LCR 93 InstallationManual PDF

GmbH
ATTITUDE AND HEADING REFERENCE SYSTEM

(AHRS)
LCR-93 PART NO. 142185
INSTALLATION / MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTION
Dec 2001
LITEF DOCUMENT NO. 142185-0000-840

GmbH

(AHRS)
LCR-93 PART NO. 142185
Dec 2001
LITEF DOCUMENT NO. 142185-0000-840

GmbH
LITEF GmbH
D4856
Loerracher Str. 18
D-79115 Freiburg
Germany
Tel.: ++49 761 49010
LCR-93 PART No. 142185
Dec 2001
E 2001 LITEF GmbH

All rights reserved, including the right to copy, distribute and translate. No part of this document may be reproduced without the express prior
written consent of LITEF, not even for archive purposes and e.g may not be made use of, reproduced or disseminated by use of electronic means.
TP1
LITEF DOCUMENT No: 142185-0000-840 Dec 2001
GmbH
INSTALLATION / MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTION 142185
1 General
The LCR-93 Attitude and Heading Reference System (AHRS) is an all attitude inertial sensor
system which provides aircraft attitude, heading and flight dynamics information to display,
flight control, weather radar antenna platform and other aircraft systems and instruments.
The LCR-93 is mechanized as a strapdown inertial measurement system using fibre optic rate
gyros (FOGs) and micromechanical accelerometers which are strapped down to the princi-
pal aircraft axes. A digital computer mathematically integrates the rate data to obtain heading,
pitch and roll.
A Magnetic Sensor Unit (MSU) provides the long term heading reference.
True Air Speed (TAS) input from an external Digital Air Data System (DADS) is used to im-
prove the attitude performance.
In addition, the LCR-93 is able to provide Inertial Altitude and Vertical Speed if augmented by
Pressure Altitude from the external DADS.
The LCR-93 P/N 142185-XX10 uses the data from a GPS receiver (via ARINC 429 Interface)
in combination with air data to provide the output data to drive a Head Up Display (HUD) with
speed vector indications.
NOTE
In case of conflict LITEF LCR-93 System Specification No. 142185-0000-312
has preference. This document may be altered by LITEFs discretion.
2 How important information is shown
Warnings, Caution and Notes used in this introduction emphasize the following important in-
formation:
WARNING
An operation or maintenance procedure, practice, condition, or
statement which, if not strictly observed, could result in injury or
death to personnel.
CAUTION
An operation or maintenance procedure, practice, condition, or
statement which, if not strictly observed, could result in damage
or destruction of equipment or loss of equipment effectiveness.
NOTE
An essential operating or maintenance procedure, condition, or
statement which makes the job easier or directs a user through a
procedure.
INTRO
Page 1
Dec 2001
GmbH
MSU CalPROM
AHRU
MSU (FLUX-VALVE)
OUTLINE DRAWINGS NOT TO SCALE
CCU (Optional)
LCR93 Attitude and Heading Reference System Frontispiece
INTRO
Page 2
Dec 2001
GmbH
THE LCR-93 INSTALLATION / MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTION

IS COMPILED OF FIVE MAIN SECTIONS, NAMELY :
SECTION 1 installation instructions
SECTION 2 description and operation
SECTION 3 testing and troubleshooting
SECTION 4 removal and installation
SECTION 5 storage / packaging / transportation
AND WITH EACH SECTION BEING DIVIDED INTO PARAGRAPHS

AND SUB-PARAGRAPHS
For a more comprehensive listing refer to the table of contents
PREFACE
Page1/2
Dec 2001
GmbH
FOREWORD
LITEF LCR-93 Level 1 Test Set

The interface may be operated using the LITEF LCR-93 Level 1 Test Set 309444-0000. The
Level 1 Test Set provides the infrastructure required to perform an access to the LCR BITE
history and to the AHRS mounting misalignment correction parameters. In other words it is a
tool for storing the BITE records into file and is then able to display on a screen the BITE history
information. It also enables a stimulation of the AHRS analogue interfaces to be performed
(only -2XXX and -3XXX versions), and also allows access to the acceleration monitor.
ITEM LIST
The Level 1 Test Set (see Figure 1) consists of the following LITEF and commercial parts. To
operate the Level 1 Test Set an IBM compatible PC is required as stated under Hardware
requirements.
LITEF Parts
P/N 309344-0000 J1 Adapter
P/N 309345-0000 J4 Adapter
P/N 309343-0000 J5 Adapter
P/N 309446-0000 Serial Interface Cable
P/N 309356-0100-701 Level 1 Test Software Disk
Commercial Parts
P/N 450910-4535 RS232 - RS422 Converter
P/N 450910-3173 DB9S - DB25P RS232 - Adapter
Hardware requirements
To operate the Level 1 Test Set the following hardware is required :
IBM compatible PC/AT (486DX33 or higher recommended)
VGA Graphics Adapter
1 Serial Communication Adapter (COM1:)
Hard disk with at least 1 MByte free disk space
550 kByte of available (free) Base Memory
DOS 5.0 or higher
Applicable Document
P/N 309356-0100-311 User Manual Level 1 Test Set for LCR-93
NOTE
At various parts of this IMI a NOTE is inserted which states that the interface may be
operated using the LITEF LCR-93 Level 1 Test Set 309444-0000. The details in this
FOREWORD are all applicable to the NOTE in the text.
FOREWORD
Page 1
Dec
Mai 2001
2001
GmbH
Adapter to
PC/Laptop
To aircraft comm port
J4 connector
To aircraft
J1 connector
calProm
J5 adapter
J1 adapter J4 adapter
Figure 1 LCR-93 Level 1 Test Set
FOREWORD
Page 2
Dec 2001
GmbH
RECORD OF REVISIONS
REV ISSUE DATE REV ISSUE DATE BY
NO. DATE INSERTED BY NO. DATE INSERTED
ROR
Page 1
Dec 2001
GmbH
RECORD OF TEMPORARY REVISIONS

TEMPORARY PAGE NO. ISSUE DATE BY DATE BY
REV NO. REMOVED
RTR
Page 1
Dec 2001
GmbH
SERVICE BULLETIN LIST

SERVICE SUBJECT MANUAL MANUAL
BULLETIN REVISION REVISION
NO. NO. DATE
SBL
Page 1/21
Page
Dec 2001
GmbH
LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES
SECTION PAGE DATE

Title Page Dec 2001
Introduction 1 through 2 Dec 2001
Preface 1/2 Dec 2001
Foreword 1 through 2 Dec 2001
Record of Revisions 1/2 Dec 2001
Record of Temporary Revisions 1/2 Dec 2001
Service Bulletin List 1/2 Dec 2001
List of Effective Pages 1/2 Dec 2001
List of Illustrations 1/2 Dec 2001
List of Tables 1 through 2 Dec 2001
Table of Contents 1 through 4 Dec 2001
List of Abbreviations 1 through 2 Dec 2001
Title Page, Section 1 Dec 2001
Installation Instructions 101 through 160 Dec 2001
Description and Operation 201 through 212 Dec 2001
Testing and Troubleshooting 301 through 326 Dec 2001
Removal and Installation 401 through 404 Dec 2001
Storage/Packaging/Transportation 501 through 506 Dec 2001
LEP
Page 1/2
Dec 2001
GmbH
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
No. TITLE PAGE
INTRO LCR-93 Attitude and Heading Reference System Frontispiece 2
FOREWORD LCR-93 Level 1 Test Set 3
SECTION 1
1 Interface Diagram LCR-93 107
2 Interface Diagram LCR-93 108
3 Examples of a typical wiring of a discrete output, e.g. AHRU Warn 118
4 AHRU Outline 138
5 Front View of AHRU showing connectors 139
6 KMT 112 MSU Outline and Mounting Diagram 140
7 FX-120/FX-600/FV-1 MSU Outline and Mounting Diagram 141
8 FX-125/FX-220 MSU Outline and Mounting Diagram 142
9 CCU Outline and Mounting Diagram 143
10 Tray Outline - Without Fan 144
11 Tray Outline - With Fan 146
12 CalPROM Outline 148
13 AHRS Mounting drawing 149
14 Interconnection Diagram CCU, LCR-93 157
15 Interconnection Diagram for Control Discretes 158
16 Shield termination of connectors using Backshall/Strain Relief method 159
SECTION 3
1 Typical LCR-93 AHRS Installation 306
SECTION 4
1 Installation of the AHRU 403
2 Removal of the AHRU 404
SECTION 5
1 Packaging of Electrostatic Discharge Sensitive Devices 503
2 Electrostatic Discharge Sensitive Device Labels (typical examples) 504
3 Location of Identification Markings 505
LOI
Page 1/21
Page
Dec 2001
GmbH
LIST OF TABLES
No. TITLE PAGE

SECTION 1
1 Power Consumption 104
2 Connectors Configuration 105
3 Azimuth Mounting Discretes 109
4 DG-Mode Logic Selection Discretes 109
5 Source/Destination Discretes 109
6 Analog Yaw Rate Scale Factor Discretes 110
7 ARINC Turn Rate Select 110
8 Control Discretes 111
8a DADS Select 112
9 Digital Air Data Input 113
10 GPS Input ARINC 429, Attachment 9 114
11 Flux Valve Input Wiring 115
12 Discrete Flag Warn Signals (Power Supply Module) 116
13 Discrete Flag Warn Signals (Synchro Module) 116
14 Discrete Flag Warn Signals (Interface Module) 117
15 Digital Binary Word Outputs 119
16 Digital Binary Word Output (P/N -XX10) (12) 120
17 Maintenance Discrete Word Output 122
18 Digital BCD Outputs 123
19 Discrete Word 1 (Label 270) 123
24 Input Discrete Word 1 (Label 303) 126
25 Input Discrete Word 2 (Label 304) 126
26 Synchro Outputs 127
27 2-Wire AC Outputs 128
28 Analog Self-Test Outputs 130
29 Discrete Self-Test Outputs 130
30 System Wiring (6 sheets) 151
31 AHRU/MSU Wiring 157
LOT
Page 1
Dec 2001
GmbH
No. TITLE PAGE

SECTION 2
1 RS-422 Maintenance Data Transmission Frame (2 sheets) 208
2 DITS Maintenance Data Transmission Frame 210
SECTION 3
1 Monitoring Summary for the Processor Module 308
2 Monitoring Summary for the Sensor Tests 309
3 Monitoring Summary for the Sensor Tests (continued) 310
4 Monitoring Summary for the Power Supply Module 311
5 Monitoring Summary for the Interface Module 312
6 Monitoring Summary for the Synchro Module 313
7 Monitoring Summary for the various Modes 314
8 Failure annunciation on Digital Output 316
9 Failure annunciation on Digital Output (continued) 317
10 SSM indications depending on System Mode 318
11 SSM indications depending on System Mode (continued) 319
12 Required Input Availability for Normal SSM Output 320
13 Required Input Availability for Normal SSM Output (continued) 321
14 Maintenance Discrete Outputs (Label 350) 322
18 Configuration Discrete Outputs (Label 155) 326
LOT
Page 2
Dec 2001
GmbH
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PARAGRAPH PAGE
SECTION 1 INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
1 INSTALLATION DATA 101
LRC-93 configuration list 101
Version Description 102
System Parts 103
Dimensions and Weight 104
Location 104
Power 104
Connectors 105
2 WIRING 105
3 PROGRAM PINS and OTHER DISCRETES 106
Program Pins 106
Azimuth Mounting Discrete 109
DG-Mode Logic Select 109
Source Destination Identifier 109
Analog Yaw Rate Scale Factor Selection 110
ARINC Turn Rate Select 110
Parity 110
Control Discretes 111
MSU Calibration Control 111
4 SIGNAL INPUTS 112
Digital Inputs 112
Analog Inputs 114
5 DISCRETE FLAG WARN SIGNALS 115
6 DIGITAL OUTPUTS 117
ARINC 429 Outputs 117
Bit Assignment in Discrete Words 122
RS-422 Outputs 125
7 ANALOG OUTPUTS 126
Synchro Outputs 126
2-Wire AC Outputs 127
2-Wire DC Outputs 127
TOC
Page 1
Dec 2001
GmbH
PARAGRAPH PAGE
8 SELF-TEST OUTPUTS 129
Self-Test on Ground 129
Normal Acceleration Test Output 130
9 COOLING REQUIREMENTS 130
10 AHRU ALIGNMENT REQUIREMENTS 130
Installation Tray 130
Mounting Recommendation 130
Mounting Screws 131
Misalignment Correction 131
Mounting Tolerance 131
11 FLUX VALVE (MSU) CALIBRATION 132
General 132
MSU Calibration Procedure 132
Index Error Compensation Procedure 134
MSU Calibration Procedure/Checklist 135
12 OUTLINE DRAWINGS 136
AHRU 137
AHRU showing connectors 138
MSU, Bendix/King 139
MSU, Honeywell, TECSTAR 140
MSU, Honeywell 141
Compass Control Unit 142
Tray, without Fan 143
Tray, with Fan 145
CalPROM 147
AHRU Mounting 149
13 SYSTEM WIRING 150
J1 (Power Supply) Electrical Pin Assignment 151
J2 (Fan Supply) Electrical Pin Assignment 151
J3 (Synchro) Electrical Pin Assignment (only AHRU / P/N 152
142185-2XXX)
J3 (Synchro) Electrical Pin Assignment (only AHRU / P/N 152
142185-3XXX)
J4 (I/O) Electrical Pin Assignment 154
J5 (CalPROM) Electrical Pin Assignment 156
TOC
Page 2
Dec 2001
GmbH
PARAGRAPH PAGE
SECTION 2 DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

1 GENERAL 201
2 PURPOSE OF EQUIPMENT 201
3 LEADING PARTICULARS 201
4 DESCRIPTION 201
Location of Units in Aircraft 201
Outline and Mounting Drawings 201
AHRU 201
MSU 201
CCU (optional) 202
5 MODES OF OPERATION 202
Alignment 202
Initialization 202
Alignment Phase 1 203
Alignment Phase 2 203
Motion Conditions during Alignment 203
Estimation of Earth Rate and Gyro Drift 203
Operational Mode 204
Normal sub-mode 204
Basic sub-mode 204
MAG sub-mode 204
DG sub-mode 204
MSU Calibration Mode 204
Entering and Leaving MSU Cal Mode 204
Flags and Heading Outputs 205
Data Collection 205
Calculation of Coefficients 205
Index Error Compensation 205
Self-test Data Mode 206
Maintenance Mode 206
Failure Logging and Malfunction Storage 206
Elapsed Time Counter 206
Output of the Failure History and Elapsed Time 207
TOC
Page 3
Dec 2001
GmbH
PARAGRAPH PAGE
Maintenance Output via DITS 210
6 POWER INTERRUPTIONS 211
General 211
Short Power Interrupt 211
Long Power Interrupt 211
SECTION 3 TESTING AND TROUBLESHOOTING
1 GENERAL 301
Initial Installation Check 301
Initial AHRS and Indicator Checks 303
Trouble Shoot AHRS Problems 304
2 SYSTEM INTEGRITY 307
General 307
AHRS Fault Monitoring Summary 307
DITS Status Indication 316
3 MAINTENANCE DISCRETE OUTPUTS 322
SECTION 4 REMOVAL / INSTALLATION
1 GENERAL 401
2 REMOVAL OF AHRU 401
3 INSTALLATION OF AHRU 401
SECTION 5 STORAGE / PACKAGING / TRANSPORTATION
1 GENERAL 501
2 STORAGE 501
3 PACKAGING 501
4 TRANSPORTATION 502
TOC
Page 4
Dec 2001
GmbH
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
The following are a list of abbreviations that are used in the text of this manual:
AC Alternating current
A/C Aircraft
ADC Analog Digital Converter
AF Audio Frequency
AHRS Attitude and Heading Reference System
AHRU Attitude and Heading Reference Unit
ANNUN Annunciator
ARINC AERONAUTICAL RADIO, INCORPORATED
Assy Assembly
ATT Attitude
AUX Auxiliary
BCD Binary-coded decimal
BIT Built-In Test
CalPROM Calibration PROM
CCU Compass Control Unit
DAC Digital Analog Converter
DADS Digital Air Data System
DC Direct Current
Deg Degrees
DG Directional Gyro
DITS Digital Information Transfer System
EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
ESD Electrostatic Discharge
FOG Fibre Optic Gyro
GND Ground
GPS Global Positioning System
HDG Heading
INTRO Introduction
HIL Hardware-In-the-Loop (test method)
I/F Interface
kts Knots
LEP List of Effective Pages
LOI List of Illustrations
LOT List of Tables
MAG Magnetic
Page 1
Dec 2001
GmbH
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS (continued)
MSU Magnetic Sensor Unit

