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http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.579775
of life and factors affecting it in women with breast coefficient of was achieved 7%in all areas except
cancer receiving chemotherapy thatrefer to for social arena that was 55%. Two questions of 27
therapeutic educational centers of Shefa and and 28 were added to the areas of social
Golestanto take a step to more effective and more relationshipsfor this reason to achieve good
informedin planning for taking care of them based on reliability, so the questionnaire has been standard in
these findings. Iran. But its reliabilitywill be calculated again in this
study by Cronbach's alpha.
METHOD: Data collection was done after obtaining permission
This research is a descriptive analytical study that from the departments of research and treatment of
was conducted to determine the quality of life Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences and providing
associated with health of women with breast it to the Shefa and Golestantherapeutic educational
cancerreferred to Ahvaz Golestan and centers of Ahvaz. Data processing was performed
Shefatherapeutic educational centers in 2012. The using SPSS software. Mean and standard deviation
research population included all women with breast were used to determine patients quality of life score
cancer who were referred to Shefaand Golestan in different aspects.Linear regression was also used
hospital that were censused. to determine demographic factors.
The samples will be based on inclusion criteria Findings:
including age above 18 years, no history of mental This study was conducted on 100 women with breast
health problems based on patients' statement, no cancer receiving chemotherapy that are censused
history of other cancers, lack of recurrence, a history based on inclusion criteria. The results showed that
of chemotherapy that will be studied graduallyand the mean age of the studied subjects is 85/46 (SD
randomly. 11/55) and the majority of patients (73%) are
Questionnaire data collectingtool was consisted of married. A greater percentage of them 46% were
two parts: The first part includes age, marital status, illiterate. 88% were housewives, the economic
educational level, place of residence, occupation, situation of54.5% wasmedium. An average age of
family income, health insurance, family history of menarchefor affected women was, the average
breast cancer, history and number of chronic gestational agewas0.304 20.37 and the average
diseases, duration of breast cancer diagnosis, type of
breast surgery, duration after surgery, the type and number of chemotherapy courses was.58% of the
amount and method of administration of samples were studied under mastectomy and 31%
chemotherapy drugs, the number of under breast conservative surgery, while 11% have
chemotherapycourses, duration after the last not been under any type of surgery.The average score
chemotherapy, menarche age, age at first pregnancy, of quality of life in physical health
number of children, number of deliveries and child- was0.558 23.867, mental health 0.359 14.085,
delivery and the second part: is a health-related life
standard questionnaire. The general questionnaire of 14.56 0.48 social communications, environmental
quality of life (WHOQOL- EREF26 items) that health 19.945 0.554 and the total life quality score
measures four areas of physical health, mental health,
social relationships and environmental health with was2.154 87.952,the results also showed that the
(24 items). The first two questions do not belong to quality of life scorewas lower in the psychological
none of the areas and the quality of life status and area to other aspects of quality of life (Table 1-
health is evaluated in general, so the questionnaire 2).There is a significant relationship between quality
consists of26 questions in total which scale from 1 to of life and age, education, income, type of health
5 will be given to each question that these scores will insurance, history of chronic diseases and cancer,
be reversed for three questions (3, 4 and 26).a score type ofbreast surgery, duration of diagnosis,according
of 0 to 100is given in each area,where 0 is a sign of to the research findingsbut there is no significant
worst and100 isasign ofthe bestarea situation. The relationshipbetween demographic variables and
reliability and validity of the questionnaire in Iran quality of life.
were evaluated by a doctor Nejat et al that the
Table I: average quality of life with 5 levels in the breast cancer patients with chemotherapy
Dissatisfied 22 22.45
Table2: total quality of life in the breast cancer patient with chemotherapy
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: the quality of life in women with breast cancer under
Quality of life in women with breast cancer receiving 50 years is good on average (20).That the difference
chemotherapy in this study was medium at can be attributed to the differences in cultural
55.56%,according to the findings of this study. On background, age of the studied subjects, instruments
the other hand, the quality of life in other aspects Used in the Assessment the quality of life and
showed that a majority of the studied subjects in heterogeneous of the studied subjects for the stage
physical aspect was 56.12%, social aspect 41.67%, and type of treatment. The findings of this study also
environmental health 39.73% and in mental aspect showed that the quality of life in the area of mental
was 48.94% higher than the average level,While the health was lower than other areas. The findings of
quality of lifein the majority of women 51.8% was Van Esch and et al areconsistent in this respect
also medium in Ahmadi and et al study(15). withKarami and et al in Qazvin (2-21).While Robin
Samarkushowed in his study in New York City that and et al demonstrated that the physical area score
was lower than other areas of the quality of life with the better quality of life.Ghafari et al, Rezai and
(22).Perhaps this difference in results is due to the et al, Monfaredand et al found similar results, in this
average time of diagnosis was different in two regard(28-29). But results ofTaira and et al showed
articles and this shows that it is not a long time from that the economic situation does not have a
surgical and chemotherapy and adjuvant diagnosis statistically significant correlation with quality of
and treatment in these patients and still some patients life(30). This difference may be due to differences in
