Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
4 Cs
Competence
Control
Co-operation
Communication
Health the protection of the bodies and minds of people from illness
resulting from the materials, processes or procedures used in the
workplace.
Ill health- the two words are normally used together to indicate concern
for the physical and mental well-being of the individual at the place of
work.
Hazard and a risk the two terms are often confused and activities such
as construction work are called high risk when they are high hazard.
Criminal law
is enforced by several different Government Agencies who may
prosecute individuals for contravening criminal laws.
An individual who breaks criminal law is deemed to have committed an
offence or crime and, if he is prosecuted, the court will determine
whether he is guilty or not
the court could sentence him to a fi ne or imprisonment
The Health and Safety at Work Act (enforced by the Health and Safety
Executive or Local Authority Environmental Health Officers)
Road Traffic Acts
The prosecution in a criminal case has to prove the guilt of the
accused beyond reason-able doubt. While this obligation is not totally
removed in health and safety cases, section 40 of the Health and
Safety at Work Act 1974 transferred, where there is a duty to do
something so far as is reasonably practicable or so far as is
practicable or use the best practicable means, the onus of proof to
the accused to show that there was no better way to discharge his
duty under the Act. However, when this burden of proof is placed on
the accused, they need only satisfy the court on the balance of
probabilities that what they are trying to prove has been done.
Magistrates Courts
brought before the court by enforcement officers
tried by a bench of three lay magistrates (members of public) or a
single district judge
Crown Court
Passed from Magistrates Courts
Cases are heard by a judge (sometimes him alone) and jury
unlimited fine and up to two years imprisonment for breaches of
enforcement notices
hears appeals from the Magistrates Court
Civil law
disputes between individuals or individuals and companies
An individual sues another individual or company to address a civil
wrong or tort
the level of proof required is based on the balance of probability,
which is a lower level of certainty than that of beyond reasonable
doubt required by the criminal court
County Court
deals with minor cases
compensation claims of up to 50 000 if the High Court agrees
normally heard by a judge sitting alone
For personal injury claims of less than 5000
High Court
before a judge only
compensation claims in excess of 50 000
acts as an appeal court for the County Court
appeals from the High Court are made to the Court of Appeal
fine based on company turnover and ability to pay
Supreme Court
Independent institution
12 judges
Final court of appeal
Employment Tribunals
deal with employment and conditions of service issues, such as unfair
dismissal
usually three members who sit on a Tribunal (often not legally
qualified)
Sources of law
Defence:
contributory negligence
volenti non fit injuira (risk was willingly accepted)
vicarious liability (where the defendant is an employee who was acting
in the course of his employment during the alleged incident, the
defence of the action is transferred to his employer)
Tests to be satisfied:
That a duty of care was owed
That there was a breach of that duty
That the breach led directly to the harm
DUTIES OF CARE:
provide a safe place of work, including access and egress
provide safe plant and equipment
provide a safe system of work
provide safe and competent fellow employees
provide adequate levels of supervision, information, instruction and
training.
LEVELS OF DUTY:
Absolute duty
occurs when the risk of injury is so high that injury is inevitable unless
safety precautions are taken
must and shall
it may still be defended using, for example, the argument that all
reasonable precautions and all due diligence were taken (only The
Electricity at Work Regs and The Control of Substances Hazardous to
Health Regs)
Practicable
Employer must ensure, so far as is practicable, that any control
measure is maintained in an efficient state (if the duty is technically
possible or feasible then it must be done irrespective of any difficulty,
inconvenience or cost)
Reasonably practicable
if the risk of injury is very small compared to the cost, time and effort
required to reduce the risk , then no action is necessary
It is important to note that money, time and trouble must grossly
outweigh not balance the risk
Regulations
Enabling Act (allows the Secretary of State to make further laws
(known as regulations) without the need to pass another Act of
Parliament)
It is a criminal offence to breach a regulation and any breaches may
result in enforcement action
aim to help employers to set goals, but leave them free to decide how
to control hazards and risks which they identify
ACOP
produced for most sets of regulations by the HSC
attempts to give more details on the requirements of the regulations
quasi-legal (Highway Code to the Road Traffic Acts)
Guidance
no formal legal standing
legal and best practice
issued by the HSC and/or the HSE to cover the technical aspects of
health and safety regulations
PART 1 HSWA
Enforcement notices
Improvement notice
identifies a specific breach of the law and
specifies a date by which the situation is to be remedied
An appeal must be made to the Employment Tribunal within 21 days.
