Verbos Auxiliares

VERBO TO HAVE (tener, haber)

PRESENTE SIMPLE PRESENTE PERFECTO FUTURO SIMPLE FUTURO PERFECTO
I have I have had I shall have I shall have had
you have you have had you will have you will have had
he has he has had he will have he will have had
we have we have had we shall have we shall have had
you have you have had you will have you will have had
they have they have had they will have they will have had

PASADO SIMPLE PASADO PERFECTO CONDICIONAL SIMPLE CONDICIONAL PERFECTO

I had I had had I should have I should have had
you had you had had you would have you would have had
he had he had had he would have he would have had
we had we had had we should have we should have had
you had you had had you would have you would have had
they had they had had they would have they would have had

A FORMA INTERROGATIVA FORMA NEGATIVA

Presente Simple have I? I have not
Pasado Simple had I? I had not
Presente Perfecto have I had? I have not had
Pasado Perfecto had I had? I had not had
Futuro Simple shall I have? I shall not have
Condicional Simple should I have? I should not have
Futuro Perfecto shall I have had? I shall not have had
Condicional Perfecto should I have had? I should not have had

VERBO TO BE (ser, estar)

PRESENTE SIMPLE PRESENTE PERFECTO FUTURO SIMPLE FUTURO PERFECTO
I am I have been I shall be I shall have been
you are you have been you will be you will have been
he is he has been he will be he will have been
we are we have been we shall be we shall have been
you are you have been you will be you will have been
they are they have been they will be they will have been

PASADO SIMPLE PASADO PERFECTO CONDICIONAL SIMPLE CONDICIONAL PERFECTO

I was I had been I should be I should have been
you were you had been you would be you would have been
he was he had been he would be he would have been
we were we had been we should be we should have been
you were you had been you would be you would have been
they were they had been they would be they would have been

A FORMA INTERROGATIVA FORMA NEGATIVA

Presente Simple am I? I am not
Pasado Simple was I? I was not
Presente Perfecto have I been? I have not been
Pasado Perfecto had I been? I had not been
Futuro Simple shall I be? I shall not be
Condicional Simple should I be? I should not be
Futuro Perfecto shall I have been? I shall not have been
Condicional Perfecto should I have been? I should not have been

http://www.ompersonal.com.ar/omgrammar/verbosauxiliares.htm
Pagina para autoevaluacion

http://www.ompersonal.com.ar/omevaluation/contenidotematico.htm

Redaccion en Ingles

http://www.ompersonal.com.ar/OMWRITE/contenidotematico.htm

Paginas para Diferenciar elementos similares en ingles ejm They y

their

http://www.elearnenglishlanguage.com/difficulties/theirtheretheyre.html
Verbo ingls : To Be (Ser, Estar)

To be es el verbo ms tpico en ingls. Tiene tres conjugaciones en el presente.

La conjugacin para I (yo) es am. La conjugacin para you (t, Ud., vosotros,
Uds.), we (nosotros) y they (ellos, ellas) es are. La conjugacin para la tercera
persona singular he (l), she (ella) e it (l, ella) es is.

I am
you are
he is
she is
it is
we are
they are

Uso

To be es normalement equivalente a los verbos ser y estar. Tambin se puede ser

igual a tener o hacer. To be puede ser seguido de un adjetivo, un nombre, una
preposicin o un verbo.

To be + adjetivo

Estado actual
I am tired (Estoy cansado)
He is sick (Es enfermo)
Are you ready? (Ests listo?)
We are hungry (Tenemos hambre)

Descripcin
She is pretty (Es bonita)
They are kind (Son amables)
 We are Russian (Somos rusos)

To be + nombre

I am a lawyer (Soy abogado)

He is a student (Es estudiante)
We are friends (Somos amigos)

To be + preposicin

Lugar
I am at home (Estoy en la casa)
It is on the table (Est en la mesa)
Are you in England? (Ests en Inglaterra?)