MTBF Mean Time Between Failures
MUX Muliplexer
N/A Not Applicable
NCD No Computed Data (ARINC 429)
RAM Random Access Memory
PDOP Position Dilution of Precision
P/N Part Number
PROM Programmable Read Only Memory
REF Reference
REV Revision
RF Radio Frequency
ROR Record of Revision
RTCA Radio Technical Commission for AERONAUTICS
RTR Record of Temporary Revision
S/N Serial Number
SAV Standard Applied Voltage
SBL Service Bulletin List
SDI Source Destination Identifier (ARINC 429)
SGS Standard Ground Signal
SSM Sign Status Matrix (ARINC 429)
TOC Table of Contents
TP Title Page
TR Turn Rate
TSO Technical Standard Order
TAS True Air Speed
UUT Unit Under Test
YR Yaw Rate
Page 2
Dec 2001
GmbH
SECTION 1
INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
LITEF DOCUMENT No: 142185-0000-840

TITLE PAGE SECTION 1
Dec 2001
GmbH
1 Installation Data
This section contains information that will aid in the installation of the Attitude and Heading
Reference System (AHRS, frontispiece).
1.1 LCR-93 Configuration list

Version
Standard Speed Vector
P/N 142185-1000 P/N 142185-1010
P/N 142185-1100 P/N 142185-1110
P/N 142185-1102 n/a
P/N 142185-1105 n/a
P/N 142185-1120 n/a
P/N 142185-1122 n/a
P/N 142185-2000 P/N 142185-2010
P/N 142185-3000 P/N 142185-3010
P/N 142185-3100 P/N 142185-3110
P/N 142185-3101 n/a
P/N 142185-3102 n/a
P/N 142185-3200 P/N 142185-3210

SECTION 1 Page 101
Dec 2001
1.2
Feature
142185
-1110
-1122
-1120
-1105
-1102
-1100
-3110
-3102
-3101
-3210
-3200
-3100
-3010
-2010
-1010
-3000
-2000
-1000
Partnumber
X
X
X
X
X
X
Bendix King flux valve interface
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Honeywell / TECSTAR interface
Speed vector output
X
X
X
X
X
X
Synchro IF with 1 HDG reference
X
X
Version Description
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Synchro IF with 2 HDG reference
X
X
167 mV/deg two wire AC output
BASIC mode discrete
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Normal acceleration DC output test
X X
Common yaw / turn rate flag
X
X
X
Ground / Air discrete inverted
X
Label 350 bit assignment changed
X
X
X X
GmbH
Body rate anti aliasing filter
X
X
manual DADS selection
automatic DADS speed selection
X X
X X
X
Output Label 155
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
RTCA DO-160C / DO-178 Level 1
RTCA DO-160D / DO-178B Level
X
X
X
SECTION 1 Page 102

Dec 2001
GmbH
1.3 System Parts
Unit Part No.
Magnetic Sensor Units (MSU) P/N 1071-1052-00* Bendix/King KMT 112 (flux valve)
* to be ordered directly P/N 620359** Honeywell FX-120 (flux valve)

from Bendix-King
Bendix King
P/N 656520** Honeywell FX-125 (flux valve)
** to be ordered directly
from Honeywell P/N 2594484** Honeywell FX-220 (flux valve)
*** to be ordered directly P/N 7010133** Honeywell FX-600 (flux valve)

from TECSTAR
P/N 2961182-1*** TECSTAR FV-1 (flux valve)
MSU Calibration PROM P/N 124282-0000
Installation Kit (AHRU with P/N 124284-0000 (metallized plastic housings)

Synchro Interface)
(Mating Connector Set) P/N 124284-2100 (full metallic housings)
Installation Kit (AHRU without P/N 124285-0000 (metallized plastic housings)

Synchro Interface)
(Mating Connector Set) P/N 124285-2100 (full metallic housings)
AHRU Mounting Tray P/N 124260-0000 Standard Tray (excluding Fan)

P/N 144201-0000 Ruggedized Tray (excluding Fan)
P/N 140691-0000 Standard Tray (including Fan)

P/N 144200-0000 Ruggedized Tray (including Fan)
Compass Controller Unit P/N 140855-0010 (5V Lighting, black panel)

(CCU, optional) P/N 140855-0020 (28V Lighting, black panel)
P/N 140855-0030 (5V Lighting, grey panel)
P/N 140855-0040 (28V Lighting, grey panel)
Installation Kit for CCU if fitted P/N 141468-0000
Level 1 Test Set P/N 309444-0000

SECTION 1 Page 103
Dec 2001
GmbH
1.4 Dimensions and Weight
Dimensions Configuration Weight

AHRU, see Figs. 4 and 5 with synchro interface less than 2.60 kg
without synchro less than 2.20 kg
interface
MSU, see Figs. 6 to 8 incl. KMT112 0.136 kg
FX-120 0.680 kg
FX-125 0.680 kg
FX-220 0.680 kg
FX-600 0.680 kg
FV-1 0.680 kg
CCU, see Fig. 9 0.4 kg max
Mounting Tray standard with cooling fan less than 0.50 kg

without cooling fan less than 0.35 kg
Mounting Tray ruggedized with cooling fan less than 0.65 kg

without cooling fan less than 0.50 kg
MSU CalPROM, see Fig.12 less than 0.05 kg
1.5 Location
The AHRU is generally located in the aircrafts equipment bay electronics rack, and its major
axes must be parallel or perpendicular to the major axes of the aircraft. The CCU is installed on
a panel in the cockpit. The MSU should be located as far as possible from all sources of local
magnetic disturbances such as engines, electrical cables, or radio equipment. A wing tip or tail
section location will usually be satisfactory.
1.6 Power
The AHRU Power is designed to operate from either one of two independent 28 VDC input
power supplies. The power consumption of the AHRU is listed below. The maximum power
consumption of the optional cooling fan is less than 3 Watts (which is not included in table 1
below). Maximum nominal current is 2.5 amperes (at 13 volts). At power on, surge currents
can be as high as 10A for 10ms.
Configuration Power Consumption

nom. max.
P/N 142185-1XXX (without Synchro Interface ) 25 W 30 W
P/N 142185-2XXX, 3XXX (with Synchro Interface) 40 W 45 W
Table 1 Power Consumption

SECTION 1 Page 104
Dec 2001
GmbH
The AHRU System Power :

The AHRU provides following System power :
+24 VDC cooling fan power
+28 VDC CCU power
10.8 - 40 VRMS, 400 Hz flux valve excitation
CAUTION
These outputs may not be used for other than the intended purpose
without the written consent of LITEF engineering department.
1.7 Connectors
The AHRU external connectors are Sub-Min-D type with metric M3 screw lock and having the
following pin complements :
Connector Function Pins Connector type

J1 Power Supply 15 M24308 / 4-2
J2 Fan Supply 9 not required*
J3 Synchro Output 44 M24308 / 4-13
J4 Input/Output 62 M24308 / 4-14
J5 MSU CalPROM 15 not required*
Table 2 Connectors Configuration
* No wiring is required for connector J2 (Fan Supply), and for connector J5 (CalProm), because the
mating connectors are integral parts of the Mounting Tray with Fan and the CalProm itself. If a Fan is
not used a plastic cap should be installed on connector J2. The metal block attached to the end of the
CalProm retaining cable should be permanently affixed to the Mounting Tray with the two machine
screws provided.
The mating connectors with metric (M3) screw lock shall have metal or metallized plastic
backshells.
The MSU connector is 030-2189-00 for the KMT 112 flux valve.
The CCU connector is M83723/72R1415N.
1.8 Bonding
The measured bonding resistance at 1A between the AHRU and the installation tray shall be
less than 10 mOhm.
2 Wiring
Wiring details are provided in Table 30 at the end of this section.

SECTION 1 Page 105
Dec 2001
GmbH
3 Program Pins and Other Discretes
3.1 Program Pins
There are ten AHRU connector pins allocated for external program control as follows:
Pin Function
J4-32 Program Pin Common
J4-14 Mounting Position No. 1
J4-35 Mounting Position No. 2
J4-34 SDI 1
J4-54 SDI 2
J4-12 DG-Mode Logic Select
J4-53 Yaw Rate Scale Factor Select No. 1
J4-11 Yaw Rate Scale Factor Select No. 2
J4-17 Turn Rate Select
J4-13 Parity (odd)
Program Pin Common is grounded inside the AHRU. External jumpers from the other program
pins to Program Pin Common or to 28 VDC for ARINC Turn Rate Select respectively, allow the
AHRU to be programmed to get various installations and customized functions as described
on pages 109 and 110. (Program Pin Common should not be grounded to aircraft system
ground).

SECTION 1 Page 106
Dec 2001
GmbH
Aux. Power Annun.
Spare
Basic Mode Annun.
+28Vdc
Figure 1 Interface Diagram LCR-93 P/N 142185-1XXX

SECTION 1 Page 107
Dec 2001
GmbH
(*1)
Aux. Power Annun.
(*1)
Spare
(*2)
2
+28Vdc
Figure 2 Interface Diagram LCR-93 P/N 142185-2XXX / -3XXX

SECTION 1 Page 108
Dec 2001
GmbH
3.2 Azimuth Mounting Discretes
Azimuth mounting orientation in the A/C is identified by Mounting Position No.1 and No.2 Pins.
Program Pins Plug Fwd. Plug Aft. Plug Rt. Wg. Plug Lt. Wg.
Mount Pos. 1 open jump to open jump to
(J4-14) common common
Mount Pos. 2 open open jump to jump to
(J4-35) common common
Table 3 Azimuth Mounting Discretes
3.3 DG-Mode Logic Select
The DG-Mode Logic Selection discrete is applied to the program pin (J4-12). This results in the
DG/MAG Mode shown under the derived input control discrete.
Program Pin J4-12 DG/MAG Mode J4-57 DG/MAG Mode J4-57

DG-Mode Logic Select Input = 28 VDC Input = open
open DG-Mode Slaved Mode
jump to common Slaved Mode DG-Mode
Table 4 DG-Mode Logic Selection Discretes
3.4 Source Destination Identifier
Program Pins N/A System No. 1 System No. 2 System No. 3

SDI 1 open jump to common open jump to common
(J4-34)
SDI 1 open open jump to common jump to common
(J4-54)
Table 5 Source/Destination Discretes

SECTION 1 Page 109
Dec 2001
GmbH
3.5 Analog Yaw Rate Scale Factor Selection
Only applicable to PNs -XX0X and -XX1X.
Program Pins 200 mV/_/s 100 mV/_/s 333 mV/_/s 666 mV/_/s
YR-Scale 1 open open jump to common jump to common
(J4-53)
YR-Scale 2 open jump to common open jump to common
(J4-11)
Table 6 Analog Yaw Rate Scale Factor Discretes
3.6 ARINC Turn Rate Select
Output of Turn Rate at ARINC label 330 instead of Yaw Rate is selected by J4-17. For
calculation and bandwidth of the Turn Rate output refer to paragraph 7.3 (page 127).
Program Pin J4-17 ARINC Label 330

open Yaw Rate
+28 VDC Turn Rate
Table 7 ARINC Turn Rate Select
3.7 Parity
Parity check of Discrete Input Program Pins:

Parity = Mount Pos. 1 + Mount Pos. 2
+ DG-Mode Logic Select
+ ARINC Turn Rate Select
+ Yaw Rate Scale 1 + Yaw Rate Scale 2 (not applicable to P/N 142185-XX2X)
+ Parity Pin
= odd
If the number of selected (i.e. grounded or set to 28 VDC respectively) pins is even, then the
parity pin J4-13 has to be grounded, in order to get an odd parity.

SECTION 1 Page 110
Dec 2001
GmbH
3.8 Control Discretes
There are AHRU connector pins allocated for control discretes as follows:
Connector Control Discrete Description

Pin
J5-08 Cal. progr. load enable For lab test only (TTL logic)
J5-07 Program load enable For lab test only (TTL logic)
J5-09 HIL test enable For lab test only (TTL logic)
J5-10 Time tag reset For lab test only (TTL logic)
J4-55 Selftest data enable GND = Test data enable
J4-33 Maintenance data enable GND = Maintenance data enable
J4-57 DG / MAG mode select see Table 4
J4-16 Slew Left* Vsav** = Slew Left Platform Hdg (CCW)
J4-58 Slew Right* Vsav** = Slew Right Platform Hdg (CW)
J4-38 MSU calibration Discrete Vsav** = MSU calibration enable
J4-36 Ground Discrete Reference Reference for Standard Applied Voltage (SAV)
input discretes. (Internally connected to J1-15)
J4-37 On ground/in air Logic P/N -XXX0, XXX1 P/N -XXX2
( weight on wheels ) GND = in air GND = on ground
Open = on ground Open = in air
P/N 142185-XXX1
J3-35 Signal reference reference for J3-36 input discrete
J3-36 Normal accel. test enable (-15...-5)Vdc = Normal acceleration test en-
abled
(-2....0)Vdc = Normal acceleration test dis-
abled
P/N 142185-XX2X
J4-53 DADS select 1 See Table 8a
J4-11 DADS select 2 See Table 8a
Table 8 Control Discretes
* Slew function is enabled after alignment is finished.
** Vsav Input Range : 18.5 - 36.0 VDC

In DG-Mode initial slew rate is 2 _/s , after 3 secs, 8 _/s.
In Slave Mode platform heading will be set to MSU heading input.

SECTION 1 Page 111
Dec 2001
GmbH
Function
Program Pin No DADS /
Automatic DADS No. 1 DADS No. 2
BASIC
DADS select 1
open open jump to common jump to common
(J4-53)
DADS select 2
open jump to common open jump to common
(J4-11)
Table 8a DADS Select
3.9 MSU Calibration Control
The MSU calibration may be initiated manually either through the MSU calibration control
switch, located on the front of the AHRU, or by the MSU calibration control discrete J4-38. The
MSU calibration control switch is mechanically locked against accidental operation.

SECTION 1 Page 112
Dec 2001
GmbH
4 Signal Inputs
4.1 Digital Inputs
ARINC 429 Inputs
The AHRU provides two independent ARINC 429 input interfaces. These interfaces are used
for digital air data input and GPS data input. Both inputs run at same speed. Possible data bus
speeds are as follows:
Part Number Bus Speed
142185-XX0X Low
142185-XX1X Low
142185-XX2X High or Low
Digital Air Data Input
AHRUs with P/N -XX0X and -XX2X provide the capability to process data of one or two Digital
Air Data Systems (DADS). In case of two DADS they have to run at the same speed. AHRUs
with P/N -XX2X shall determine the DADS bus speed automatically during the start up period.
If two DADS are connected to the AHRU, input data channel selection is performed
automatically. After power on the initial air data source of the AHRU will be the DADS supplying
valid data. Input 1 is prefered. The decision for the labels used is independent of the input data
channel. A change will only be performed, if the selected DADS becomes invalid or unavailable
and the other DADS is valid.
AHRU with P/N -XX2X shall additionally accept a manual DADS selection from two input
discretes. The automatic channel selection remains the default mode.
The minimum accuracy requirements of the DADS inputs are stated in ARINC Characteristic
706-4 Mark 5 Subsonic Air Data system. The following labels are utilized by the AHRU :
Label Parame- Min. Signifi- Max. Approx. Units Pos.
( octal ) ter Update cant Bits Range Resolu- sense
BNR Rate tion
( Hz )
203 Altitude 8 17 131071 1.0 ft up
210 True Air- 8 15 2047.93 0.0625 kts forward
speed
Table 9 Digital Air Data Input
AHRUs with P/N -XX10 shall accept DADS input data on ARINC Bus No. 1 only.

