Pressure vessels are susceptible to various types of damage by several

mechanisms. Typical damage types and mecha- nisms are as follows.

a. General and local metal loss:

1. Sulfidation;

2. Oxidation;

3. Microbiologically induced corrosion;

4. Naphthenic acid corrosion;

5. Erosion/erosion-corrosion;

6. Galvanic.

a. Prdidas metlicas generales y locales: 1. Sulfidacin; 2. Oxidacin; 3. corrosin

microbiolgicamente inducida; 4. La corrosin del cido naftnico; 5. Erosin / erosin-
corrosin; 6. Galvnico

b. Surface connected cracking:

1. Fatigue;

2. Caustic stress corrosion cracking;

3. Sulfide stress corrosion cracking.

b. Grietas conectadas en superficie:

1. Fatiga;
2. Grietas por corrosin por tensin causal;
3. Grietas por corrosin por esfuerzos sulfurosos.

c. Subsurface cracking:

Hydrogen induced cracking.

c. Grietas subsuperficiales: Fisuracin inducida por hidrgeno.

d. Microfissuring/microvoid formation:

1. High temperature hydrogen attack;

2. Creep.

d. Microfisuracin / formacin de microvas: 1. ataque de hidrgeno a alta temperatura; 2.

Creep.(arrastarse/deslizar)

e. Metallurgical changes:

1. Graphitization;

2. Temper embrittlement.

e. Cambios metalrgicos: 1. Grafitizacin; 2. Temblar la fragilidad

f. Blistering:

Hydrogen blistering

g. Dimensional changes:

1. Creep and stress rupture;

2. Thermal.

h. Material Properties Changes:

Brittle fracture.

F. Abrasador: Ampollas de hidrgeno gramo.

g. Cambios dimensionales: 1. Ruptura y ruptura por estrs; 2. Trmico.

h. Cambios en las propiedades del material: Fractura por fragilidad.