ECS 468

INDETERMINATE STRUCTURES

FLEXIBILITY METHOD
~ BEAM & FRAME~
Prepared by

OH CHAI LIAN
T1-A13-11A (Room ext: 6415)
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Uitm Shah Alam
Flexibility Method (Beam & Frame)
Lesson Outcomes

Able to identify the degree of indeterminacy

(redundant) of statically indeterminate beam &
frame. (CO1)

Able to formulate the compatibility equations

and solve the redundant forces. (CO2)

Able to analyze a beam & frame (determine the

support reaction, internal moment and
displacement) subjected to external load and
support settlement. (CO2)
REVISION:
Degree of static indeterminacy (d)
For beam & frame

d=r-n-c

d = degree of static indeterminacy

r = number of support reactions
n = number of static equilibrium
equations (n=3 for 2D structures)
c = number of internal hinge
Procedure of Beam & Frame Analysis by Flexibility
Method-Step 1 Principle of Superposition

Determine the degree of indeterminacy, d

d = degree of static indeterminacy
r = number of support reactions
d=r-n-c n = number of static equilibrium equations (n=3 for 2D structures)
c = number of internal hinge

Construct Determinate Primary Structure

Remove n unknown redundant forces but remain all real loads.

Construct Determinate Virtual/Redundant Structure

Remove all real loads and apply redundant force 1kN at the
removed redundant force

Analyze the both above determinate beams or frames.

Determine the support reactions and member forces
 Examples

Try these:
Determine the degree of indeterminacy, d
d=r-n-c
 Example

Try these:
Construct Primary Structure & Redundant structure

Real Structure
d = r-n-c = 4-3-0=1o
A B
The structure has 1 redundant.

Determinate Primary Determinate Redundant

Structure, Mo Structure, M1
Remove 1 redundant force, VB Remove real load and apply 1kN
but remain real load. at the removed redundant force.

A B A B
1 kN
Procedure of Beam & frame Analysis by Flexibility
Method-Step 2 Compatibility Equation
For Singly redundant, d = 1;

where
1 10 11
1 = Displacement at the corresponding redundant applied
1 10 11 R1 in real structure
10 = Displacement at the corresponding redundant applied
in primary structure
M 0 M1 11 = Displacement caused by R1
10 dx 11 = Flexibility coeff; Displacement caused by R1
L
EI
R1 = Redundant Force
2
M
11 1
dx Mo = Moment in primary structure
EI M1 = Moment caused by R1 = 1kN
L
Example on Principle of Compatibility

1 10 11 1 10 11R1 0
Procedure of Beam & frame Analysis by Flexibility
Method-Step 2 Compatibility Equation (cont)
For Doubly redundant, d = 2;
1 10 11 12 10
M 0 M1
dx
EI
1 10 11 R1 12 R 2
L

M 0M 2
20
L
EI
dx

2 20 21 22 11
M 12
dx
2 20 21 R1 22 R 2 L
EI
M 1M 2
12 21 dx
L
EI
In Matrix Form, M 22
22 dx
1 10 11 12 R1 L
EI

2 20 21 22 R 2 M2 = Moment caused by R2 = 1kN
Example on Principle of Compatibility
Procedure of Truss Analysis by Flexibility Method-
Step 3 Equilibrium Equations

Since the redundant forces / moments have been

calculated, the remaining unknown reactions can be
determined from equilibrium equations.
All the internal forces such as axial, shear forces and
moment in beam and frame could be obtained.
Deflection/ displacement/ rotation at any point on the
structure can be determined by using virtual work done.
EXERCISE 1

(a) Determine the reaction at the roller, support B of the beam.

Given EI constant.
(b) If in addition to the applied load, support B settles 50mm.
Given EI = 50000kNm2