The notice is then suspended until the appeal is either heard or
withdrawn
Prohibition notice
used to halt an activity which the inspector feels could lead to a
serious personal injury
identify which legal requirement is being or is likely to be contravened
takes effect as soon as it is issued
an appeal may be made to the Employment Tribunal but, in this case,
the notice remains in place during the appeal process
There are two forms of prohibition notice:
an immediate prohibition notice this stops the work activity
immediately until the specified risk is reduced
a deferred prohibition notice this stops the work activity within a
specified time limit.
Prosecution
Employees duties
use any equipment or substance in accordance with any training or
instruction given by the employer
report to the employer any serious or imminent danger
report any shortcomings in the employers protective health and safety
arrangements.
Where there is no safety rep or safety rep does not represent whole
workplace the above apply.
Employer must consult the workforce.
Functions of RES:
Represent the interest of workers on H&S matters to the employer
Approach the employer regarding potential hazards and dangerous
occurrences at the workplace
Approach the employer regarding general matters affecting the H&S of
the people they represent
To speak for the people they represent in consultation with inspectors.
1. Identify Hazards
2. Identify Persons Exposed (particular attention to high risk groups
young persons, pregnant workers, disabled)
3. Evaluate Risks (Consider likelihood and severity) & Controls
4. Record the findings
5. Review and Revise
During most risk assessment it will be noted that some of the risks posed
by the hazard have already been addressed or controlled. The purpose of
the risk assessment, therefore, is to reduce the remaining risk. This is
called the residual risk.
Hierarchy of Control:
Elimination by design
Substitution with less hazardous substance
Automation of process
Engineering controls (ie: LEV)
Signage/warning/admin controls
Reducing exposure by process change
Isolation / Segregation
Safe systems of work
Training
Information
Safety Signs
Welfare
Monitoring/Health surveillance
Supervision
PPE
The system of work describes the safe method of performing the job
activity.
It is a defined method of doing a job in safe way. It takes account of all
foreseeable hazards to H&S and seeks to eliminate or minimize these.
formal and documented
May be verbal
Essential features:
Sequence of operations
Equipment, plant
Chemicals and other substances
People doing the work
Foreseeable hazards
Practical precautions
Training needs
Monitoring systems
PERMITS TO WORK
Stages are:
1. Select the job/task to be reviewed
2. Record Identify and record the sequence of steps and/or
components in the process
3. Examine each component part of the job to identify the hazards/risks
4. Develop control measures
5. Install SSW/Control measures
6. Maintain. Carry out regular reviews.
Statement of intent
aims (which are not measurable)
objectives (which are measurable) may be reviewed
fairly brief and broken down into a series of smaller statements or
bullet points
be signed and dated by the most senior person in the organization
should be written by the organization and not by external consultants
the position of the senior person in the organization or company who is
responsible for health and safety (normally the chief executive)
the names of the Health and Safety Adviser and any safety
representatives
Arrangements Section:
employee health and safety code of practice
accident and illness reporting and investigation procedures
emergency procedures, first aid
procedures for undertaking risk assessments
Inspection checklist:
Premises (work at height, access, welfare, fire precautions)
Plant & substance (work equipment, vehicles, hazardous substances)
Procedures (RAs, safe systems of work, permits to work, notices, signs)
People (training, health surveillance, violence)
5. Review and Audit Ensures policy is being carried out and is having
the desired effect.