SECTION 1 Page 113
Dec 2001
GmbH
GPS Data Input
AHRUs with P/N -XX10 provide the capability to process data of one GPS receiver connected
to ARINC Input Bus No. 2.
The minimum accuracy requirements of the GPS receiver are stated in ARINC Characteristic
743 Airborne Global Positioning System receiver. The AHRU does not use the labels specified
in ARINC 743, but accepts labels which are specified by ARINC 429, Attachment 9.
Label Parame- Signal Min. Significant Max. Approx. Units Pos.
(octal) ter Format Update Bits Range Resolu- sense
BNR Rate (Hz) tion
147 Magneti BNR 1 12 "180 0.044 deg CW-N

Variation
310 Latitude BNR 1 20 "180 0.000172 deg N
311 Longitude BNR 1 20 "180 0.000172 deg E
312 Ground- BNR 1 15 4,096.0 0.125 kts always
speed positive
313 Track BNR 1 15 "180 0.0055 deg CW-N
Angle
True
Table 10 GPS Input ARINC 429, Attachment 9.
RS-422 Input
The system provides two independent RS-422 input interfaces. Interface 1 is used for test and
calibration purposes. Interface 2 is a spare input.
Hardware provisions are made to operate these interfaces as RS-485 bus interfaces.
NOTE
The interface may be operated using the LITEF LCR-93 Level 1 Test
Set 309444.
Test and Calibration Input
The Test and Calibration Input allows command input and calibration parameter / program
download. The following data transmission parametrers are used :
Transmission Rate: 9600 Baud

Data: 8 Data Bits
Control: 1 Start Bit
1 Parity Bit (odd)
2 Stop Bits

SECTION 1 Page 114
Dec 2001
GmbH
4.2 Analog Inputs
Magnetic Heading Input

For heading augmentation the AHRU requires a magnetic heading input directly from a flux
valve (MSU). Depending on the system configuration (refer to paragraph 1) the AHRU
interface accepts different types of flux valves (refer to table 11). For correct operation the MSU
has to utilize the MSU excitation provided by the AHRU.
AHRU Input Connector Pin Bendix / King Honeywell / FX-Series
KMT 112 TECSTAR
(*)
J4-09 D A
J4-51 A B
J4-30 B C
J4-02 H D
J4-22 E E
Not connected F
Table 11 Flux Valve Input Wiring

NOTE (*)
The AHRU is designed for operation with flux valves generating 800Hz
output voltages in range of 900 to 1800 mV in a standard magnetic field
consisting of a horizontal field strength of 18,000 1,000 nT and a
vertical strength of 54,000 2,000 nT.
MSU Reference Input/Output

The input MSU REF. IN (J4-60) has to be connected to MSU REF. OUT (J4-39) inside
connector J4.
AC Synchro Reference Input
The AHRU requires the following 26 VRMS, 400 Hz reference signals :
PNs 142185-2XXX Attitude Reference
Heading 1 Reference
PNs 142185-3XXX Attitude Reference

Heading 1 and 2 References
These signals are to be the same phase as the reference used by the connected analog indica-
tor or control computer.

SECTION 1 Page 115
Dec 2001
GmbH
5 Discrete Flag Warn Signals

The system discrete outputs are as shown in Tables 12, 13 and 14. The AHRU discrete outputs
are relay contacts, which can switch resistive loads. The maximum current per contact is
110 mA.
Discrete Pin Logic
Power Supply Module

AUX Power Annunciator J1-07/12 Contact closed (GND) = ON AUX Power
Contact open = ON PRIM Power
Table 12 Discrete Flag Warn Signals (Power Supply Module)
Discrete Pin Logic
Synchro Module
Attitude Warn J3-03/18 Contact closed = Attitude valid
Contact open = Attitude invalid
Heading Warn 1 J3-17/32 Contact closed = Heading valid
Contact open = Heading invalid
Heading Warn 2 J3-16/01 Contact closed = Heading valid
Contact open = Heading invalid
P/N 142185-3XX0, -3XX2 J302/31 Contact closed = Turn Rate valid
Turn Rate Warn Contact open = Turn Rate invalid
P/N 142185-3101 Contact closed = Yaw/Turn Rate valid
Yaw/Turn Rate Warn Contact open = Yaw/Turn Rate invalid
P/N 142185-2XXX Contact closed = Yaw Rate valid
Yaw Rate Warn Contact open = Yaw Rate invalid
Table 13 Discrete Flag Warn Signals (Synchro Module)

SECTION 1 Page 116
Dec 2001
GmbH
Discrete Pin Logic
Interface Module
AHRS Warn J4-21/42 Contact closed = AHRS valid
Contact open = AHRS warning
P/N 142185-3101 J4-15/42 Contact closed = AHRS valid
AHRS Warn Contact open = AHRS warning
Acceleration Monitor J4-20/62 Contact closed = ACC. limit exceeded
Contact open = ACC. limit not exceeded
P/N 142185-3XXX J4-41/61 Contact closed = Yaw Rate valid
Yaw Rate Warn Contact open = Yaw Rate invalid
P/N 142185-2XXX Contact closed = Turn Rate valid
Turn Rate Warn Contact open = Turn Rate invalid
P/N 142185-1XXX Contact closed = Basic Mode
P/N 142185-3101 Contact open = Normal Mode
Basic Mode Annunciator
Autopilot Heading J4-19/40 Contact closed = Autopilot Heading valid
Interlock * Contact open = Autopilot Heading invalid
Table 14 Discrete Flag Warn Signals (Interface Module)
* The autopilot heading interlock contact is open when:

heading is invalid
the AHRS is switched from DG mode to MAG mode if the heading output is to be
altered to an amount of more than 1 degree (contact is open for two seconds).
- slew right or left function is selected :
in DG mode : (contact is open for at least two seconds).
in MAG mode : if the heading output is to be altered to an amount of more than
1 degree (contact is open for two seconds).

SECTION 1 Page 117
Dec 2001
GmbH
Figure 3 Examples of a typical wiring of a discrete output, e.g. AHRS

Warn
6 Digital Outputs
6.1 ARINC 429 Outputs
The system provides three identical two-wire digital data output busses per ARINC 429-13, all
of which include the binary and BCD data described as follows. The digital binary and discrete
outputs are described in the following tables:

SECTION 1 Page 118
Dec 2001
GmbH
Digital Binary and Discrete Outputs
Table 15 Digital Binary Word Outputs

SECTION 1 Page 119
Dec 2001
GmbH
Table 16 Digital Binary Word Output (P/N -XX1X only) (12)

SECTION 1 Page 120
Dec 2001
GmbH
Explanation to the numbers in brackets of Tables 15, and 16
All tolerances are "10% unless otherwise stated

(1) The specified accuracy will be achieved with all augmentation data available and valid
(normal mode, except where noted).
(2) Accuracy specified with constant altitude input and filter at a steady state with no error
assumed in air data input.
(3) Label 300 and 334 are the filtered and compensated magnetic sensor unit heading.
(4) The AHRS is capable of operating up to 600 deg/sec. The output is limited to
"128 deg/sec.
(5) The AHRS is capable of operating up to 10g. The output is limited to"4g.
(6) The Rates, Accelerations, Inertial Altitude and Inertial Vertical Speed outputs are
filtered with a 2nd order low pass filter. The total delay of these outputs including
sampling, filtering (8 Hz) and computation is less than 50 ms.
(7) Turn Rate is calculated from the yaw rate and roll angle according to the following
formula :
Turn Rate = yaw rate / cos (roll angle)
For roll angles exceeding 60 degrees, the roll angle is limited to 60 degrees.
(8) Independent of aircraft attitude 1.0g is subtracted from the measured acceleration. I.e.
the levelled system outputs (1.0 - 1.0) g = 0.0g, a 60_ tilt results in (1.0 * cos 60_ - 1.0) g =
(0.5 - 1.0) = -0.5 g .
(9) When aircraft is resting on the ground, output is to be zero.
(10) The Normal Acceleration at Label 301 is identical to Label 333 except the output is
limited to "8g.
(11) After a short power interrupt label is NCD for 1 second when power returns.
(12) The labels in Table 16 are computed only if DADS and GPS inputs are available and the
system is in MAG sub-mode (MSU is available). Data will be provided up to 30 seconds
after loss of Augmentation data. All accuracies of GPS dependent output data are
specified under the following conditions :
GPS Receiver KLN-900 (Allied Signal)
GPS PDOP : t3.0
2d-position (2dRMS) accuracy : 95 meters
GPS velocity accuracy : 3.0 knots (95%)
Magnetic variation accuracy : 0.5 degrees (95%)
Minimum groundspeed : 60 knots
Lever arm GPS antenna Vs. AHRU : t3 metres
Data latencies : 3..5 seconds
Specified accuracy within 1 minute after availability of augmentation data.
In order to meet the specified accuracy after aerobatic flight it is necessary to fly the
aircraft straight and level for 3 minutes.

SECTION 1 Page 121
Dec 2001
GmbH
(13) Accuracy specified for windspeed t10 knots

(14) The AHRS is capable of operating up to 600 degrees / second.
The output is limited to "32 degrees / second.
(15) Condition for DG Mode operation: DG heading is egual to magnetic heading.
NOTE
(*) N/A except for bit 13 : Basic Mode (always set in Self Test) (mod 7)
N/A except for bit 16 : selftest value of Autopilot Heading Interlock discrete
(refer to Sub-section 8)
(**) Only P/Ns -1105, -1120, -1122
Table 17 Maintenance Discrete Word Output

SECTION 1 Page 122
Dec 2001
GmbH
Digital BCD Outputs
The table below shows the digital BCD outputs of the AHRU.
Label (octal) Function Min. Update Rate (Hz)

046 Software Version 16
377 Equipment Identification 16
Table 18 Digital BCD Outputs
6.2 Bit Assignment in Discrete Words
Tables 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 and 25 show the Bit assignment in discrete words.
Bit No. Function Bit Status

1 0
1-8 Label
9 - 10 SDI Field
11 Align Mode/Ready Aligning Ready
12 Not Used
13 Normal/Basic Mode Normal Basic
14 Magnetic Heading/DG Mode Magnetic Heading DG Mode
15 Attitude Invalid Valid
16 Autopilot Heading Interlock Invalid Valid
17 Not Used
18 TAS Invalid Valid
19 AHRU Fault Normal
20 - 29 Not Used
30 - 31 SSM (always 0)
32 Parity (odd)
Table 19 Discrete Word 1 (Label 270)

SECTION 1 Page 123
Dec 2001
GmbH

1 0
1-8 Label
9 - 10 SDI Field
11 Acceleration Monitor Exceeded Normal
12 Normal Acceleration Warn Warn Normal
13 Fan Monitor Fail Normal
14 Heading Warn Discrete Warn Normal
15 Attitude Warn Discrete Warn Normal
16 Yaw Rate Warn Discrete / Warn Normal
Basic Mode Annunciator (1) Basic Mode Normal Mode
17 AHRS Warn Discrete Warn Normal
18 - 20 Main Mode (*) N/A
21 Turn Rate Warn Discrete / Warn Normal
Yaw / Turn Rate Warn Discrete (2) Warn Normal
22 - 25 Attitude Loop Status N/A
26 - 29 Heading Loop Status N/A
30 -31 SSM (always 0)
32 Parity (odd)
NOTES
(1) for P/N 142185-1XXX and -3101
(2) for P/N 142185-3101 only
(*) Main Mode Bit assignment
Main Mode
Bit
Status
20 19 18
0 0 0 Initialize
0 0 1 Static alignment
0 1 0 Moving alignment
0 1 1 Normal operation
1 0 0 MSU calibration

SECTION 1 Page 124
Dec 2001
GmbH

1 0
1-8 Label
9 - 10 SDI Field
11 - 29 Used for test and maintenance
32 Parity (odd)

1 0
1-8 Label
9 - 10 SDI Field
32 Parity (odd)

1 0
1-8 Label
9 - 10 SDI Field
32 Parity (odd)
Table 23 Discrete Word 5 (Label 274, P/N -XX1X only)

SECTION 1 Page 125
Dec 2001
GmbH
Bit Status
Bit No. Function
1 0
1-8 Label
9 - 10 SDI
11 - 13 Not Used
14 Mount Position No. 1 Common Open
15 Mount Position No. 2 Common Open
16 SDI 1 Common Open
17 SDI 2 Common Open
18 Parity Common Open
19 DG Mode Logic Select Common Open
20 Yaw Rate SF Select No. 1 Common Open
DADS Select 1 (1) Common Open
21 Yaw Rate SF Select No. 2 Common Open
DADS Select 2 (1) Common Open
22 ARINC Turn Rate Select +28 Vdc Open
23 - 29 Not Used
32 Parity (odd)
NOTES
(1) for P/N 142185-XX2X only
Table 24 Input Discrete Word 1 (Label 303)
Bit Status
Bit No.
No Function
1 0
1-8 Label
9 - 10 SDI
11 - 13 Not Used
14 Calibrate Program Load Enable Enabled Disabled
15 Program Load Enable Enabled Disabled
16 Self-Test Data Enable Enabled Disabled
17 Maintenance Data Enable Enabled Disabled
18 HIL Test Enable Enabled Disabled
19 DG/MAG Mode Select + 28V Open
20 MSU Calibration Mode Enable Enabled Disabled
21 Slew Left Enabled Disabled
22 Slew Right Enabled Disabled
23 On Ground/In Air On GND In Air
24 Normal Acceleration Test Enable Enabled Disabled
23 - 29 Not Used
32 Parity (odd)
Table 25 Input Discrete Word 2 (Label 304)

SECTION 1 Page 126
Dec 2001
GmbH
6.3 RS-422 Output
The system provides two independent RS-422 output interfaces. Interface 1 is used for
maintenance data output and test and calibration purposes (Interface 2 is a spare output).
Hardware provisions are made to operate these interfaces as RS-485 bus interfaces.
Transmission Rate: 9600 Baud

Data: 8 Data Bits
Control: 1 Start Bit
1 Parity Bit (odd)
2 Stop Bits
NOTE
The interface may be operated using the LITEF LCR-93 Level 1 Test Set 309444.
7 Analog Outputs
7.1 Synchro Outputs
Table 26 Synchro Outputs

SECTION 1 Page 127
Dec 2001
GmbH
7.2 2Wire AC Outputs
NOTE
(1) Positive sense in phase with reference
(2) P/N 142185-32XX only
Table 27 2-Wire AC Outputs
7.3 2-Wire DC Outputs
Mag Heading Slaving Error
P/N 142185-1XXX, -2XXX, -3XXX

Format 2-wire DC current "200 mA full scale
Scaling Factor "200 mA, equal to "15 deg
Bandwidth Output is filtered with a 1st order low pass filter, time constant 2.0 sec.
Sense Platform Heading - Magnetic Sensor Input
Range "15 deg
Accuracy "15% (fullscale)
Load 1 kW

SECTION 1 Page 128
Dec 2001
GmbH
Yaw Rate Output

P/N 142185-2XXX, -3XXX
Format 2-wire differential DC Output, "4 V full scale
or : single DC Output, referenced to Yaw Rate RTN and1/2 scale
factor
Scale Factors 100, 200, 333 or 666 mV/deg/sec (depending on program pin setting, see
Paragraph 3.1) for P/N -XX2X the scale factor is set to 100 mV/deg/sec
Bandwidth output is filtered with an 8Hz 2nd order low pass filter.
Sense Output voltage is positive for CW rate as viewed from above.
Range "40, "20, "12 or "6 deg/sec.
Accuracy "10 % (fullscale)
Load 1 kW
Turn Rate Output

P/N 142185-2XXX, -3XXX
Format 2-Wire differential DC Output "4 V full scale
or : single DC Output, referenced to Turn Rate RTN and
1/2 scale factor
Scale Factor 333mV/deg/sec
Turn rate is calculated from yaw rate and roll angle according to the
following formula:
Turn rate = yaw rate / cos (roll angle)
For roll angles exceeding 60 degrees, the roll angle is limited to 60
degrees.
Bandwidth Output is filtered with a 1st order low pass filter, time constant 0.9 sec.
Sense Output voltage is positive for CW rate as viewed from above.
Range "12 deg/sec
Accuracy "10% (fullscale)
Load 1 kW
Normal Acceleration
P/N 142185-2XXX, -3XXX
Format 2-Wire differential DC Output,"4 V full scale
Scale Factor 383 mV/g
Bandwidth Output is filtered with an 8Hz 2nd order low pass filter
Sense Output voltage is positive for acceleration in upward direction.
Output on ground, no motion: +383 mV
Range "10g
Accuracy "10 % (fullscale)
Load 1 kW

SECTION 1 Page 129
Dec 2001
GmbH
8 Self-Test Outputs
Functional self-test can be activated when aircraft is on ground and the self-test data discrete
is grounded. These values are latched for 1 second after the ground from J4-55 is removed.
For digital self-test values refer to tables 15 and 16. The analog and discrete self-test outputs
are values are listed in the tables which follow.
8.1 Self-Test On Ground
Synchro Outputs
Output Signal Selftest Value
Heading 1 15 deg
Heading 2 15 deg
Pitch + 5 deg (Nose Up)
Roll +45 deg (Right Wing Down)
DC Voltage Outputs
Slaving Error +15 deg indicator right
Yaw Rate + 6 deg/sec
Turn Rate + 3 deg/sec indicator right
Normal Acceleration + 0.1g
Table 28 Analog Self-Test Outputs

