr. kept for fertilizer subsidy.
technique' to deliver a female calf in December, 2014.
the Gachibowli facility of Indian (B)Farm credit, rural infra funding support
The calf named 'Karishma' is the eighth calf cloned by the
Immunologicals Limited (IIL) to treat 1.Rs.25,000 Cr. allocated to the corpus of Rural
institute. NDRI Director, Dr. A.K. Srivastava said, "The Infrastructure Development Fund in NABARD.
bluetongue disease that affects lakhs of sheep, goats and
weight of the calf at the 2.Rs.15,000 cr. for Long Term Rural Credit Fund.
cattle countrywide. The vaccine has been launched with an
time of birth was 35 kg 3.Rs.45,000 cr. for Short Term Cooperative Rural Credit
aim to minimise the economic loss of the animal farming
and the newborn is Refinance Fund.
community due to the disease. The vaccine is priced at Rs.
keeping good health,". The budget shows intent to support organic farming and
5 for the farmers and has been developed to protect the
NDRI had produced the continued support for micro irrigation and watershed
animals against five strains of the 'bluetongue' virus.
world's first cloned management.
buffalo female calf in Key to increasing agriculture productivity, extension of
2010. Garima was born Workshop on Animal Nutrition irrigation and improved soil health pave the way for greater
on August 22, 2010, using embryonic stem cells through demand for quality seeds of high-yielding hybrids and varieties
'hand guided cloning technique'. Source Times of India Research: A Way Forward of three major food basket crops-rice, wheat and maize.
(III) Renewable Energy Sector Gets Boost
On the occasion of completion of 125 years of its glorious
Introducing New Initiatives existence, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), the
The renewable energy sector has received the much needed
boost from the government with proposing the creation of a
premier national institute of veterinary science in
Climate Change and collaboration with Animal Nutrition Association, a
national infrastructure investment fund.
As environmental degradation hurts the poor more than
national level organization with more than 800 life
Mitigation Strategy members organized a one day work shop on the topic
others, we are committed to make our development
process as green as possible, a special emphasis laid
Global warming is one of the biggest challenge Animal Nutrition Research: A way forward in down in budget. The stress is on achieving the 1, 75, 000
towards the agriculture and livestock productivity. We December 2014. A Farmer-Scientist-Industry Meet was megawatt target set for clean energy installations by
are starting a new column to sensitize the stakeholders the main objective of this workshop. 2022. Apart from solar and wind power provision for
and fellow veterinarians towards the same. We look 10,000 MW of energy from biomass has been marked.
forward for your experiences and articles towards Partnering the New (IV) Boost to Health care sector
The resolve to support the health sector in big way has
addressing the issue.
Initiatives with Vets been shown by allocating an outlay of Rs. 33,150 crore.
The focus within the budget is on Swachh Bharat and linking
In an effort to further strengthen the ongoing initiatives this with healthcare will address broad-based health issues in the
towards providing education and services, we take this country. This will lead to greater awareness amongst people
opportunity to request the about hygiene. This can be directly liked with hygiene in animals
fellow veterinarians and on whom we are directly dependent for our food security through
research institutes to kindly milk, meat, egg, butter and cheese etc. The hygiene factor in
nominate themselves towards animal would help in reducing the disease incidence improving
the editorial board of Livestock health and productivity. The good health will enable higher
Future. productivity in various sectors, and thus would form an integral
We would also request you to component of the development agenda of the country.
send in your article and practical experiences towards We are happy to share that the Ayurvet initiative of 5Fs
treating the clinical cases and improving farm profits. (Food, Feed, Fodder, Fuel and Fertilizer) which Ayurvet has
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