HAZARD PREVENTION
1. Eliminate the hazard
2. Substitution
3. Use of barriers (Isolation/segregation)
4. Procedures (SSW/Dilution)
5. Warning systems (Instruction/Training/Signs/Markings)
6. PPE
WORKPLACE ISSUES
Ventilation: /5-8l/s/person for mechanical systems/Free of
impurity/Effective/sufficient
Temperature: 16-30oC (13oC for physical work) ACOP
Lightning: normal + emergency
Windows: Glass below shoulder height safety glass
Workstations and seating
Violence
Substance misuse (alcohol & drugs)
Cleanliness:
Working Space: 11m3
Seating: Ergonomic and adjustable
Slips/Trips/Falls:
Collisions with moving vehicles
Being struck by moving/falling/ying objects
Striking against stationery projects
Traffic Routes:
Welfare Facilities:
Toilets Privacy/Ventilation/lighting/cleanliness/location/quantity
Washing facilities
Drinking water
Accommodation for clothing
Rest Facilities
Eating facilities
WORK EQUIPMENT
TYPES OF GUARDS
Fixed
Interlocked
Control
Automatic
Distance guard
Adjustable
Self adjusting
Trip devices
Two handed devices
ACCIDENTS
Task factors:
Workplace conditions and precautions or controls
Accident Investigation:
In a minimal level investigation, the relevant supervisor will look into
the circumstances of the accident/ incident and try to learn any lessons
which will prevent future incidents
A low level investigation will involve a short investigation by the
relevant supervisor or line manager into the circumstances and
immediate underlying and root causes of the accident/incident, to try
to prevent a recurrence and to learn any general lessons
A medium level investigation will involve a more detailed
investigation by the relevant supervisor or line manager, the health
Phases:
Direct observation
Documents
Interviews
Investigation form:
date and location of accident
circumstances of accident
immediate cause of accident
underlying cause of accident
immediate action taken
recommendation for further improvement
report circulation list
date of investigation
signature of investigation team leader
names of investigating team
Follow-up
were the recommendations implemented?
were the recommendations effective?
Reporting:
Death or major injury - Immediate without delay in quickest possible
way via phone
Over 3-day lost time injury - 10 days to report it (F2508)
Dangerous occurrence - Immediate without delay in quickest possible
way via phone (2508DO)
Reportable work-related disease (F2508A)
Frequency rate:
(Number of injuries in the period/total hrs worked during the period) x
1,000,000
Reportable diseases:
Certain poisonings
Some skin diseases (occupational dermatitis/skin cancer)
Lung disease (occupational asthma/farmers lung)
Infections (Leptospirosis/hepatitis/legionellosis/tetanus)
Other (occupational cancer/some musculoskeletal disorders/hand-arm
vibration syndrome)
No minimum height
3 steps hierarchy:
Work is not carried out at height when not necessary
Employer shall take sufficient measures to prevent people falling
Employer shall take sufficient measures to minimize distance and
consequences of fall
Access equipment:
Ladders
(Aluminium, timber, glass fibre)
Use to be justify
Location to be checked
Stable in use
Should be tied
Ladder stiles to be wedged against wall
Weather conditions to be suitable
Proximity of live electricity
1m of ladder above stepping point
Over-reaching eliminated
Storage of paints, tools, etc
Match to work trained
Inspection transportation & storage
Plank to tied during non-working hrs
Unsuitable base
Unsafe/incorrect use
Overloading
Use if there is safer method
Overhang of boards
Fixed scaffold
Group of conditions which can affect the neck, shoulders, arms, elbows,
wrists, hands and fingers caused by repetitive movements of finger, hands
or arms which involve pushing, pulling, reaching, twisting, lifting,
squeezing, hammering. Its chronic and may lead to permanent damage.
RSIs:
Tenosynovitis affecting the tendons
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome affecting the tendons which pass through
the carpal bone in the hand
Frozen shoulder
RA
Workstation compliance with min specs
Plan of the work programme (breaks)
training
Usage in excess of 1 hour continuously each day
Ill-health hazards:
Musculoskeletal problems
Tenosynovitis affecting the wrist
Pain in the thighs/calves/ankles
Pain in the back/neck
Visual problems
Visual fatigue
Eye strain
Sore eyes
headaches
Psychological problems
Stress-related problems
Heat
Humidity
Poor lightning
High-speed working
Lack of breaks
Lack of training
Radiation low risk
Epilepsy low risk
Hazards:
Lifting too heavy loads
Poor posture during lifting
Poor lifting technique
Dropping a load foot injury
Lifting sharp-edged or hot loads hand injuries
Injuries:
Muscular sprains & strains (when tissue strains beyond its capability)
Back injuries
Trapped nerve
Hernia (rupture of the body cavity wall in lower abdomen, causing a
protrusion of part of intestine)
Cuts/bruising/abrasion
Fractures
WRLUDs
Rheumatism (chronic pain in the joints)
Measures:
Avoid
RA
Reduce
Working environment
Space constrains
Slippery/uneven oor
Variations in level oors
Extremes of temperatures
Ventilation/wind
Poor lightning
Individual
Does task require special characteristics (strength/height)
Pregnant/with health problem
Reducing risk:
Mechanical aids
Task- changing layout/removing obstacles/clothing/better lifting
technique
Loadlighter/easier to grasp/ smaller/Handholds/sling/stable
Working Environment-space constraints removed/reduced/oors
cleaned/ventilation
Capability medical records/health/period sick leave/change of job/PPE
Aids:
Simple tools
Lifting hooks
Trolleys
Trucks:
Platform trucks
WORK EQUIPMENT
Controls:
Start controls
Stop controls (should bring m/c to safe condition in a safe manner)
Emergency Stop (where other safe guards in place are not sufficient to
prevent danger to operatives any others)
Isolation of equipment (means of isolating it from all sources of energy)
Stability (normally by bolting m/c in place or using clamps)
Markings (visible & durable)
Mechanical Hazards:
Crushing (being trapped between a moving part of m/c and a fixed
structure)
Shearing (traps part of the body between moving and fixed part of
the m/c)
Cutting /severing (through contact with a cutting edge) band saw
Entanglement (with m/c that grips loose clothing/hair/working
material around revolving exposed parts)
Drawing-in/trapping (between in-running gear wheels or rollers/
belts and pulley drives)
Impact (when a moving part directly strikes a person) robot
Control measures:
Fixed guards attached to the machine to prevent access to the
dangerous parts of the machine.