ATT WARN + Attitude invalid
HDG WARN 1 + Heading 1 invalid
HDG WARN 2 + Heading 2 invalid
AHRS WARN + AHRS valid
BASIC MODE ANNUNCIATOR (1) + ON BASIC set
YAW RATE WARN (2) + Yaw Rate invalid
YAW/TURN RATE WARN (3) = Yaw/Turn Rate invalid
TURN RATE WARN + Turn Rate invalid
ACCELERATION MONITOR + Acceleration Limit exceeded
AUTOPILOT HDG INTERLOCK + Autopilot HDG invalid
(1) for P/N 142185-1XXX and -3101
(2) for P/N 142185-3XX0 and 2XXX
(3) for P/N 142185-3101
Table 29 Discrete Self-Test Outputs

SECTION 1 Page 130
Dec 2001
GmbH
8.2 Normal Acceleration Test Output
In case of -15 Vdc < VNATIN < -15 Vdc on the Normal Acceleration Test Enable input, the
Normal Acceleration DC Output is set to 0.0 Vdc = 0.0 g. This function is independent of the On
Ground/In Air input discrete. Self-Test data output on ground supersedes the Normal
Acceleration Test output.
9 Cooling Requirements
In order to improve the system reliability, the AHRU installation tray optionally incorporates an
integral cooling fan. Increased reliability will result from operation with the optional cooling fan.
10 AHRU Alignment Requirements
10.1 Installation Tray
The outline drawings of the installation trays with and without fan are shown in Figures 10 and
11. The orthogonal alignment of the installation tray with respect to the pitch, roll and azimuth
axes of the aircraft is fundamental for the operation of the AHRS. Therefore, the AHRU
Installation Tray, for hard-mount as well as palletized installation, must be aligned as
accurately as possible / necessary to the aircraft axes. For mounting tolerances refer to
sub-paragraph 10.3.
10.1.1 Mounting Recommendation

The way of avionic equipment mounting on shelves of a rack is usually adequate for electronic
boxes, but is not satisfactory for motion sensing systems like the LCR-93. Metal shelves
equipped without any stiffening devices are too weak for mounting inertial systems.
The main consideration in the installation of any inertial system is to avoid angular vibration at
the system mounting interface.
Examples of means for avoidance or reduction of angular vibration are:
- Minimization of outline of the mounting base: no large plates or sheets should be used as
base for the tray, in order to avoid large deflections and bending during vibration.
- Mounting location of tray in the center of the supporting structure:
any offset of the mounting location from the center of a vibrating structure transforms the
longitudinal deflection into an angular movement, which has to be avoided.
- Increasing stiffness of the mounting base; this has to be of major concern:
to avoid angular movement of the tray and the system the mounting base has to be
stiffened by means of additional stiffeners running in both horizontal directions (e.g.
U-shaped sheet metal rods, riveted to the base plate).

SECTION 1 Page 131
Dec 2001
GmbH
Experience shows that honeycomb composite materials, which are of frequent use in
helicopters, have the best considerable vibration response; they combine the three major
advantages
- Lightweight
- Increased stiffness
- Intrinsic damping
Therefore those honeycomb materials should be the first choice for a mounting base plate.
Choice of LCR location within the aircraft:
the location for mounting the LCR-93 should be chosen in general with respect to the
vibration input to the system.
10.1.2 Mounting Screws

The tray is designed for using metric M4-screws (e.g. DIN 912 hexagon socket or DIN 7985
pan head) in combination with DIN 433 washers for mounting the tray onto a base.
Alternatively the use of 8-32 screws together with NAS620 No. 8 washers is permissible. The
holes are large enough to allow for the heading alignment.
10.2 Misalignment Correction

In order to increase the alignment accuracy, the AHRU is able to compensate a mounting
misalignment of the installation tray. The three angles between the major axes of the aircraft
and the AHRU have to be evaluated and stored by use of the Level 1 Test Set. The
Misalignment angles are aircraft specific and therefore stored in a segment of the MSU
CalPROM. The Magnitude of each angle must not exceed a value of 3 degrees. As factory
default the misalignment angles are set to zero. Misalignment can also be corrected
mechanically by turning and shimming the tray.
10.3 Mounting Tolerance

In order to ensure sufficient accuracy in the aircraft attitude and other related outputs, it is
necessary that the AHRU is installed within a tolerance of "12 arcminutes ("0.2 degrees) in
azimuth, pitch and roll with reference to the principal aircraft axes. This may be realized with
either mechanical alignment and / or by making use of the misalignment correction feature of
the AHRU.

SECTION 1 Page 132
Dec 2001
GmbH
11 Flux Valve (MSU) Calibration

11.1 General
An automatic flux valve calibration procedure is implemented in the AHRU software, the
procedure does not require supporting equipment. The procedure must be performed in a
position without local disturbances of the earths magnetic field as no compensation for such
disturbances can be made.
To ensure that all of the factors for which compensation is required are present the procedure
must be performed with the engine(s) running and all electrical systems used in flight are to be
switched on. Particular attention should be paid to systems in the neighbourhood of the flux
valve, strobe and/or position lights, pitot tube heating etc. When the procedure has been
completed, both single and dual cycle magnetic disturbances produced by the aircraft and its
systems are practically eliminated. The MSU Calibration Algorithm is able to compensate the
MSU errors (sum of single and dual cycle errors) of up to 12 degrees. A reference direction is
not required. Any initial aircraft heading can be used.
When a new flux valve is installed, an initial rough alignment may be made followed by the
calibration procedure. When the procedure has been completed, the aircraft should be aligned
with a reference direction and the flux valve alignment adjusted until the residual index error is
removed and the correct heading is indicated.
11.2 MSU Calbration Procedure
During the procedure the aircraft is turned clockwise to eight different headings about 45_
apart, a "5_ error in spacing is acceptable. These headings are indicated on the appropriate
systems primary heading indicator. The aircraft can be rotated about its vertical axis or taxied
in a circle to align with the required headings.
The operator supervises the procedure via the aircraft instruments (HSI, RMI). The displayed
heading and the heading flag are used to reach the 8 headings used and to determine when
the next heading change is to be made. See the detailed procedure which follows this general
description.
The calibration mode is selected by either the MSU CAL MODE switch on the front panel of the
LCR-93 AHRU being placed in the up (ON) position, or by setting the MSU Cal Discrete. If the
Air/Ground discrete indicates that the aircraft is on the ground the flux valve calibration mode is
engaged. If the Air/Ground discrete indicates that the aircraft is in the air the MSU CAL MODE
switch position is ignored and the normal mode of operation remains selected.
NOTE
If Electrical systems, which can only be switched on in the air, must remain off,
the heading system may exhibit uncompensated errors during flight. A way
should be found to switch them on without changing the On Ground
indication to AHRU.
As long as a heading change is less than 5_ in the calibration mode initial position the displayed
heading is the input received from the flux valve. This enables manual checks on the input error
for different headings.

SECTION 1 Page 133
Dec 2001
GmbH
When the heading change reaches 5_ away from the initial procedure heading, the heading
relative to the initial procedure heading is displayed. This means that headings do not have to
be calculated by the ground crew, the next required heading is always the next multiple of 45_
" 5 ( e.g. 45, 90, 135, 180 etc.).
In each of the eight positions, including the initial position, the system accepts heading from the
flux valve. The time required for data collection depends on aircraft movements, caused for
example by wind or propeller rotation. During data collection and the turns between positions
the Heading Warn Flag is displayed. At the end of each data collection period the flag
disappears to indicate that the turn to the next heading can be started.
If the flag does not disappear, it indicates that either the heading is outside the "5_ tolerance
or data has not been correctly collected because of excessive aircraft motion. When this
happens the procedure must be started again.
The Attitude Warn flag is displayed throughout the performance of the procedure.
After data has been collected for each of the eight headings, the system calculates the
compensation factors and stores this data in the MSU calibration PROM. The MSU calibration
PROM is attached to the AHRU mounting tray. AHRU replacement does not require a new flux
valve calibration.
The heading display after the compensation factors have been calculated, is switched to an
indication of the quality of the compensation available. The value indicated is the standard
deviation of the residual error multiplied by 100. When the calibration was successful the
heading warn flag is removed from view on this display.
If the heading warn flag continues to be displayed, the procedure failed. The indicated results
are not stored in the MSU calibration PROM and the last valid values are retained.
After a successful calibration, the system is returned to the normal mode of operation either by
placing the AHRU switch MSU CAL MODE down to the OFF position, or by resetting the MSU
Cal Discrete. All warning flags disappear and normal operation is resumed.
If the MSU CAL MODE is accidentally left in the ON position, the attitude warn flag is displayed
during a ground run. The display of these flags should prevent flight with the switch in this
position. However if the aircraft takes off despite the warning, normal operation will be
resumed when the Ground/Air discrete input indicates in air. On the ground, incorrect
headings will be displayed.

SECTION 1 Page 134
Dec 2001
GmbH
11.3 Index Error Compensation Procedure

The index error of the MSU is not compensated by the automatic MSU calibration. There are
two possibilities for inserting the index error correction in the MSU calibration mode:
1. After a normal compass swing the index error can be compensated, or
2. Only the index error can be compensated.
Procedure 1
- Set the system to MSU calibration mode
- Perform a compass swing (see para. 11, Section 1)
- After the compass swing is completed, point the aircraft to some known heading (within
"0.5 degrees) and switch to DG (if the system was set to DG before, switch to MAG and
back to DG)
- The HSI will now indicate the uncorrected magnetic heading
- Use the slew left/right switch to set the desired heading (note that the correction is limited to
"5.0 degrees).
- When the desired heading is set, switch the system back to MAG.
- The HSI will now indicate the corrected heading.
Procedure 2
- Point the aircraft to some known heading (within "0.5 degrees).
- Set the system to MSU calibration mode.
- Switch to DG (if the system was set to DG before, switch to MAG and back to DG)
- The HSI will now indicate the uncorrected magnetic heading
- Use the slew left/right switch to set the desired heading (note that the correction is limited to
"5.0 degrees )
- When the desired heading is set, switch the system back to MAG.
- The HSI will now indicate the corrected heading.
NOTE
This index error compensation is not downward compatible to older software
version- (-1200, -1500). If the MSU compensation is done as described in this
document, systems containing older software versions will flag a MSU
CalPROM error when put in place of systems, in which the MSU was
calibrated with the new software.
To set the index error to zero, just switch to MSU cal mode, set DG and back to
MAG and reset the MSU cal mode switch.
Once the index error compensation mode is entered, this mode cannot be left
without storing any index error. In case this mode was entered accidentily, the
system has to be shut down before resetting the MSU cal mode switch, if one
does not want to overwrite the stored index error.
If the MSU is calibrated again, the old index error is preserved, if no new index
error entry is made.

SECTION 1 Page 135
Dec 2001
GmbH
11.4 MSU Calibration Procedure/Checklist
- A/C in location with no external magnetic - A/C to 270_ indic. HDG

disturbances
- engine(s) running - HDG Flag in view
all electrical equipment switched on - HDG Flag disappears

AHRS switched on - A/C to 315_ indic. HDG
alignment completed, all flags out of view - HDG Flag in view
MSU CAL MODE switch switched to ON - HDG Flag disappears
(up)/MSU Cal Discrete
- ATT Flag in view - Indication of calibration quality
HDG indication on compass: _____
HDG Flag in view
Initial HDG indication: ____ - HDG Flag out of view

HDG Flag disappears ATT Flag out of view
A/C to 45_ indic. HDG Set A/C to Reference HDG
A/C to 45_ indic. HDG Switch to DG
HDG Flag in view Use slew left/right to set HDG
HDG Flag disappears Switch to MAG
A/C to 90_ indic. HDG
- HDG Flag in view - MSU CAL MODE switch to OFF (down)
- HDG Flag disappears
- A/C to 135_ indic. HDG
- HDG Flag in view
- HDG Flag in view
- HDG Flag in view

SECTION 1 Page 136
Dec 2001
GmbH
12 Outline Drawings
The outline drawing of the AHRU is shown in Fig. 4. Various outline drawings of the MSU from
Bendix/King and Honeywell are shown in Figs. 5 to 8 inclusive. Likewise, the outline drawing
for the CCU is shown in Fig. 9. Figs. 10, and 11 show the mounting trays with or without fans
fitted. Lastly, the CalPROM is illustrated in Fig. 12.
The outline drawings are shown on the following pages : (138 to 147 inclusive). A drawing
showing the principle mounting of the AHRU is shown in Fig. 13.

SECTION 1 Page 137
Dec 2001
GmbH
12.1 AHRU
Figure 4 AHRU Outline

SECTION 1 Page 138
Dec 2001
GmbH
12.2 AHRU showing Connectors
POWER SUPPLY IINPUT/OUTPUT
SYNCHRO
MSU CalPROM
FAN SUPPLY
FOR PIN ASSIGNMENT REFER TO TABLE 30
Figure 5 Front View of AHRU showing connectors

SECTION 1 Page 139
Dec 2001
GmbH
12.3 MSU, Bendix/King
.49
(1.24)
1.81
(4.64)
2.375
(6.03)
3.37
(8.56)
CONNECTOR 030-2189-00
MATING CONNECTOR 030-2190-00
SUPPLIED WITH UNIT
2.38 DIA. +.020/.000

(6.04)
089-7009-10
120
TYP.
KMT 112
MOUNTING PLATE
.156 DIA. MOUNTING HOLES

089-8036-19(2)
089-2157-15
2.900 DIA.
(7.36)
RECOMMENDED MOUNTING
MOUNTING HOLES LAYOUT
NOTES
1 ALL DIMENSIONS IN ( ) ARE IN CENTIMETRES
2 WEIGHT 0.3 POUNDS (150 GRAMS)
3 MOUNT RIGID WITH 3 NO. 6 NON-METALLIC SCREWS IN A REMOTE MAGNETICALLY STABLE AREA.
MOUNTING HARDWARE SUPPLIED WITH UNIT
Figure 6 KMT 112 MSU Outline and Mounting Diagram

SECTION 1 Page 140
Dec 2001
GmbH
12.4 MSU, Honeywell, TECSTAR
Figure 7 FX-120/FX-600/FV-1 MSU Outline and Mounting Diagram

SECTION 1 Page 141
Dec 2001
GmbH
12.5 MSU, Honeywell
Figure 8 FX-125/220 MSU Outline and Mounting Diagram

SECTION 1 Page 142
Dec 2001
GmbH
12.6 Compass Control Unit
Figure 9 CCU Outline and Mounting Diagram

SECTION 1 Page 143
Dec 2001
GmbH
12.7 Tray, without Fan
Figure 10 Tray P/N 124260-0000 Outline - Without Fan (sheet 1 of 2)

SECTION 1 Page 144
Dec 2001
GmbH
Figure 10 Tray P/N 144200-0000 Outline - Without Fan (sheet 2 of 2)

SECTION 1 Page 145
Dec 2001
GmbH
12.8 Tray, with Fan
Figure 11 Tray P/N 140691-0000 Outline - With Fan (sheet 1 of 2)

SECTION 1 Page 146
Dec 2001
GmbH
Figure 11 Tray P/N 144200-0000 Outline - With Fan (sheet 2 of 2)

SECTION 1 Page 147
Dec 2001
GmbH
12.9 CalPROM
CalPROM Module
Lettering i.a.w. MIL-STD-130 or equivalent lettering

Description. PN. SN. REV ESD-label
Connector end housing
On delivery connector will be fitted with a dustcap
Nylon strap
Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 12 CalPROM Outline

SECTION 1 Page 148
Dec 2001
GmbH
12.10 AHRU mounting
Figure 13 AHRS Mounting Drawing

SECTION 1 Page 149
Dec 2001
GmbH
13 System Wiring
The following notes apply, where indicated.
NOTES
1. Twisted and Shielded Wires - Wires should be shielded or twisted and

shielded as indicated with an insulating jacket over the shield: The shield
should be carried through each break and should be connected at both ends
external to the equipment using metal backshell / strain relief of the respective
connector (see Figure 16).
The Pigtail method shall be avoided.
2. External Program Control - Refer to Paragraph 3 for usage of external

program control pins.
3. MSU Shield Grounding - The shielded multiple conductor cable carrying the
sensitive signals from the MSU should have its shield grounded at the
backshell of the respective connector.
4. The mating connectors with metric (M3) screw locks shall have preferably full
metallic, or at least metallized plastic backshells.
Figures 14 and 15 illustrate the interconnection between the CCU and LCR-93, and the
interconnection of the ground discrete reference respectively.
NOTE
The system wiring is laid out with particular reference to the various
part numbers for the LCR-93, i.e. J1, J2 and J5 are the same for all
systems, whereas J3 and J4 are laid out in full under the designated
part number concerned.
This is for ease of facility to the technician concerned.
The following notes apply to the text annotated with an asterisk/asterisks on pages 151 and
152 respectively.
* HEADING 1 REFERENCE serves heading synchros no. 1 and 2.
** HEADING 1 REFERENCE serves heading synchro no. 1.
** HEADING 2 REFERENCE serves heading synchro no. 2.