Origen
He's from Spain (Es de Espaa)
I am from San Diego (Soy de San Diego)
This coffee is from Africa (Este caf es de frica)

To be + verbo

To be se utiliza con otros verbos para crear otras construcciones verbales.

1. To be seguido del participio presente (que se termina en -ing en ingls) crea el

presente continuo, que indica una accin que se pasa ahora mismo.

I am working (Trabajo, Estoy trabajando)

He is running (Corre, Est corriendo)
Are you sleeping? (Duermes? Ests dormiendo?)

2. To be seguido del participio pasado (que se termina normalmente en -ed o -en)

crea la voz pasiva.

TV is watched too much (Se mira demasiado la televisin)

Cake is eaten with a fork (La tarta se come con tenador)
Books are written on every subject (Los librons son escritos sobre todo
sujeto)

3. To be seguido del infinitivo (to + verbo) indica algo que debe pasar. (Esta
construccin es bastante raro y formal en ingls - se usa to have en su lugar.)

You are to help us (Debes ayudarnos)

I am to leave tomorrow (Voy a / Tengo que irme maana)
We are to call if we need help (Debemos llamar si necesitamos ayuda)

Otros usos de to be

Hora
What time is it? (Qu hora es? )
 It is 10am (Son las 10)
It is late (Es tarde)

Tiempo
It is sunny (Hace sol)
It is hot (Hace calor)
Is it windy? (Hace viento?)

Verbo ingls : To Do (Hacer)

To do es uno de los verbos ingleses ms importantes. Tiene dos conjugaciones en
el presente. La conjugacin para la tercera persona singular he (l), she (ella) e it
(l, ella) es does. Para todas las otras personas gramaticales, la conjugacin es
do.

I do
you do
he does
she does
it does
we do
they do

El verbo do es un equivalente del verbo hacer.

She does her homework at night. Ella hace su tarea por la tarde.
We do this all the time. Hacemos eso todo el tiempo.
Tim does nothing all day. Tim no hace nada todo el da.
I do my chores after school. Hago mis quehaceres despus de clase.

English Yes/No questions ~ Preguntas de s o no en

ingls
En ingls hay dos tipos de preguntas bsicas: preguntas de s o no (yes/no
questions) y preguntas de informacin (wh- questions).

En ingls, las preguntas de s o no usan los verbos be, have, do, o un verbo modal.
Esas preguntas siempre empiezan con uno de esos verbos y se puede contestar las
con slo yes (s) o no, o sea con la pregunta repetida como una afirmacin.

Ntese: No es posible hacer una pregunta sin uno de eso verbos auxiliares.

He want a car? Does he want a car?

Quiere un coche?
You going to eat with us? Are you going to eat with us?
Vas a comer con nosotros?

BE

Usa el verbo be para preguntar sobre la identidad, la descripcin o la ubicacin de

algo o alguien, o sobre unas actividades o situaciones en el present o el pasado.

Identidad / Descripcin

Usa be con un nombre o adjetivo para preguntar sobre la identidad o la descripcin

de una persona, un lugar o una cosa.

Am I your best friend? Yes (you are).

Soy tu mejor amigo?
Is this interesting? No (it is not).
Eso es interesante?
Are these islands part of Greece? Yes (they are).
Esas islas pertenecen a Grecia?
Was his idea good? No (it wasn't).
Su idea era buena?
Were they happy? Yes (they were).
Eran felices?

Ubicacin

Be, ms una frase preposicional, est usado para preguntar sobre la ubicacin de
ayer y de hoy de una persona o una cosa.

Am I near your house? No (you aren't).

Estoy cerca de tu casa?
Is he in Panam? Yes (he is).
Est en Panam?
Are we at the border yet? No (we are not).
Llegamos a la frontera ya?
Was his apartment above a bakery? Yes (it was).
Su apartamento estaba encima de una
panadera?
Were the demonstrations downtown? No (they weren't).
Las manifestaciones eran en el centro?