Robust construction
Sufficient to withstand the stresses of the process and environmental
conditions
Simple
In position
Difficult to remove
Almost maintenance free
Do not always properly prevent access
Often left off by maintenance staff (not anymore!)
If opened only with a tool
*Distance guard
Does not completely enclose the hazard
Reduces access by virtue of its dimensions and distance from the hazard
Interlocking guard
Allow safe access to operate & maintain the m/c without dismantling
safety devices.
Constant need to ensure that they are operating correctly
Maintenance & operation instruction strict (passenger lift)
Trip devices
Do not physically keep people away but detects when a person
approaches close to a danger.
ELECTRICITY
V = I x R (volts)
P=V x I (watts)
If electrocuted by high voltage - call police / electric supplier & keep 18m
distance
Secondary hazards:
Working with not maintained electrical equipment
Using el equipment in adverse or hazardous environments
Working on mains electricity supplies
Contact with underground cables during excavation work
Contact with live overhead power lines
Control measures:
Permit to work
Selection of suitable equipment
Use of protective systems
Inspection and maintenance strategies
Protective systems:
Maintenance:
Cleanliness of insulator and conductor surfaces
Mech and electr integrity of all joints and connections
Integrity of mechanical mechanism, such as switches and relays
Calibration, condition and operation of all protection equipment (RCDs,
circuit breakers)
Isolators fitted with lockable mechanism allow fuse withdrawal
wherever isolators are not fitted.
Working on more than 110V not permitted unless necessary
System of visual inspection
Inspected & tested regularly
Disadvantages:
Too often- cost
Unauthorised equipment (kettles) never checked
Do not know the meaning of test results
No competence of the tester equipment not calibrated properly
Fire precautions:
Reduction of fire risks and fire spread
Means of escape
Keeping them available to use
Fire-fighting
Fire detection and warning
Action to be taken in event of a fire
Instruction & training
+ process related fire precautions
Fire Triangle
Fuel: Solids/liquids/gases
Ignition source: naked ames/external sparks/internal sparking/hot
surfaces/static electricity
Oxygen: air (enhanced by wind/ventilation)
Convection hot air becomes less dense & rises, drawing in cold new air
to fuel the fire with more oxygen. Heat is transmitted upwards at sufficient
intensity to ignite combustible materials in the path of the very hot
products of combustion & ames.
Fire RA:
Identify fire hazards
Id combustibles
Id source of heat
Id unsafe act
Id unsafe conditions
Id persons at risk
Evaluate & reduce the risk
Monitor & review
SAFETY COLOURS:
Red:
Prohibition concerning dangerous behaviour (round with black
pictogram 35% red)
Danger alarm concerning stop/shutdown/emergency cut-out
devices/evacuate (e-stop)
Fire fighting equipment (rectangular or square 50% red)
Yellow (Amber):
Warning sign concerning the need to be careful/take
precautions/examine (triangular 50% yellow) explosives
Blue:
Mandatory sign requiring specific behaviour or action (round-white
pictogram on blue 50%)
Green:
Emergency escape signs and first-aid signs (rectangular or square-
white pictogram 50%)
CHEMICALS
Dusts solid particles slightly heavier than air but suspended in it for a
period of time.
Created by chemical/mechanical processes.