SECTION 1 Page 150
Dec 2001
GmbH
13.1 J1 (Power Supply) Electrical Pin Assignment
FUNCTION CONNECTOR PIN IN/OUT AWG SIGNAL FORMAT LOAD

+28 VDC PRIM A/C POWER J1-01 I (22) AIRCRAFT 28 VDC 2 A MAX
+28 VDC PRIM A/C POWER J1-09 I (22) AIRCRAFT 28 VDC 2 A MAX
28 VDC PRIM RETURN J1-02 I (22) DC POWER GROUND 2 A MAX
28 VDC PRIM RETURN J1-10 I (22) DC POWER GROUND 2 A MAX
+28 VDC AUX A/C Power J1-03 I (22) AIRCRAFT 28 VDC 2 A MAX
+28 VDC AUX A/C Power J1-11 I (22) AIRCRAFT 28 VDC 2 A MAX
28 VDC AUX RETURN J1-04 I (22) DC POWER GROUND 2 A MAX
28 VDC AUX RETURN J1-12 I (22) DC POWER GROUND 2 A MAX
+28 VDC CCU/DISCRETES J1-08 O (24) 28 VDC FOR CCU AND SAV (Standard Applied
Voltage) INPUT DISCRETES
28 VDC RETURN J1-15 O (24) 28VDC POWER GROUND
AUX POWER ANNUCIATOR J1-07 O (24) RELAY CONTACT 110mA

GND = On AUX Power
SPARES J1-05, J1-06, J1-13, J1-14
13.2 J2 (Fan Supply) Electrical Pin Assignment

+24 VDC FAN POWER J2-03 O (24) 100 mA MAX
24 VDC RETURN J2-02 O (24) 100 mA MAX
FAN TEST ENABLE A J2-04 I (24) JUMPER INSIDE THE
FAN TEST ENABLE B J2-05 I (24) FAN CONNECTOR
SPARES J2-01, J2-06 to J2-09
Note : This connector is permanently attached to the fan wiring. therefore no installation wiring is required.
Table 30 System Wiring (Sheet 1 of 6)

SECTION 1 Page 151
Dec 2001
GmbH
13.3 J3 (Synchro) Electrical Pin Assignment (only AHRU / PN 142185-2XXX)

ATTITUDE HI J3-04 I (24) 26 VRMS AC 400 Hz 10 mA RMS MAX.
REFERENCE LO J3-19 I (24) FLOATING INPUT
X(S1) J3-11 O (24) 3-WIRE SYNCHRO OUTPUT
PITCH SYNCHRO Z(S2) J3-26 O (24) 11.8 VRMS LEG TO LEG 3 x (120 + j450)W
Y(S3) J3-40 O (24) 400 Hz (USES ATT. REF)
ROLL SYNCHRO Z(S2) J3-25 O (24) 11.8 VRMS LEG TO LEG 3 x (120 + j450)W
HEADING 1 HI J3-05 I (24) 26 VRMS AC 400 Hz 10 mA RMS MAX.
REFERENCE * LO J3-20 I (24) FLOATING INPUT
HEADING X(S1) J3-13 O (24) 3-WIRE SYNCHRO OUTPUT
SYNCHRO Z(S2) J3-28 O (24) 11.8 VRMS LEG TO LEG 3 x (120 + j450)W
No. 1 Y(S3) J3-42 O (24) 400 Hz (USES HDG.1 REF)
SYNCHRO Z(S2) J3-27 O (24) 11.8 VRMS LEG TO LEG 10 KW MIN.
PITCH AC LO J3-24 O (24) 200 mV/deg VRMS 5 KW MIN
200mV/deg HI J3-09 O (24) 400 Hz FLOATING OUTPUT
ROLL AC LO J3-22 O (24) 200 mV/deg VRMS 5 KW MIN
YAW RATE HI J3-15 O (24) 2-wire DC"4V 1 KW
DC OUTPUT LO J3-30 O (24) SCALING DEPENDS ON PROG. PINS.
YAW RATE WARN DISC. A J3-02 O (24) RELAY CONTACT 110 mA
YAW RATE WARN DISC. B J3-31 O (24) CLOSED = VALID
TURN RATE HI J3-14 O (24) 2-WIRE DC "4 V 1 KW
DC OUTPUT LO J3-29 O (24) 0.333V/deg/sec
ATTITUDE WARN DISCR. A J3-03 O (24) RELAY CONTACT 110 mA
ATTITUDE WARN DISCR. B J3-18 O (24) CLOSED = VALID
HEADING WARN DISCR. 1 A J3-32 O (24) RELAY CONTACT 110 mA
HEADING WARN DISCR. 1 B J3-17 O (24) CLOSED = VALID
TURN RATE RTN J3-43 O (24) VIRTUAL GROUND FOR TURN RATE
YAW RATE RTN J3-44 O (24) VIRTUAL GROUND FOR YAW RATE
NORMAL ACCEL. HI J3-37 O (24) 2-WIRE DC "4V 1 KW.
DC OUTPUT LO J3-38 O (24) 0.383V/g
NORMAL ACCEL. J3-35 I (24) SIGNAL REF. FOR J3-36
TEST ENABLE J3-36 I (24) -15VDC...-5VDC = TEST ENABLED
-2VDC...0VDC = TEST DISABLED

SECTION 1 Page 152
Dec 2001
GmbH
13.4 J3 (Synchro) Electrical Pin Assignment (only AHRU / PN 142185-3XXX)

ATTITUDE HI J3-04 I (24) 26 VRMS AC 400 Hz 10 mA RMS MAX.
REFERENCE LO J3-19 I (24) FLOATING INPUT
PITCH SYNCHRO Z(S2) J3-26 O (24) 11.8 VRMS LEG TO LEG 3 x (120 + j450)W
ROLL SYNCHRO Z(S2) J3-25 O (24) 11.8 VRMS LEG TO LEG 3 x (120 + j450)W
REFERENCE ** LO J3-20 I (24) FLOATING INPUT
REFERENCE ** LO J3-34 I (24) FLOATING INPUT
SYNCHRO Z(S2) J3-28 O (24) 11.8 VRMS LEG TO LEG 3 x (120 + j450)W
SYNCHRO Z(S2) J3-27 O (24) 11.8 VRMS LEG TO LEG 10 KW MIN.
TURN RATE HI J3-15 O (24) 2-wire DC"4V 1 KW
DC OUTPUT LO J3-30 O (24) 0.333V/deg/sec
TURN RATE WARN DISC. A J3-02 O (24) RELAY CONTACT 110 mA
TURN RATE WARN DISC. B J3-31 O (24) CLOSED = VALID
YAW RATE HI J3-14 O (24) 2-WIRE DC "4 V 1 KW
DC OUTPUT LO J3-29 O (24) SCALING DEPENDS ON PROG. PINS.
ATTITUDE WARN DISCR. A J3-03 O (24) RELAY CONTACT 110 mA
ATTITUDE WARN DISCR. B J3-18 O (24) CLOSED = VALID
TURN RATE RTN J3-43 O (24) VIRTUAL GROUND FOR TURN RATE
YAW RATE RTN J3-44 O (24) VIRTUAL GROUND FOR YAW RATE
NORMAL ACCEL. HI J3-37 O (24) 2-WIRE DC "4V 1 KW.
DC OUTPUT LO J3-38 O (24) 0.383V/g
NORMAL ACCEL. J3-35 I (24) SIGNAL REF. FOR J3-36
TEST ENABLE J3-36 I (24) -15VDC...-5VDC = TEST ENABLED
-2VDC...0VDC = TEST DISABLED

SECTION 1 Page 153
Dec 2001
GmbH
13.5 J4 (I/O) Electrical Pin Assignment

MSU J4-51 I (24) ANALOG SIGNAL ( see Table 31 )
SIGNAL J4-09 I (24) ANALOG SIGNAL ( see Table 31 )

INPUT J4-30 I (24) ANALOG SIGNAL ( see Table 31)
MSU REFERENCE OUT J4-39 O (24) CONNECT TO J4-60
MSU REFERENCE IN J4-60 I (24) CONNECT TO J4-39
GND J4-18 I (24) FOR LAB TEST ONLY
GND J4-59 O (24) FOR LAB TEST ONLY
GND J4-50 O (24) FOR LAB TEST ONLY
MSU HI J4-02 O (24) 12 - 23VRMS
EXCITATION LO J4-22 O (24) 400Hz (depends on MSU type)
SLAVING ERROR HI J4-10 O (24) 2-WIRE DC CURRENT
LO J4-31 O (24) "200 mA/"15_ FULL SCALE 1 KW
RS 422 TXD1 HI J4-04 O (24)
LO J4-25 O (24)
RS 422 RXD1 HI J4-26 I (24)
LO J4-46 I (24)
RS 422 TXD2 HI J4-24 O (24)
LO J4-44 O (24)
RS 422 RXD2 HI J4-45 I (24)
LO J4-03 I (24)
PROG. PIN COMMON J4-32 O (24) SIGNAL GROUND
MTG. POS #1 J4-14 I (24) ORIENTATION DISCRETE
MTG. POS #2 J4-35 I (24) ORIENTATION DISCRETE
SOURCE DESTINATION No.1 J4-34 I (24)
IDENTIFIER No.2 J4-54 I (24)
DG MODE LOGIC SELECT J4-12 I (24) GND or OPEN ( see Table 4 )
PARITY DISCRETE J4-13 I (24)
SELFTEST DATA ENABLE J4-55 I (24) GND = SELFTEST DATA SELECTED
MAINTENANCE DATA J4-33 I (24) GND = MAINTENANCE DATA ENABLE
See NOTE J4-53
See NOTE J4-11
ARINC TURN RATE SELECT J4-17 I (24) +28VDC = TURN RATE SELECTED ON ARINC
LABEL 330
MSU CALIBRATION DISCRETE J4-38 I (24) 28 VDC = MSU CAL MODE SELECTED
GROUND DISCRETE REF. J4-36 I (24) REFERENCE FOR SAV ( Standard Applied
Voltage ) INPUT DISCRETES
DG / MAG MODE SELECT J4-57 I (24) +28 VDC or GND ( see Table 4 )
SLEW LEFT J4-16 I (24) +28 VDC = HEADING SLEW LEFT
SLEW RIGHT J4-58 I (24) +28 VDC = HEADING SLEW RIGHT
ON GND/IN AIR DISCRETE J4-37 I (24) GND = AIRCRAFT AIRBORNE
OPEN = AIRCRAFT ON GROUND
ACCELERATION MON. A J4-62 O (24) RELAY CONTACT 110 mA
ACCELERATION MON. B J4-20 O (24) CLOSED = WARN
(ACCELERATION LIMIT EXCEEDED)
See NOTE J4-21
See NOTE J4-42
See NOTE J4-15

SECTION 1 Page 154
Dec 2001
GmbH
AUTOP. HDG INTERLOCK A J4-19 O (24) RELAY CONTACT 110 mA

AUTOP. HDG INTERLOCK B J4-40 O (24) CLOSED = VALID
See NOTE J4-41
See NOTE J4-61
ARINC 429 OUTP. A J4-08 O (24) ARINC 429 40 mA DC
DATA BUS No.1 B J4-29 O (24) HIGH SPEED 100 KHz
ARINC 429 INP. A J4-06 I (24) ARINC 429 3 KW MIN
DATA BUS No.1 B J4-27 I (24) LOW SPEED 12.5 KHz
ARINC 429 INP. A J4-47 I (24) ARINC 429 3 KW MIN
DATA BUS No.2 B J4-05 I (24) LOW SPEED 12.5 KHz
15 V RTN J4-56 O (24) FOR LAB TEST ONLY
+ 15 V J4-52 O (24) FOR LAB TEST ONLY
SPARES J4-01, J4-23 ,J4-43
NOTE
In the following the different pin assignments are listed to the respective P/N of the
system.

P/N 142185-XX0X, -XX1X
YAW RATE SCALE FACTOR NO.1 J4-53 I (24) SCALE FACTOR OF THE ANALOG YAW
YAW RATE SCALE FACTOR NO.2 J4-11 I (24) RATE OUTPUT
P/N 142185-XX2X
DADS SELECT NO.1 J4-53 I (24) SCALE FACTOR OF THE ANALOG YAW
DADS SELECT NO.2 J4-11 I (24) RATE OUTPUT
P/N 142185-XXX0, -XXX2
AHRS WARN DISCRETE A J4-21 O (24) RELAY CONTACT 110 mA
AHRS WARN DISCRETE B J4-42 O (24) CLOSED = AHRS VALID
P/N 142185-3101
AHRS WARN DISCRETE A J4-21 O (24) RELAY CONTACT 110 mA
AHRS WARN DISCRETE B J4-42 O (24) CLOSED = AHRS VALID
AHRS WARN DISCRETE C J4-15 O (24) CLOSED = AHRS WARN
P/N 142185-1XXX, -3101
BASIC MODE ANNUC. A J4-41 O (24) RELAY CONTACT 110 mA
BASIC MODE ANNUC. B J4-61 O (24) CLOSED = BASIC
P/N 142185-2XXX
TURN RATE WARN DISC. A J4-41 O (24) RELAY CONTACT 110 mA
TURN RATE WARN DISC. B J4-61 O (24) CLOSED = VALID
P/N 142185-3XX0, -3XX2
YAW RATE WARN DISC. A J4-41 O (24) RELAY CONTACT 110 mA
YAW RATE WARN DISC. B J4-61 O (24) CLOSED = VALID

SECTION 1 Page 155
Dec 2001
GmbH
13.6 J5 (MSU CalPROM) Electrical Pin Assignment

+5 VDC CalPROM POWER J5-01 O (24) AHRU +5 VDC
5 VDC RETURN J5-02 I (24) DC POWER GROUND
SPROMCS J5-06 O (24) TTL
STXCLK J5-05 O (24) TTL
STXD J5-03 O (24) TTL
SRXD J504 I (24) TTL
RS-422 TXD1 HI J5-14 O (24) FOR LAB TEST ONLY

LO J5-15 O (24)
RS-422 RXD1 HI J5-12 I (24) FOR LAB TEST ONLY
LO J5-13 I (24)
PROGRAM LOAD ENABLE* J507 I (24) FOR LAB TEST ONLY

CAL.PROG. LOAD DISCR.* J5-08 I (24) FOR LAB TEST ONLY
HIL TEST ENABLE* J5-09 I (24) FOR LAB TEST ONLY
TIME TAG C. RESET J5-10 I (24) FOR LAB TEST ONLY
SPARE J5-11
NOTE
No wiring is required for the MSU CalProm upon installation.
twisted wire

twisted and shielded wire


SECTION 1 Page 156
Dec 2001
GmbH
AHRU Input Bendix./King Honeywell

Connector Pin KMT 112 FX-Series
J409 D A
J451 A B
J430 B C
J402 H D
J422 E E
not con. F
Table 31 AHRU/MSU Wiring
CCU LCR-93
+28 VDC
J1-08
Figure 14 Interconnection Diagram CCU, LCR-93

SECTION 1 Page 157
Dec 2001
GmbH
LCR-93
ARINC TURN RATE SEL.
Figure 15 Interconnection Diagram for Control Discretes

SECTION 1 Page 158
Dec 2001
GmbH
Figure 16 Shield termination of connectors using Metal Backshell/Strain Relief method

SECTION 1 Page 159
Dec 2001
GmbH
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

SECTION 1 Page 160
Dec 2001
GmbH
SECTION 2
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

Dec 2001
GmbH
1 General
This section provides on-aircraft maintenance procedures for the LCR-93 Attitude and
Heading Reference System (AHRS). A system consists of an Attitude and Heading Reference
Unit (AHRU), a Magnetic Sensor Unit (MSU) and, optionally a compass controller unit (CCU).
Section 1, Installation Instructions, contains information that can be pertinent to on-aircraft

maintenance of the AHRS; that information should be used in conjunction with this section
when applicable.
2 Purpose of Equipment
The LCR-93 Attitude and Heading Reference System (AHRS) is an all attitude inertial sensor
system which provides aircraft attitude, heading and flight dynamics information to display,
flight control, weather radar antenna platform and other aircraft systems and instruments.
3 Leading Particulars
Leading particulars for the AHRS are provided in Section 1, Paragraph 1, Installation Data.
4 Description
Descriptive information pertaining to the AHRS units is provided in the following Paragraphs:
4.1 Location of Units in Aircraft.
Provided in Section 1, Paragraph 1.2, Installation Data.
4.2 Outline and Mounting Drawings
Outline and mounting drawings for the AHRU, MSU, CCU, AHRU trays and CalPROM are
provided in Figures 4 through 12 of section 1.
4.3 AHRU
The LCR-93 is mechanized as a strapdown inertial measurement system using fiber optic rate
gyros (FOGs) and micromechanical accelerometers which are strapped down to the
principal aircraft axes. A digital computer mathematically integrates the angular rate data to
obtain heading, pitch and roll.
4.4 MSU
The magnetic sensor unit detects the horizontal component of the earths magnetic field and
transmits it to the AHRU for use as long term heading reference.

