Modern techniques

The objective of introducing some of the modern technique is to emphases how

petroleum industry is changed within the last 10 to 15 years .

Gathering and handling 3D seismic data

Petroleum industry used seismic data in early days for purpose of exploration and
determining new fields , now a days there are advance in using seismic data these
advance include :-

1- faster and more capacity computer :

The modern fast computer facilitate the handling and interpretation of seismic data ,
and its possible to storage a lot of data and handle them .

2- fast and effective methods :

These methods makes the handling and interpretation more efficient .

3- effective gathering tools :

By these tools we can gather the data by high accuracy from a suitable depth there
for the gathering of data becomes faster and more efficient .

4- interpretation tools :

In the past the seismic interpretation depend on taking tangential section and build
3D reservoir , but by modern technique we can get 3D data directly to build the reservoir
model .
Finally we can conclude that by 3D technique of modeling the reservoir the gathering
and handling of data becomes easy , faster and economically feasible .

Drilling and production from deep water

 There are a lot of difficulties and challenges that faces petroleum companies to recover
from deep water reservoir , these challenges are :-

1- drilling :
The drilling in deep water is very difficult and costly , but the modern drilling
techniques like the horizontal wells and multilateral wells minimize difficulties and
reduce the cost .

2- production :
In the past petroleum industry used fixed platform to production , but now a days the
companies use tower platform that is more flexible and can sustain large tangential force
, and it can used to produce from deeper water than before .

3- marginal field :
In the past its difficult to produce from small field because the platform is very
expensive , but today with horizontal and multilateral wells its become so easy to reach
these reservoir and connect them to one platform .

4- project development :
By the new technology the time needed to exploration and production is abbreviated
and that make the project profitable .

5- low temperature :
In the bed of the ocean the temperature is very low and this cause a lot of problems,
but by developing cementing technique these problems are solved .

6- environmental consideration :
There are a lot of environmental impact in producing from marine platform so its
required a lot of care and ware ,and its necessarily to apply health, safety and
environment regulations for example use special type of drilling mud ,safety equipment
under water for emergency situation and measuring the producing HC and transport it
directly and store it in the platform .