Respirable dust fine dust penetrating into the lungs or
bloodstream.
Inhalable dusts any dust that can enter the nose and mouth
during breathing
Gases substances present at a temperature above their boiling point
(carbon monoxide)
Hazardous substances:
Effects:
Acute effects are of short duration and appear rapidly, usually after
single or short-term exposure; asthma attack/sneeze/CO2
Chronic develop over a period of time which may extend to years. From
prolonged or repeated exposures; Asbestosis/mental disease;
Routes of entry:
Respiratory system
Lungs and associated organs;
Fibrosis respirable dust punctures alveoli walls. The puncture heals
producing scar tissues which are less exible than original walls. That may
lead to...
Acute - Bronchitis/Asthma
Chronic fibrosis / asthma hardwood dust
Asphyxiation lack of oxygen (MIG in confined SPACES)
Nervous System
Brain, spinal cord, nerves throughout the body;
Neurotoxins (organic solvents & heavy metals-mercury) can reduce
effectiveness of nervous system and lead to changes in mental ability
(loss of memory), epilepsy and narcosis (loss of consciousness).
Cardiovascular System
Blood System (heart) oxygen transport/attack foreign organisms/aid
healing of damaged tissue
Substances:
Benzene (reduce number of blood cells)
Carbon monoxide (prevents red cells from absorbing sufficient oxygen)
headaches/ unconsciousness/death
Urinary system
Extracts waste and other products from blood. Liver (remove toxins from
blood/maintains levels of blood sugars) & Kidney (filter waste products
from blood as urine/regulate blood pressure / produce hormones for
making red blood cells).
Substances can cause liver to be too active or inactive (xylene) / lead to
liver enlargement (cirrhosis caused by alcohol) / liver cancer (vinyl
chloride).
Kidney heavy metals (cadmium/lead)/ organic solvents can restricts
operation leading to failure.
Skin
Holds body together / defence against infection / regulates body temp
/sensing mechanism
Dermatitis (reportable) blisters caused by various chemicals
2. Passive Sampling
Measures over a full working period by worker wearing a badge with
absorbing material.
6. Hygrometers
For measuring air humidity
Qualitative monitoring:
Smoke tubes (generate white smoke shows air ow)
Dust observation lamp
Good Practice:
Design & operated processes to minimize the emission, release &
spread of substances
Routes of exposure
Control exposure
Chose control options
PPE
Check and review
Inform & train
Ensure that all above doesnt increase the risk
Hierarchy:
Eliminate
Substitute
Provision of eng controls
Provision on supervisory controls
Provision of PPE
Chemical safety regime that restricts high risk substances and require
safer substitutes. (glues, paints, detergents, plastics)
Engineering Controls:
Controls:
Reduce time exposure
Reduce number of workers
Health risks:
Asbestosis or fibrosis of the lungs
Lung cancer
Mesothelioma (cancer of the lining of the lung)
Control limit
Training
Hierarchy of controls
Survey:
Presumptive survey location and assessment survey; locates as far as
reasonably practicable;
Sampling Survey similar to above but samples are sent for analysis
Full access and sampling survey invasive; could involve destruction
of material; prior to demolition;
Identification
Assessment
Removal
Control measures
Medical surveillance
Other agents:
Cancer
Occupational asthma
Ammonia (eye) can burn the skin/bronchitis/excess uid of lungs
(oedema)
Chlorine bronchitis/oedema
Carbon dioxide heavier than air/ respiratory
system/death/asphyxiation
Carbon monoxide impossible to detect without equipment; enters the
blood and restricts supply of oxygen to vital organs;
headaches/breathlessness
Silica (component of rocks) inhalation of silica dust respirable dust;
silicosis / tuberculosis; masonry-work/quarry/sand blasting/ tunnelling/
Cement dust & wed cement burns/ulcers/dermatitis
Wood dust hard wood dust nasal cancer; mdfs-laminated
board/particle board/ wood-based board/ - formaldehyde
Leptospirosis and Weils disease in rats urine; humans kidneys and
liver are attack; can be fatal; skin or ingestion; Weils also in cattle;
Legionella-airborne bacterium; in water sources lung disease;
Assess noise levels & keep records (make sure legal limits are not
exceeded)
Reduce the risk
Information & training
Provide PPE
Health surveillance
Noise data for manufactured equipment
Sound pressure wave passes into and through the outer ear and strikes
the eardrum causing it to vibrate. This causes the proportional movement
of 3 interconnected small bones in the middle ear passing the sound to
the cochlea in the inner ear. There sound is transmitted to a uid causing
it to vibrate. Motion of the uid induces a membrane to vibrate which
causes hair cells (attached to membrane) to bend. This causes a minute
electrical impulse to be transmitted to the brain along auditory nerve.