SECTION 2 Page 201
Dec 2001
GmbH
4.5 CCU (Optional)
The CCU contains controls and annunciators to facilitate manual slaving of the AHRU to the
MSU and provides the following additional capabilities to the AHRS:
- Setting of compass heading during free gyro (DG) mode operation.
- Fast slaving during operation at extreme latitudes.
- MAG or free gyro (DG) operation mode selection.
- Nulling of compass error after alignment in areas of high magnetic disturbances.
The CCU allows crew selection of either DG or slaved magnetic modes. A slaving error
annunciator and slew switch are provided for setting the compass heading in DG mode and to
provide an indication of synchronization in slaved magnetic mode. The slew switch may also
be used to manually correct heading information during operation in extreme latitudes.
5 Modes of Operation
The AHRS provides the following operating modes :

- Alignment
- Operational Mode
- MSU Calibration Mode
- Self-Test Data Mode
- Maintenance Mode
5.1 Alignment
5.1.1 Initialization
(a) Following initial power application, the AHRS performs an alignment sequence which
consists of two alignment phases. During the alignment sequence, the output warn flag
discretes and the warn discretes in the Discrete Labels 270 / 271 of the DITS are set to
warn condition, together with no computed data (NCD) in attitude, heading, acceleration,
and rate data.
(b) If the AHRU ambient temperature is outside of the range of +15_C to +35_C, alignment is
preceded by a FOG temperature stabilization phase with a duration of up to 25 seconds.
(c) After short power interruptions with a duration less than 500 milliseconds ("15%, due to
component tolerances) the AHRS has the ability to perform a fast realignment sequence
which results in valid attitude, heading, and rate data within 45 ms. The acceleration data
will return valid within 1.0 second.

SECTION 2 Page 202
Dec 2001
GmbH
5.1.2 Alignment Phase 1
(a) The duration of alignment phase 1 is 15 seconds and is independent of whether the
aircraft is on the ground or in the air.
(b) During the alignment phase 1, the pitch, roll and heading outputs are first set to zero.
After the initial filter transient the actual values of these angles are output via DITS, but
marked as invalid (SSM set to NCD). The synchro output is kept at zero for the whole
align phase 1.
(c) The angular body rates and the body accelerations are output via DITS, but marked as
invalid (SSM set to NCD) from the beginning, whereas the analog outputs (yaw and turn
rate, normal acceleration) are set to zero.
5.1.3 Alignment Phase 2
Within the alignment phase 2 the AHRU performs the attitude and heading alignment.:
(a) During the alignment phase 2 the actual angles are output, but marked as invalid (SSM
set to NCD, ATT and HDG discretes set to invalid).
(b) The angular body rates and the body accelerations are output via DITS, now marked as
valid (SSM set to Normal). Yaw and turn rates and normal acceleration are output via
the analog channels with discretes set valid.
(c) The duration of alignment phase 2 depends on the motion intensity during both alignment
phases 1 and 2. If the aircraft motion does not exceed certain limits (refer to
sub-paragraph 5.1.4), static alignment takes place, otherwise moving alignment.
NOTE
Wind buffeting on ground, cargo loading etc. do not induce a transition from static
to moving alignment
5.1.4 Motion Conditions during Alignment
(a) Static Alignment (on ground) :

Angular rates : v "1_/s, Period : v1 s
Alignment time : 30 s
(b) Moving Alignment (in air) :

Angular rates : v "5_/s, Period : v2 s
Alignment time : 120 s
NOTE
Angular rates outside the above envelope extend the alignment time.

SECTION 2 Page 203
Dec 2001
GmbH
5.1.5 Estimation of Earth Rate and Gyro Drift
To improve the system accuracy, the estimated earth rate and gyro drift are used for
compensation. While the AHRU is in Normal and in MAG sub-mode, horizontal, respectively
vertical earth rate and gyro drift estimation will be continuously updated.
5.2 Operational Mode

After the completion of the alignment phase 2 all output data is set valid and the accuracies as
specified are applicable. In operational mode the attitude loop is controlled by the normal /
basic sub-mode, the heading loop is controlled by the MAG / DG sub-mode.
5.2.1 Normal sub-mode

In Normal sub-mode the AHRS utilizes valid True Airspeed (TAS) from an air data system
(DADS) to improve attitude accuracy.
5.2.2 Basic sub-mode

If the TAS data is not available or invalid, the system will automatically revert to the Basic
sub-mode to operate autonomously. If TAS becomes valid again during Basic sub-mode
operation, the system will start a reversion to Normal sub-mode.
5.2.3 MAG sub-mode

(a) In MAG sub-mode the AHRU heading loop is supplied with valid MSU data. The earth
rate and gyro drift correction factors are updated continuously during operation. Heading
output will be magnetic heading referenced to local magnetic north.
b) A fast heading realignment will be provided, if the slew function (slew left or right)* is
selected while the AHRS is in MAG submode.
*slew left platform HDG (CCW) / slew right platform HDG (CW)
5.2.4 DG Sub-mode
(a) The Directional Gyro sub-mode (DG Sub-mode) can be activated manually by the DG
Mode select discrete.
(b) During initialization in DG Mode the heading is set to 0 degrees. After completion of the
alignment heading can be set manually to any desired heading value by using the slew
function. In Basic sub-mode the compensation of the horizontal earth rate will be
suppressed.
5.3 MSU Calibration Mode

In MSU Calibration Mode the AHRU determines the MSU calibration coefficients used for
compensation of single and dual cycle MSU errors. The MSU Calibration algorithm is able to
compensate single and dual cycle MSU errors in sum up to 12 degrees.

SECTION 2 Page 204
Dec 2001
GmbH
5.3.1 Entering and Leaving MSU Cal Mode

The MSU Calibration Mode is manually selected by the MSU calibration control switch or by
the MSU calibration control discrete (J4-38). This mode is disabled as long as the alignment is
not yet completed or if the aircraft is determined to be in the air by the GND / AIR control
discrete. After resetting the MSU calibration switch to OFF or resetting the MSU calibration
control discrete the AHRS returns to the Operational Mode.
5.3.2 Flags and Heading Outputs
At the beginning of MSU Calibration Mode the AHRS is switched automatically to DG Mode.
The attitude warn and heading warn flags are set to invalid condition. The heading output
displays the uncompensated MSU input data, until the aircraft is moved. As soon as a turn is
detected for the first time the heading output displays the relative heading, i.e. the change of
heading, as measured by the gyros, relative to the initial heading at the beginning of the MSU
Calibration Mode.
5.3.3 Data Collection
To collect the data necessary for the calculation of compensation coefficients, the aircraft must
be stationary in the initial position and then has to be turned in steps of 45 degrees ("5
degrees) around its vertical axis. The aircraft must be stationary in each position until the
heading warn flag is set to valid condition again. The heading flag is reset to invalid condition
each time the aircraft is turned to a new heading position. The MSU raw data is automatically
collected and stored at each measurement position while the aircraft is stationary.
5.3.4 Calculation of Coefficients
Data collecting is complete after turning through 315 degrees (7 steps of 45 degrees). Then
the calibration coefficients for single and dual cycle errors are calculated and stored in the
MSU CalPROM, i.e. an external detachable device located at the AHRU frontplate. The
heading warn flag is set to valid condition and the heading output displays the residual error
(with respect to heading 0 degrees, multiplied by 100). At this point the MSU Calibration Mode
is ready to be exited with the new coefficients available.
If the MSU calibration was not successful (because of AHRU defect or bad data collection) the
heading warn flag remains invalid during indication of the residual heading error. In this case
the new calibration coefficients are not stored in the MSU CalPROM, but the old coefficients
are available again after the MSU Calibration Mode has been left. The same holds true in case
that the MSU Calibration Mode is terminated prematurely.
5.3.5 Index Error Compensation
An index error can be compensated by either turning the flux valve mechanically or shifting the
index electronically. See section 1 para 11.3 for further details.

SECTION 2 Page 205
Dec 2001
GmbH
5.4 Self-test Data Mode
The Self-test data mode can be activated manually by setting the self-test data discrete. This
mode is disabled during Start Up or Shut Down mode, and in all modes when the aircraft is
determined to be in the air.
During Self-test data mode the AHRU supersedes the output data of the digital and analog
interfaces with dedicated self-test values. The AHRU operation is not influenced by the
self-test data mode.
NOTE
For self-test values refer to section 1 paragraph 8.
5.5 Maintenance Mode
The Maintenance Mode is available, if the aircraft is determined to be on ground by the GND /
AIR control discrete.
The Maintenance Mode is manually selected by the maintenance control discrete, which has
to be set before power-on.
In Maintenance Mode the AHRU outputs data of failure history and the elapsed time via DITS
and RS-422 communication port 1.
5.5.1 Failure Logging and Malfunction Storage
(a) The AHRS provides the capability for recording failure data. This is achieved by storing
failure maintenance data in labels 350, 351, 352 and 353 in the EEPROM. The data is
marked with a time tag derived from the elapsed time counter.
(b) The EEPROM area is subdivided into records, each record consisting of the labels 350,
351, 352 and 353 and the time tag. The AHRU will observe the EEPROM at turn-on to
determine which record should be used for the current power-on phase (logic has been
implemented to differentiate between a short power interrupt and a new turn-on to
determine if re-initialization is necessary).
(c) The AHRU also monitors periodically the state of maintenance words to see if any new
failures have occured. All data is latched in the EEPROM (if an intermittent failure
disappears, the record of its occurence will not be removed, i.e. the failure contains the
accumulated failures occured during one power on phase).
(d) The stored failure data and elapsed time in the EEPROM are erasable by special test
equipment.
(e) The failure memory is capable of storing up to 192 failure records. The oldest failure
records will be overwritten, if more than 192 power cycles failure records occur.

SECTION 2 Page 206
Dec 2001
GmbH
5.5.2 Elapsed Time Counter
The elapsed time counter is software implemented and readable via DITS and the RS-422 test
interface. The range of elapsed time recording is more than 100,000 hours.
5.5.3 Output of the Failure History and Elapsed Time
If the AHRS is in maintenance mode (discrete maintenance data enable is selected) the failure
history and elapsed time will be provided via DITS and the RS-422 output interface 1.
The failure history and the elapsed time are transmitted cyclicly starting with the accumulated
operating hours followed by the most recent failure record. After all records have been
transmitted the programme waits for one second before repeating the output.
The following table defines the transmission frame of the output comprising a set of up to 193
records. The elapsed time is transmitted as long word with a resolution of 0.1h. The significant
16 bits of each maintenance word will be transmitted only. The checksum of each record is the
ones complement of the wordwise accumulation of all the records data words except the
checksum itself.

SECTION 2 Page 207
Dec 2001
GmbH
1. Record Upper Byte of Record Number 0

Lower Byte of Record Number 0
Bit 32-Bit 25 of elapsed time
Upper Byte of Checksum
Lower Byte of Checksum
2. Record Upper Byte of Record Number n

Lower Byte of Record Number n
Bit 29-Bit 22 of Label 350
Bit 32-Bit 25 of elapsed time at failure condition
Table 1 RS-422 Maintenance Data Transmission Frame (Sheet 1 of 2)

SECTION 2 Page 208
Dec 2001
GmbH
3. Record Upper Byte of Record Number n-1

Lower Byte of Record Number n-1
S
S
4. Record Upper Byte of Record Number max (1, n-191)
Lower Byte of Record Number max (1, n-191)
m+2..........193
n+1...........2^16-1
Table 1 RS-422 Maintenance Data Transmission Frame (Sheet 2 of 2)

SECTION 2 Page 209
Dec 2001
GmbH
5.5.4 Maintenance Output via DITS
The following table defines the DITS transmission frame. No other information is supplied via
DITS in this mode.The first transmission frame contains the elapsed time counter. The
appropriate maintenance labels are empty.
NOTE
Label 302 has a different resolution than in other modes
Table 2 DITS Maintenance Data Transmission Frame

SECTION 2 Page 210
Dec 2001
GmbH
6 Power Interruptions
6.1 General
The AHRU operates during undervoltage conditions down to 12 VDC "15% without any loss
of performance. Undervoltage operation with voltages below 18 VDC may occur for any
duration up to 60 seconds, e.g. during engine starting. The AHRU shall not be operated within
undervoltage conditions for longer periods.
6.2 Short Power Interrupt
Duration: less than 500 ms ("15%).
Power interruptions with a duration of less than 5 milliseconds are buffered by the AHRU power
supply and cause no influence to the AHRU performance.
During power interruptions of more than 5 milliseconds, or if the input voltage drops below a
threshold of 12 VDC, the AHRU switches off.
Once the power returns and the input voltage increases above an 18 VDC threshold, the
AHRU automatically switches on again. Power interruptions with a duration of less than 500
milliseconds ("15%, due to component tolerances) are identified as short power interrupts,
which may cause a fast realignment cycle, i.e.
(a) Mode is initiated by the Start Up mode,
(b) In fast alignment, attitude and heading will be realigned with the propagated Euler angles
based on the average aircraft motion,
(c) The fast alignment will be completed within 45 milliseconds, tolerance "5%, with the
exception of the accelerometer derived data. This data is valid again within 1.0 second.
(d) When the alignment is completed, the AHRS Operational Mode is activated.
6.3 Long Power Interrupt
Duration: more than 500 ms ("15%).
System response: Normal turn-on sequence initiated with complete realignment as per
paragraph 5.1.

SECTION 2 Page 211
Dec 2001
GmbH

SECTION 2 Page 212
Dec 2001
GmbH
SECTION 3
TESTING AND TROUBLESHOOTING

Dec 2001
GmbH
1 General
A typical AHRS installation is shown in the block diagram of Figure 1. Depending on the
configuration one or two AHRUs may be installed.
No manual testing of the AHRS is required, and troubleshooting is simplified by the built-in fault
monitoring and self-test circuits of the AHRUs. When power is applied to the system, a series of
self-tests are performed to verify system functions. In addition, the system contains hardware
and software monitors and performs continuous background hardware and software
verification tests. Failure of these tests results in output of warn signals or system shutdown.
The Maintenance Discrete Output words are shown in Tables 14 through 17. Heading Fail,
Attitude Fail, Yaw Rate Fail and Turn Rate Fail warning signals will set flags on the aircraft flight
displays. The AHRS Fail warning signal provides a fail warning output any time one of the basic
display warnings is set. This AHRS Fail warning can be used in conjunction with the MASTER
WARNING display system.
Manually initiated self-tests can also be performed on each of the individual AHRUs. Self-test
discretes, one for each of the AHRUs, are provided for implementation. Actuation of the
discrete causes that unit to output test values to the aircraft systems. The parameters output
and the associated test values are shown in Section 1, Paragraph 8.
The monitoring and warning criteria are stated, and shown in Tables 1 to 7 inclusive. The DITS
Status information is provided in Tables 8 to 13 inclusive.
A chart of fault monitoring provisions (Maintenance Discrete Outputs - Labels 350 to 353) is
included in Tables 14 through 17.
NOTE
Paragraph 3 shows the check-list for the steps to be followed, when a fault appears
during an initial installation of a system. Likewise, the check-list may also be
consulted as a fault finding guide during the time that the equipment is in service.
1.1 Initial Installation Check
If you are working on an initial installation the following list may help you to check the layout of
your wiring.
(1) Power supply (J1)

- Primary power available at J1, Pin-1/, Pin-9 and J1, Pin-2/Pin-10
- If used auxiliary power at J1, Pin-3/Pin-11 and J1, Pin-4/Pin-12.
- Power to control discretes using J1, Pin-8 with J1, Pin-15 as ground reference.
(2) Fan (J2)

- In case the AHRS is mounted on a tray with fan the connector of the tray mounts to J2 of the
AHRS. Please note that this will enable a fan test that monitors the current to the fan.