Actividades y situaciones en el presente

Para preguntar sobre actividades o situaciones que estn pasando ahora o que van
a pasar muy pronto, usa el progresivo presente: el presente de be + participio
presente (verbo+ing).
Am I going with you and Tom? Yes (you are).
Voy contigo y con Tom?
Is England adopting the euro? No (it isn't).
Inglaterra adoptar el euro?
Is she working today? No (she isn't).
Ella est trabajando hoy?
Are they going there now? Yes (they are).
Estn yendo all ahora?
Are we seeing a play tonight? Yes (we are).
Veremos un obra de teatro esta
noche?

Actividades y situations en el pasado

Para preguntar sobre una actividad o situacin que ocuri en el pasado y dur por
un tiempo indeterminado, usa el progresivo pasado: el pasado de be + participio
presente.

Was it raining? Yes (it was).

Estaba lloviendo?
Was Anna cooking? No (she wasn't).
Anna cocinaba?
Were the prisoners rebelling? Yes (they were).
Se estaban rebelando, los
prisioneros?
Were they singing? No (they weren't).
Cantaban?

Suceso pasado

Para preguntar sobre algo que pas a una persona o una cosa, usa la voz pasiva: el
pasado de be + participio pasado (verbo + ed o en)

Was he given a reward? Yes (he was).

Fue dado un premio?
Was I chosen? No (you were not).
Fue escojido yo?
Were you driven home in a taxi? Yes (we were).
Fuiste llevado a la casa en un taxi?
Were dinosaurs killed by meteors? No they weren't).
Los dinasauros fueron matados por
meteoros?

HAVE
Usa el verbo have para preguntar si una accin ha ocurrido o si alguien ha hecho
algo.

Ntese que el verbo auxiliar have es en el presente* y el verbo principal siempre es

un participio pasado.

Has your brother left? No (he hasn't).

Tu hermano ha salido?
Have you flown before? Yes (I have).
Ha volado usted, ya?
Has the party started? Yes (it has).
Ya empez la fiesta?
Have the guests eaten? No (they haven't).
Los invitados han
comido?

*Es posible formar una pregunta de s o no con had (el pasado de have) pero
solamente en situaciones muy particulares. Entonces, eso ser explicado en una
leccin futura.

DO

Usa el verbo do para obtenir datos de personas, lugares o cosas.

Do siempre es seguido por el sujeto y un verbo en el infinitivo sin to.

Do they smoke? No (they don't).

Ellos fuman?
Does Bogot get cold? Yes (it does).
Hace frio en Bogot?
Did it work? No (it didn't).
S funcion?
Do flying fish really fly? No (they don't).
Los peses voladores en verdad
vuelan?
Does running hurt your knees? Yes (it does).
El correr se te hace mal a las rodillas?
Did teaching challenge you? Yes (it did).
El ensear se te desafi?

VERBOS MODALES

Usa los verbos modales para obtenir ms informacin sobre posibilidades o

incertidumbres.

Los verbos modales siempre estn seguidos de un verbo en el infinitivo sin to.
Can we stay? Yes (we can stay).
Podemos quedar?
Could this be true? Yes (it could be true).
Puede ser verdico?
Should they stop? No (they shouldn't).
Deberan parar?
May I help you? Yes (you may).
Le puedo ayudar?
Will it rain? No (it won't rain).
Llover?
Would you go with me? Yes (I would).
Iras conmigo?

Recuerda: Al formar una pregunta con do o un verbo modal, el verbo principal

queda en el infinitivo sin to.

Incorrecto Correcto
Do you to drink coffee? Do you drink coffee?
Tomas el caf?
Does she to work here? Does she work here?
Ella trabaja aqu?
Can I to go with you? Can I go with you?
Puedo ir contigo?
Should we to email her? Should we email her?
Deberamos mandarle un
email?