suffer from the psychological damaging effects research time and supporting insurance systems in
resulting from their disease diagnosis and treatment different countries and regions. The
(16).There was a significant relationship between the desirableeconomic situationof patients facilitates
quality of life and age, education, income, type of their access to healthcare services and better
health insurance, history of chronic diseases and carepossibility.Thus patients with higher incomes
cancer, type of breast surgery, duration of will have less financial concerns and less spiritual-
diagnosis,based on research findings. But there is no psychological and physical conflicts for monetization
significant relationshipbetween demographic and providetheir heavy treatment costs (16).Results
variables and quality of life. The results in case of of this study showed that the score of quality of life
age showed that the quality of life decreases with in patients under breast conservativesurgery is higher
increasing age. In other words, there is a significant than mastectomied patients. The findings of Radwan
and diverse relationship between age and quality of and et al, Ganzet al and Monfared and et al also
life. The results were consistent with other studies confirmed these results (16-24-31).But Osumi and et
such as Monfared and et al (16).But Smithet al. and al andErb and et al study showed that there was no
Radwan et al. studies showed thatincreasing age had significant relationship betweenthe type of surgery
lead to improving the quality of life, but Robin et al. and quality of life in patients with breast cancer(32-
Karami et al found no significant relationship in this 33).We can say breast is the symbol of gender,
field. Perhaps the difference in the results is cultural feminine identity and aspects of motherly,according
differences and the number of the samples in the to Monfared and et al. Hence the removal of this
study (2-22-23-24).Older women have more health organ, especially in younger women leads to reduced
problems and also widowed or marriage of children sexual, appearance attractivenessand negative impact
makes them lonely and affect their social relations, on mental health and their quality of life (16).
according to Monfared and et al; as a result, these The results of this study showed that the score of
problems affect the quality of life in older women quality of lifegoes higher with increasing duration of
adversely (16). disease diagnosis. Karami and et al,Hartle et al and
The results of this study showed that there is not a Monfared et al also reaches the same conclusion in
significant relationship between the variable of their studies (2-16-34).While the results of Smith et
marital status and quality of life, results of other al., Rob and et al, Aqabarary and et al showed that
studies such as Avzaras et al., Karami and et al, thereis not a significant relationship between the
Ahmad and et al confirmed these findings. While the passedtime since diagnosis and quality of life (15-23-
study of Monfaredand et al showed that there is a 32).Perhaps differenceatthe time of performing
significant relationship between it and quality of life researches causes differences in results, so that an
(2-25).it may be said in general that the impact of average of more than two years were passed from the
matrimony on individualsquality of life affected by time of diagnosisin some studies. While it was
their social and cultural differences (16). performed during adjuvant treatments or initial time
The findings also showed that there is a direct of diagnosis in others. Breast cancer diagnosis is a
relationship between education level and score of frightening incident with the fear of death, lack of
quality of life.Findings of Avzaras and et al, Smith awareness and fear of treatment and its complications
and et al Monfared and et al was also collinear with for many women,according to Monfared et al.which
the present study (23-25-26).While Cohen and et al greatly affects their quality of life.But the intensity of
study results showed that no significant relationship negative impacts on quality of life
between level of education and quality of life decreasesfollowing treatment with passing of time
(27).Low education is associated with lower social and adapting to these events and stabilization the
support, lack of awareness of health care ,according patient's condition (16).Also thereis no significant
to Monfared et althat can lead to reduced quality of relationship between distance of chemotherapy and
life in patients.As a result, higher education improves surgeryand quality of life. Osumy and et al study also
their quality of life with the impact on health status found similar results (33). But findings of Taira and
and consciousness of individuals (16). et al, Monfaredand et al showed that there is a
Results in respect to the average variable of monthly significant relationship between them,it means that
income also showed that higher income is associated womens quality of life gets better over time. Women
breast surgery would have a significant impact on 2-.Karami O, Falahat- Pisheh F, Jahani H, Beiraghdar
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interpreting the results of this study should be done psychic convenience with individual factors of
with caution. Conducting more studies in patients patients with breast cancer in hospitals of Tehran
with different kinds of cancer seems necessaryin university of medical science. Journal of Iran breast
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: of breast cancer early detection behaviour: a
This article is derived from HadisAshrafizadeh qualitative research. JBUMS. 2008; 15(3): 88-102.
undergraduate nursing student research project which 12.Palmer JR, Adams-Campbell LL, Boggs DA,
has been registered in the Research Centerof Ahvaz Wise LA,Rosenberg L. a prospective study of body
Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences with size and breast cancer in black women. Cancer
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ETC (ajums.RCE.1393.246) 12.7.1393 on this date, 13.Fazel A, Tirgary B, Mokhber N, Koshyar M,
the authors hereby appreciatesresearch deputy of Esmaeili H. Impact mastectomy on mode and quality
Ahvaz Jundishapur university of Medical Sciences as of life in patients with breast cancer journal of
well as the cooperation of honorable officials of shahidSadoghi university of medical of science.
Golestan hospital, personnel and all the patients who 2008;16(3): 28-36 .
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