SECTION 3 Page 301
Dec 2001
GmbH
(3) Synchro I/O (J3)

- Check if all used synchro and two wire AC outputs have their respective input (reference)
voltage.
- Check if all outputs have their respective wiring.
(4) I/O (J4)

- Check the Flux Valve connection with respect to section 1 table 31 (J4, Pin-2 and -22
respectively J4, Pin-9/Pin-30/Pin-51)
- Check for connection between J4, Pin-39 and J4, Pin-60 (mandatory).
- Check the programming pins to satisfy the ODD parity (J4, Pin-14/Pin-35/Pin-12/
Pin-13/Pin-11 /Pin-53/Pin-17) see section 1 paragraph 3.1 ff. and (7).
- Check input discretes to control Slewing (J4, Pin-lG/Pin-58), DG-Mag Mode (J4, Pin-57)
and Selftest (J4, Pin-55) see section 1 paragraph 3.8 and (8).
- Check WOW (J4, Pin-37). Please note that the WOW signal MUST be present at that time
when power is applied to the AHRS.
(5) CALPROM (J5)

The CALPROM will be mounted on J5 and stores compensation data for Flux Valve, Mounting
correction and Acceleration monitor. The CALPROM stays with the tray (if not defective) and is
therefore tied to the tray using a cord.
If power is applied to the AHRS the AHRS should power up and indicate proper operation (flags
are out of view) after 30 seconds of alignment time. If HSI/ADI indicate incorrect operation
please refer to the trouble shooting section in this manual. If the AHRS indicates proper
operation a general test shall be applied to ensure correct control of the AHRS. The next
verification step would test the displays or indicators for correct display of data.
Basic tool to check out an existing installation for proper operation is a ARINC 429 reader and
some kind of J4 Break-Out cable that allows to have access to one of the three ARINC data
busses coming from the AHRS. Alternatively you can follow the instructions given in the
trouble-shooting procedures.
(6) Verify proper AHRS operation using Maintenance Labels
Connect ARINC 429 Reader to AHRS Arinc output and switch to read label 350 through 353
- All data bits should be set to 0. If one or more bits are set to 1 please refer to table 14 ff.
- If all data bits are 0 but your indicator show invalid data the problem is in the wiring from the
AHRS to the indicator.

SECTION 3 Page 302
Dec 2001
GmbH
(7) Verify programming discretes

- Connect ARINC 429 Reader to AHRS Arinc output and switch to read label 303 (input
discrete 1) on the ARINC reader.
- Verify your installation setup as there are
- Mounting position 1 on Bit 14 (set to one if activated)
- Mounting position 2 on Bit 15 (set to one if activated)
- Parity on Bit 18 (set to one if activated)
- DG Mode logic select on Bit 19 (set to one if activated)
- Yaw rate SCF 1 on Bit 20 (set to one if activated)
- Yaw rate SCF 2 on Bit 21 (set to one if activated)
- Arinc Turn Rate select on Bit 22 (set to one if activated)
Please check that the sum of activated inputs MUST be an ODD number. You will get non-valid
indication of the HSI and ADI if the requirement is not satisfied.
(8) Verify input discretes
Connect ARINC 429 Reader to AHRS Arinc output and switch to read label 304 (input discrete
2) on the ARINC reader. The description assumes the A/C is On Ground.
Verify your installation
- Toggle the Selftest Switch in the cockpit and watch Bit 16 to toggle. Alternatively watch the
ADI/HSI to indicate a +45 deg Roll, + 5 deg pitch and +15 deg Heading display. This will not
work with the AHRS in In Air mode.
- Toggle the DG/Mag or Free/Slaved Switch in the cockpit and watch Bit 19 to toggle.
Alternatively the HSI may indicate DG-Mode if applicable.
- Toggle the Slew Left Switch with the DG/Mag Switch in DG-Mode in the cockpit and watch
Bit 21 to toggle. The HSI will decrease heading.
- Toggle the Slew Right Switch with the DG/Mag Switch in DG-Mode in the cockpit and watch
Bit 22 to toggle. The HSI will increase heading.
- Use some kind of tool to toggle the GND/ln Air switch to In Air and watch Bit 23 to toggle.
Alternatively you can activate the selftest with the AHRS on ground. This will cause HSI/ADI
as explained before. If you set the AHRS into In Air mode, the selftest will be inhibited.

SECTION 3 Page 303
Dec 2001
GmbH
1.3 Initial AHRS and Indicator Checks

The proper operation of the AHRS together with the displays like HSI/ADI or MFD may be done
as follows:
(1) Check HSI
- Turn A/C clockwise by more than +5 deg. Watch HSI to react respectively. Check out also
other indicators like stormscope etc.
(2) Check ADI
- Release AHRS from tray.
- Rotate AHRS +5 deg Pitch (nose up) and watch the ADI to respond respectively.
- Rotate AHRS -5 deg Pitch (nose up) and watch the ADI to respond respectively.
- Rotate AHRS +5 deg Roll (right wing down) and watch the ADI to respond respectively.
- Rotate AHRS -5 deg Roll (left wing down) and watch the ADI to respond respectively.
- Check out also other indicators like MFD etc.
1.2 Trouble Shoot AHRS Problems

(1) General description
The LITEF AHRS performs two sets of BIT (Built In Tests), one set is performed at power up
and another one is performed continuously. If one or more of the tests are faulty, an error
indication will prompt the pilot or ground crew for incorrect operation of the AHRS. At this time
the AHRS will output the results of the BIT tests on Label 350 through 353 (see activity 1.1(6)).
Most of the test results will be latched and at power down this information will be stored in the
internal Memory and can be downloaded from the AHRS (see section 2, para 5.5) using
special equipment.
(2) Recommended tools
- To perform activities as described in para 1.1 you will need an ARINC 429 Bus reader and
ARINC breakout cable to read one of the three ARINC busses from the AHRS. Alternatively
the J4 Break Out box as part of the LITEF Level One TS may be used.
- To perform activities as described in section 2, para 5.5 it is recommended to use the LITEF
Level One TS P/N 309444-0000.
(3) Fault is still present AND you have an ARINC 429 Bus reader
- Power down the AHRS pulling the circuit breakers and connect the Bus Reader with the
ARINC break out cable.
- Connect the ARINC break out cable also with the A/C wiring.
- Power up the AHRS
- Check with the ARINC reader labels 350 through 353. If there is any fault indication one or
more of the data bits are set to 1. Please refer to table 14 to 17 for suggested action(s).

SECTION 3 Page 304
Dec 2001
GmbH
(4) Fault is not present OR you do not have a ARINC 429 Bus reader.
In this case the stored records of the BIT History will be downloaded and analyzed. To do this
you need either the Level One TS or an equivalent test tool to read the BIT History. LITEF
recommends using the LITEF tool because the SW will be updated on regular basis. New SW
will be distributed to all users or on request. It is assumed that the SW has been successfully
installed on a desktop or laptop computer. Please refer to the appropriate pages in the User
Manual.
- Power down the AHRS
- Connect the J4 connector with the AHRS and A/C wiring
- Connect computer with J4 Break Out box using the interface cable and RS 422 to 232
adapter. Use the 25 pin to 9 pin adapter where applicable.
- Switch Maintenance Switch to ON and turn on power to the AHRS
- Start SW on laptop, enter PN and SN and select LEVEL 1/MAINTENANCE DATA/READ
from main menu.
- Press the C key to start the download
- The display will show the downloaded information. The records with the highest number
(top of record) are the most recent records. Try to match the observations/squawk with the
displayed error codes using the overall ETI and recorded ETI as well as the fault indication.
Use table 14 to initiate suggested actions.
- Please note that the Level One TS will copy this information into a subdirectory structure
where the 6 digit and 4 digit partnumber will be used for the structure starting from the root
directory and the SN together with a tag number starting at 001 as file name.

SECTION 3 Page 305
Dec 2001
GmbH
FLIGHT
MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
FLIGHT
DATA
RECORDER
Figure 1 Typical LCR-93 AHRS Installation

SECTION 3 Page 306
Dec 2001
GmbH
2 System Integrity
2.1 General
This chapter deals with the output state of the system during normal operation and for any
detected failure either internal to the system or to the inputs. The monitoring and warning
criteria are stated, and shown in Tables 1 to 7 inclusive, summarizing the no computed data
(NCD) conditions. Failure conditions on the DITS parameters are provided in Tables 8 to 13
inclusive.
2.1.1 AHRS Fault Monitoring Summary
Tables 1 to 7 inclusive itemize each failure condition, data validity check and software test in
the system which contributes to the fault monitoring. Then, the logic for combining these to
produce the WARN, BITE and SHUTDOWN conditions is provided, together with the discrete
output on label 270 and 271 and the failure warning in SSM of the digital binary ARINC outputs.
Flight critical failures, i.e. failures which may generate misleading information and affecr
aircraft safety, will cause an AHRU shut-down and are marked in the SHUTDOWN column.
The discrete outputs heading, attitude, yaw rate, turn rate and AHRS warn are also indicated
on label 271.
An indication is given as to which tests are latched, after the first failure, to a permanently set
state.
NOTE
The numbers in columns label 270 and 271 indicates which bits within the corresponding word
are set to 1. Numbers marked by an asterik indicates the 0 state of these bits.

SECTION 3 Page 307
Dec 2001
GmbH
SEE TABLES 8/9
Table 1 Monitoring Summary for the Processor Module

SECTION 3 Page 308
Dec 2001
GmbH
SEE TABLES 8/9
Table 2 Monitoring Summary for the Sensor Tests

SECTION 3 Page 309
Dec 2001
GmbH
SEE TABLES 8/9
Table 3 Monitoring Summary for the Sensor Tests (continued)

SECTION 3 Page 310
Dec 2001
GmbH
Table 4 Monitoring Summary for the Power Supply Module

SECTION 3 Page 311
Dec 2001
GmbH
Table 5 Monitoring Summary for the Interface Module

SECTION 3 Page 312
Dec 2001
GmbH
Table 6 Monitoring Summary for the Synchro Module

SECTION 3 Page 313
Dec 2001
GmbH
SEE TABLES
10/11
SEE TABLES
12/13
SEE PARA.
11, SECT. 1
SEE PARAS.
2.1.2, SECT 3
and 8, SECT 1.
SEE TABLES
10/11
Table 7 Monitoring Summary for the various Modes

SECTION 3 Page 314
Dec 2001
GmbH
NOTES with reference to Tables 1 to 7.

S Start up BIT (Power On Self-Test)
C Continuous BIT
1) In air, the failure annunciation will be suppressed until 60 seconds after
landing.
2) Test performed only On Ground. After landing, the failure annunciation
will be suppressed for the first 60 seconds.
3) In DG Mode, the failure annunciation will be suppressed with the exception
of labels 300, 306 and 334.
4) Test only, if AHRS is In Air and in MAG Mode.
5) Reaction time depends on flight dynamic.
6) Setting controlled by MSU Calibration Procedure.
7) Tests not performed on P/N -1XXX.
8) Failure will not be stored in the malfunction storage.
9) If not otherwise noted, tolerance "10%
10) Attitude can be set valid before completion of the align phase 2.
11) In DG Mode and MSU Calibration Mode, the failure annunciation will be
suppressed with the exception of the ARINC labels for Magnetic Sensor
Input (300, 306 and 334)
12) Failure will be flagged after 10 seconds of continuously exceeded
acceleration.
13) intentionally not used.
14) Test only, if AHRS is in the Basic Mode
15) Definition of BIT 16 of label 271, example : (16 /-), is dependent on the
configuration respectively, the P/N of the AHRU. The first value is valid for
the P/N 142185-1XXX and -3101. The second value is valid for the P/N
142185-2XXX and -3XX0.
16) The Basic Mode Annunciation will be suppressed on ground until 30
seconds after take off. Normal Mode will be indicated instead.
17) On landing the mode annunciation will be frozen until the AHRU is switched
off or until the A/C takes off again.
18) Test performed only On Ground if the aircraft motion does not exceed
certain limits.
19) Failure will be flagged after 4 seconds of continuous fault condition.
20) Test performed only when valid Pressure Altitude is available.
21) P/N 142185-3101 only
X set
B1 not set
- not influenced

SECTION 3 Page 315
Dec 2001
GmbH
2.1.2 DITS Status Indication

The following tables (Table 9 to table 13 inclusive) show the DITS status (SSM for each label) in
case that a specific built-in-test condition is met.
NOTE
For the assignment of the failure type to the appropriate BITE Test refer to
Tables 1 to 7 inclusive.
(1) for rates in excess of "128 degrees / second

(2) for accelerations in excess of "4g
Table 8 Failure annunciation on Digital Output

SECTION 3 Page 316
Dec 2001
GmbH

(4) for rates in excess of "32 degrees / second
(5) for wind speeds in excess of 256 knots and less than 5 knots
Table 9 Failure annunciation on Digital Output (continued)

SECTION 3 Page 317
Dec 2001
GmbH
The following tables (Table 10 and 11) show the SSM values
- no computed data (NCD)
- normal operation (Normal) and
- functional self-test (TST)
to be set depending on the actual system mode
- Align Mode
- MSU Calibration Mode
- Self-Test Mode and
- Maintenance Data Mode
N/A indicates output data is not available
(1) Attitude can be set valid before completion of the align phase 2
Table 10 SSM Indications depending on System Mode

SECTION 3 Page 318
Dec 2001
GmbH
Table 11 SSM Indications depending on System Mode (continued)
NOTES
BNR Numeric Data Words
(Labels 147, 300, 301, 302, 306, 312, 315, 316, 317, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325,
326, 327, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 336, 337, 354, 372, 373, 374, 361, 364, 365,
375, and 376)
Normal : SSM Bit 31/30 = 1/1
NCD : SSM Bit 31/30 = 0/1
Self-Test : SSM Bit 31/30 = 1/0
Failure Warning : SSM Bit 31/30 = 0/0
The SSM indications are listed in the order of ascending priority which deviates
from the order required by ARINC 429 with respect to NCD and self-test
BCD Numeric Data and Discrete Words
(Labels 046, 270-273, 303, 304, 350-353 and 377)
Normal : SSM Bit 31/30 = 0/0

SECTION 3 Page 319
Dec 2001
GmbH
The following tables (Table 12 and 13) show which valid input data from external sensors are
required in the Operational Mode for normal output data.
X Data must be available and valid to obtain the computed output label (Normal).
Otherwise NCD
(1) Magnetic Heading is always valid when in DG Mode.
(2) Output label is set valid after 60 seconds filter settling time in Operational Mode
after altitude input (label 203) becomes valid.
Otherwise NCD
Table 12 Required Input Availability for normal SSM Output

SECTION 3 Page 320
Dec 2001
GmbH
X Data must be available and valid to obtain the computed output label (Normal).
Otherwise NCD
(3) Normal only, if Inertial Altitude is also Normal.
Table 13 Required Input Availability for normal SSM Output (continued)

SECTION 3 Page 321
Dec 2001
GmbH
3 Maintenance Discrete Outputs

DITS labels 350 - 353 contain discrete information to assist in fault finding. This information
represents the actual failure status of the system and will be provided during normal operation.
The following tables define the allocation of these bits.
MAINTENANCE DISCRETE WORD 1, Label 350

BIT No. FUNCTION POSSIBLE CAUSE ACTION NOTE
1 - 13 not applicable
14 RAM fail AHRU defective return AHRU for repair
15 EEPROM fail AHRU defective return AHRU for repair
16 MSU CalPROM fail CalPROM not installed check installation, 1
CalPROM defective replace CalPROM
AHRU defective return AHRU for repair
17 Program cycle fail AHRU defective return AHRU for repair
18 Scheduler fail AHRU defective return AHRU for repair
19 Real Time Interrupt fail AHRU defective return AHRU for repair
20 Watch Dog Timer fail AHRU defective return AHRU for repair
21 Power Interrupt Timer fail AHRU defective return AHRU for repair
22 Misalignment CalPROM fail CalPROM not installed check installation, 1
23 Processor Test fail AHRU defective return AHRU for repair
24 ACC MON CalPROM fail CalPROM not installed check installation, 1
25 EEPROM Access fail AHRU defective return AHRU for repair
not used, always 0 (*)
26 Illegal Trap Exception AHRU defective return AHRU for repair
27 Fan Supply Monitor insufficient or exces- check installation
sive current to Fan check Fan supply voltage
and current for 24V/80mA
replace Fan if current less
than 25mA or more than
160mA
return AHRU for repair
28 not used
EEPROM Access fail (*)
29 not used, always 0
32 Odd Parity
(*) P/N -XXX2 only
Table 14 Maintenance Discrete Outputs (Label 350)