No obstante, si hay dos verbos infinitivos que siguen el verbo do, el segundo
infinitivo requiere to.

Incorrecto Correcto
Do you want drink coffee? Do you want to drink a coffee?
Quires tomar un caf?
Does she like work here? Does she like to work here?
A ella le gusta trabajar aqu?
Did you need go home? Did you need to go home?
Usted necesitaba ir a la
casa?

noter : Il est impossible de poser une question ferme sans verbe auxiliaire.

He know your phone number? Does he know your phone number?

Sabe su nmero de telfono?
They returning today? Are they returning today?
Van a regresar hoy?

Ntese que hay varias maneras de contestar a una pregunta de s o no,

especialemente al usar las contracciones.

Is he busy? No.
l est
ocupado? No.

No, he isn't.
No, he's not.
No, he is not.
No, no lo est.

No, he isn't busy.

No, he's not busy.
No, he is not busy.
No, no est
ocupado.

Negacin con do
En frases negativas, do funciona como verbo auxiliar. As, do es el verbo conjugado
y el que lleva tiempo (presente o pasado) mientras el verbo principal queda en el
infinitivo (sin to).

La palabra negativa not cae entre los dos verbos.

negaci verbo
sujeto auxiliar nombre
n principal
1. I do not like bananas.
2. He does eat
3. Canada does grow
4. We do sell
5. Tom did buy
6. They did import

1. No me gustan los pltanos.

2. l no come pltanos.
3. Canada no cultiva pltanos.
4. No vendemos pltanos.
5. Tom no compr pltanos.
6. No importaron pltanos.

El negativo del verbo do puede ser una contraccin. Este tip de contraccin ocurre
con mucha frequencia en el ingls oral y escrito.

do don't
does + not = doesn't
did didn't

Con la excepcin de los verbos be y los verbos modales, do es obligatorio para

formar frases negativas.

I want to go. I do not want to go.

Quiero ir. No quiero ir.

He knows me. He doesn't know me.

l me conoce. l no me conoce.

We have a car. We don't have a car.

Tenemos un coche. No tenemos un coche.

They read books. They do not read books.

Leen libros. No leen libros.

Susan works here. Susan does not work here.

Susan trabaja
Susan no trabaja aqu.
aqu.

Si la oracin est en el pasado, el verbo principal revuelve al infinitivo y el verbo do

est puesto en el pasado.

She watched TV. She did not watch TV.

Ella mir la tele. Ella no mir la tele.

Maria liked Ted. Maria didn't like Ted.

Maria quera a
Maria no quera a Ted.
Ted.
We drank coffee. We did not drink coffee.
Tomamos caf. No tomamos caf.

I saw the movie. I didn't see the movie.

Vi la pelcula. No vi la pelcula.

They smoked. They didn't smoke.

Fumaron. No fumaron.

Verbo ingls : To Have (Tener)

To have es uno de los verbos ingleses ms importantes. Tiene dos conjugaciones

en el presente. La conjugacin para la tercera persona singular he (l), she (ella) e
it (l, ella) es has. Para todas las otras personas gramaticales, la conjugacin es
have.

I have
you have
he has
she has
it has
we have
they have

Uso

To have es normalement equivalente al verbo tener. Tambin se puede ser igual

a haber. To have puede ser seguido de un nombre, un participio pasado o un
infinitivo.

To have + nombre

I have two brothers (Tengo dos hermanos)

Do you have a pen? (Tienes una pluma?)
I think he has a question (Creo que tiene una pregunta)

To have + participio pasado

Esta construccin forma el present perfect (pretrito perfecto):

We have already eaten (Ya hemos comido)
Have they tried to help you? (Han tratado de ayudarte?)
She has gone there three times (Ella ha ido all tres veces)

To have + infinitivo

I have to study (Tengo que estudiar)

We have to leave (Tenemos que partir)
He has to take a shower (Tiene que ducharse)