SECTION 3 Page 322
Dec 2001
GmbH

14 FOG auxiliary control loop fail 1 AHRU defective return AHRU for repair
15 FOG auxiliary control loop fail 2 AHRU defective return AHRU for repair
16 FOG Random Pattern Sync. fail AHRU defective return AHRU for repair
17 Max. Angular Rate exceeded Excessive rates (more check plausibility of excessive
than 600_/s) occured rates
18 Temp. Sensor fail Excessive tempera- check ambient temperatures
tures during operation
19 Sensor max. temp. exceeded Excessive tempera- check ambient temperatures
tures during operation
20 Accelerometer NOGO fail AHRU defective return AHRU for repair
21 Attitude Plausibility Test Excessive dynamics check flight profile
for extended periods,
Excessive drift return AHRU for repair
22 Sensor MUX/ADC fail AHRU defective return AHRU for repair
(instrument failure)
23 MSU Data fail Flux-valve incorrectly check installation
installed
poor horizontal check for plausibility
magnetic field
Flux-valve defective replace flux-valve
24 Acc. data plausibility test AHRU defective return AHRU for repair
25 Acc. zero delta velocity test AHRU defective return AHRU for repair
26 Max. acceleration exceeded Excessive acceleration Check for plausibility
(more than 10g) oc-
cured)
return AHRU for repair
AHRU defective
27 Vertical earth rate estimation AHRU defective return AHRU for repair
fail
28 not applicable
29 Vertical acc. bias estimation fail AHRU defective return AHRU for repair
30 - 31 SSM (Always 0)
32 Odd parity

SECTION 3 Page 323
Dec 2001
GmbH

14 DITS self-test fail AHRU defective return AHRU for repair
15 DITS transmitter not ready AHRU defective return AHRU for repair
16 DITS wrap-around fail AHRU defective return AHRU for repair
17 Analog/Digital Converter fail AHRU defective return AHRU for repair
(I/O)
18 Slaving error DAC reference AHRU defective return AHRU for repair
fail
19 Discrete output fail (I/O) AHRU defective return AHRU for repair
20 MSU reference not available no input signal at check availability of jumper
J4-60 available J4-39 to J4-60,
21 Program Pin Monitor Parity of program check installation
pins incorrect
22 not applicable
23 Heading Plausibility Test fail Flux-valve not calibrate flux-valve
calibrated
Fluxvalve defective replace flux-valve
Flux-valve installation check installation
faulty

32 Odd parity

SECTION 3 Page 324
Dec 2001
GmbH

14 Attitude reference unavailable no external input check wiring to/from 400 Hz 2
source and AHRU
15 Heading reference 1 unavail- no external input check wiring to/from 400 Hz 2
able source and AHRU
16 Heading Synchro 1 fail short circuit in wiring, check wiring to/from synchros.
17 Roll Synchro fail short circuit in wiring, check wiring to/from synchros.
18 Pitch Synchro fail short circuit in wiring, check wiring to/from synchros.
19 Yaw Rate DC output fail short circuit in wiring, check wiring
20 Turn Rate DC output fail short circuit in wiring, check wiring
21 Discrete output fail (Synchro) AHRU defective return AHRU for repair
22 Heading Synchro 2 fail short circuit in wiring, check wiring to/from synchros.
23 Heading reference 2 unavail- no external input. check wiring to/from 400 Hz 2
able source and AHRU.
24 Normal acc. DC output fail short circuit in wiring, check wiring
25 Mux / ADC fail (Synchro) AHRU defective return AHRU for repair
26 DC output DAC reference fail AHRU defective return AHRU for repair
30 - 31 SSM (Always 0)
32 Odd parity

NOTE
1) Recalibrate AHRU/CalPROM, if CalPROM was replaced
2) not stored into the malfunction memory

SECTION 3 Page 325
Dec 2001
GmbH
CONFIGURATION DISCRETE WORD, Label 155

1 - 18 Label
9 - 10 SDI
11 Synchro H/W present, 1 Hdg ref
12 Synchro H/W present, 2 Hdg ref
14 GPS extension enabled
15 Basic mode annunciation enabled
16 Yaw/turn rate warn combined
17 Yaw/turn rate exchanged
18 Zero as normal accel. analog test
19 On Ground logic reversed
20 EEPROM fail indication changed
21 Old CNFSEL enabled
22 DADS select enabeled
23 ARINC speed detection enabled
32 Odd parity
Table 18 Configuration Discrete Outputs (Label 155)

SECTION 3 Page 326
Dec 2001
GmbH
SECTION 4
REMOVAL / INSTALLATION

Decy 2001
GmbH
1 General
This section provides installation and removal procedures for the AHRUs. The AHRUs may be
located in the aircraft electronics rack or in an avionics bay.
CAUTION
Before any work is carried out on the AHRS which involves the
installation and removal of the AHRU, this section must be read
and thoroughly understood. Failure to observe these procedures
could lead to unnecessary damage to the equipment, e.g. the gas-
ket on the mounting tray.
Handle Units with care at all times. Mis-handling could cause dam-
age to sensitive components of the AHRU.
CAUTION
To prevent possible damage to the AHRS, always pull all AHRS-re-
lated aircraft circuit breakers out (off) before removing any unit.
2 Installation of the AHRU (Refer to Figure 1)

CAUTION
When performing the following step, do not use sharp-pointed
tools to pry out the plug caps because the tools may pierce the
plug cap and damage the connector pins.
1. Remove cap plugs from AHRU external connectors.
CAUTION
Failure to perform the following step may cause damage to the
AHRU connectors and/or mating connectors.
2. Ensure that all connector pins are undamaged and straight, and that no
foreign objects are in AHRU connectors and/or mating connectors.
3. Ensure that all AHRS-related circuit breakers are off.
4. Ensure that no tools or other items are in mounting tray or plenum.
5. Hold AHRU in position as shown in Figure 1 (view 2), and place rear end under
the keyway. Lower front end with the utmost care so as not to cause damage
to the gasket.
6. Engage hold-down fastener.
7. Tighten self-torquing hold-down fastener by turning clockwise until it is tight.
8. Connect 1J1 through 1J5. (When the CalProm is re-attached to J5 the existing
compass compensation and mounting alignment correction constants are
supplied to the replacement AHRU.)

SECTION 4 Page 401
Dec 2001
GmbH
3 Removal of the AHRU (Refer to Figure 2)

1. Pull all AHRU-related circuit breakers out (off).
2. Disconnect 1J1 through 1J5. (Leave CalProm secured to the mounting tray by
the retaining cable).
3. Loosen self-torquing hold-down fastener securing AHRU in mounting tray by
turning counterclockwise.
4. Grasp AHRU at the front (connector end), and lift to the position as shown in
Figure 2 (view 2) (so that the front end will clear the hold-down fastener) and
lift the unit clear of the mounting tray, ensuring that NO damage is caused to
the gasket..

SECTION 4 Page 402
Dec 2001
GmbH
AHRU
VIEW 1
DO NOT SLIDE AHRU
FRONT END
REAR END
OVER THE GASKET.

THIS CAN CAUSE DAMAGE.
KEYWAY
TRAY
GASKET HOLD-DOWN FASTENER
AHRU VIEW 2
HOLD AHRU IN THIS POSITION.
PLACE REAR END IN THE KEY-
WAY, AND LOWER FRONT END
WITH THE UTMOST CARE SO
AS NOT TO CAUSE DAMAGE
TO THE GASKET.
TRAY
GASKET
AHRU
VIEW 3
SECURE AHRU WITH THE
HOLD-DOWN FASTENER.
TRAY
GASKET
NOTE
DRAWINGS NOT ACTUAL AND NOT TO SCALE
Figure 1 Installation of the AHRU
LITEF DOCUMENT No: 1421850000840

SECTION 4 Page 403
Dec 2001
GmbH
VIEW 1
DO NOT SLIDE AHRU OVER
THE GASKET THIS CAN
CAUSE DAMAGE
REAR END
FRONT END
KEYWAY
HOLD-DOWN FASTENER
VIEW 2
MOVE AHRU TO THIS POSITION.
LIFT REAR END CLEAR OF
THE KEYWAY, AND REMOVE
AHRU FROM THE TRAY WITH
THE UTMOST CARE SO AS
NOT TO CAUSE DAMAGE TO
THE GASKET.
VIEW 3
TRAY WITH AHRU REMOVED
NOTE
DRAWINGS NOT ACTUAL AND NOT TO SCALE
Figure 2 Removal of the AHRU

SECTION 4 Page 404
Dec 2001
GmbH
SECTION 5
STORAGE / PACKAGING / TRANSPORTATION

Dec 2001
GmbH
1 General
This section provides storage, packaging and transportation procedures for the AHRU. The
procedures contain recommended specifications, but their use is not mandatory.
CAUTION
Handle Units with care at all times. Mis-handling could cause dam-
age to sensitive components of the AHRU.
2 Storage
The LCR-93 shall be stored in a dry dust free area. Dust free conditions can be ensured by
storing the LCR-93 in the original shipping container.
3 Packaging (References in accordance with ATA 300)

NOTE
Items subjected to electrostatic damage shall be packaged in
anti-static containers or wraps.
All repairable items which may be removed from the aircraft and economically restored to a
fully serviceable condition shall be shipped to an airline customer in reusable containers. This
requirement is specified because of the need to protect the item through shipment, handling,
and storage up to the moment of installation, and to repeat the cycle for the life of the item.
For the purpose of this specification, reusable shipping containers are designated as follows:
Category 1 Reusable for a minimum of 100 round-trips

Category 2 Reusable for a minimum of 10 round-trips
Category 3* Reusable for a minimum of 1 round-trip
(when used for repairable parts, refer to chapter 8 of ATA 300)
* applicable to LCR-93.
The above categories are differentiated by materials used in the container construction and
tests described in specification ATA 300.
Consideration of the special packaging, shipping, handling and storage aspects of

components shall be provided by the manufacturer because of its superior knowledge of its
products.This information should be made available sufficiently in advance of delivery of the
unit to the customer to permit orderly physical and financial planning. This information shall
include shock sensitivity. magnetic field sensitivity, hazardous materials classification,
electrostatic discharge sensitivity, etc.
Manufacturers shall publish and provide size (length, width and depth or detailed outline
drawings showing all external dimensions if required due to a peculiar part configuration) and
gross weight along with any applicable information required.

SECTION 5 Page 501
Dec 2001
GmbH
3.1 Special Packaging Requirements
The manufacturer of the unit or component shall establish and inform the customers of the
shelf life and storage instructions of its products. Items subject to abnormal deterioration,
corrosion or chemical reaction in storage by exposure to liquids, vapours, gases, or dust shall
be packaged in air-tight containers or wraps constructed of inert materials treated to neutralize
any captive air with non-toxic results. Marking of each unit package shall be in accordance with
Figure 1.
Assemblies or components which generate a magnetic field must be packaged and properly
spaced in shielding materials which will prevent the magnetic field from adversely affecting
adjacent items and instrumentation. In addition, when a part is susceptible to damage from
magnetic fields, the container shall provide necessary shielding from outside sources.
Items subject to electrostatic damage shall be packaged, marked and/or labelled in

accordance with Figure 2.
Items which are easily damaged when subjected to shock or vibration found in normal
transportation must have those fragility characteristics (the amount of G force to which an
item can be subjected without causing damage) documented by the manufacturer. This
includes damage boundary curves or a recommended G-levels and acceleration for a given
drop height.
4 Transportation (References in accordance with ATA 300)
The units shipped from the manufacturer to the customer shall be properly classified and
described, packaged, marked, labelled, documented and in condition for transport in
compliance with applicable regulations and instructions. Location of identification markings
are shown in Figure 3.

SECTION 5 Page 502
Dec 2001
GmbH
Figure 1 Packaging of Electrostatic Discharge Sensitive Devices
LITEF DOCUMENT No: 1421850000840

SECTION 5 Page 503
Dec 2001
GmbH
Figure 2 Electrostatic Discharge Sensitive Device Labels (typical examples)

SECTION 5 Page 504
Dec 2001
GmbH
Figure 3 Location of Identification Markings

SECTION 5 Page 505
Dec 2001
GmbH

SECTION 5 Page 506
Dec 2001
GmbH
To help us upgrading the quality of our publications, LITEF encourages any report of a possible
data error that will improve future editions of this publication.
142185-0000-840 Dec 2001
LCR93 Attitude and Heading Reference System
Please mail or FAX completed form to LITEF GmbH. Germany FAX No. is 049 761 4901380
eMail adress is AHRS.Support@LITEF.de
REPORT
Page 1

LCR 93 InstallationManual PDF

Cargado por

Información del documento

Título original

Derechos de autor

Formatos disponibles

Compartir este documento

Compartir o incrustar documentos

Opciones para compartir

¿Le pareció útil este documento?

¿Este contenido es inapropiado?

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

LCR 93 InstallationManual PDF

Cargado por

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

GmbH

ATTITUDE AND HEADING REFERENCE SYSTEM

LCR-93 PART NO. 142185

INSTALLATION / MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTION

LITEF DOCUMENT NO. 142185-0000-840

ATTITUDE AND HEADING REFERENCE SYSTEM

LCR-93 PART NO. 142185

INSTALLATION / MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTION

LITEF DOCUMENT NO. 142185-0000-840

INSTALLATION / MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTION

ATTITUDE AND HEADING REFERENCE SYSTEM

LCR-93 PART No. 142185

E 2001 LITEF GmbH

2 How important information is shown

OUTLINE DRAWINGS NOT TO SCALE

LCR93 Attitude and Heading Reference System Frontispiece

THE LCR-93 INSTALLATION / MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTION

SECTION 1 installation instructions

SECTION 2 description and operation

SECTION 3 testing and troubleshooting

SECTION 4 removal and installation

SECTION 5 storage / packaging / transportation

AND WITH EACH SECTION BEING DIVIDED INTO PARAGRAPHS

For a more comprehensive listing refer to the table of contents

LITEF LCR-93 Level 1 Test Set

Figure 1 LCR-93 Level 1 Test Set

RECORD OF TEMPORARY REVISIONS

SERVICE BULLETIN LIST

LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES

SECTION PAGE DATE

No. TITLE PAGE

No. TITLE PAGE

SECTION 2 DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

SECTION 3 TESTING AND TROUBLESHOOTING

SECTION 4 REMOVAL / INSTALLATION

SECTION 5 STORAGE / PACKAGING / TRANSPORTATION

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS (continued)

MSU Magnetic Sensor Unit

LITEF DOCUMENT No: 142185-0000-840

1.1 LCR-93 Configuration list

LITEF DOCUMENT No: 142185-0000-840

Speed vector output

BASIC mode discrete

Body rate anti aliasing filter

automatic DADS speed selection

RTCA DO-160C / DO-178 Level 1

RTCA DO-160D / DO-178B Level

SECTION 1 Page 102

1.3 System Parts

Unit Part No.

* to be ordered directly P/N 620359** Honeywell FX-120 (flux valve)

*** to be ordered directly P/N 7010133** Honeywell FX-600 (flux valve)

MSU Calibration PROM P/N 124282-0000

Installation Kit (AHRU with P/N 124284-0000 (metallized plastic housings)

Installation Kit (AHRU without P/N 124285-0000 (metallized plastic housings)

AHRU Mounting Tray P/N 124260-0000 Standard Tray (excluding Fan)

P/N 140691-0000 Standard Tray (including Fan)

Compass Controller Unit P/N 140855-0010 (5V Lighting, black panel)

P/N 140855-0030 (5V Lighting, grey panel)

P/N 140855-0040 (28V Lighting, grey panel)

Installation Kit for CCU if fitted P/N 141468-0000

Level 1 Test Set P/N 309444-0000

LITEF DOCUMENT No: 142185-0000-840

* to be ordered directly P/N 7010133 Honeywell FX-600 (flux valve)