Acute Effects:
Temporary threshold shift short excessive noise; slight deafness;
reversible;
Tinnitus ringing in the ears caused by intense & sustained high
noise level; up to 24hrs;
Acute acoustic trauma vary loud noise;
Chronic effects:
Noise-induced hearing loss from permanent damage to the hair
cells; ability is not lost completely, affects hearing of the speech;
Permanent threshold shift from prolonged exposure to the loud
noise; 4000Hz; difficulty in hearing some female voices;
Tinnitus same but permanent;
Scales:
A sound pressure levels (SPLs) up to 55dB
B- 55-85dB
C- above 85dB
Noise Assessment:
Details of noise meter used- date of calibration
Number of employees using the machine
Indications of the condition of the m/c & maintenance schedule
Work being done on m/c at the time
Schematic plan of workplace
Other noise sources
Recommendations
Inform/instruct/train
PPE
Caused by vibration from machinery passing into the body either through
the feet of standing workers or the buttocks of sitting workers.
Factors:
Size of the dose (the more the worse)
Area/extent of the exposure to the body
Duration of the exposure
Acute exposure:
Blood cell changes nausea
Vomiting
Skin burns
Blistering
Collapse
Death
Chronic exposure:
Anaemia
Leukaemia
Other forms of cancer
Effect on human reproductive organs and processes
Stillbirths
Sources:
Nuclear industry
Medical centres
Educational centres
Non-destructive testing (crack detection in welds)
X-rays scanning
Smoke detectors
Naturally (radon radioactive gas near granite)
Hazards:
Stochastic (cancer)
Non-stochastic (radiation burns/radiation sickness/cataracts/damage to
unborn children)
Protection:
Shielding
Time
Distance
Emergency arrangements
Training
Prohibition of eating etc
Personal cleanliness
PPE
Spillages procedure
Signs & info
Surveillance
Ultraviolet radiation occurs with sunlight and with electric arc welding
Burning (skin & eyes)
Skin cancer (if burnt many times) malignat melanoma
Arc eye/welder eye
Snow blindness
Cataracts
Lasers- visible light & light from invisible spectrum (infrared & ultraviolet)
Bar code reading/cutting and welding metals/ accurate measurement of
distances/surgery cataract treatment/ sealing of blood vessels
Hazards: eye & skin burns (erythema)/toxic fumes/electricity/fire/retinal
damage
Protection:
Ultraviolet & infrared:
Goggles
Visors
Gloves
Collar
Lasers:
Shielding
Non-reective surfaces
Microwaves:
Enclosure
Interlocking device
Welding:
Manual metal arc welding
MIG
TIG
Oxy-acetylene welding
Hazards:
STRESS
Natural reaction to excessive pressure, not a disease.
Stressors:
Job/individual responsibility/working conditions/management
attitudes/relationships
Demolition:
Piecemeal using hand and mechanical tools (pneumatic drills,
demolition balls)
Deliberate controlled collapse - explosives are used
Prevention of drowning
Vehicles (traffic routes/signs/signals/speed limits/PPE/FLT & dumper trucks
slopes etc)
Fire & emergencies procedures/equipment
Welfare rest/washing/drinking water/sanitary/first aid/accommodation for
cloths/eating
Electricity hazards & control measures/equipment
Noise silencers fitted/ noise survey/demolition-pneumatic drills etc.
Health Hazards
vibration/dust/cement/solvents/paints/cleaners(COSHH)/PPE/man
handling/silica/cement dust/wet cement/wood dust/tetanus
Waste disposal -
Site security equipment protected/perimeter fencing/lockable
gate/protect public /children/warning signs/hazardous substances
(cement)
Environmental excessive dust/noise/mud on public highway
Arrangements with client/ocuppierprotection of
public/visitors/employees/safe passage/information for neighbours
Notifiable project (F10) over 30 days or more than 500 man days
Demolition work written plan required
Non-notifiable projects only coordination & cooperation / brief
summary plan/written plan for demolition (coordinator & principal
contractor not required)
Principal Contractor
Key duty holder
Liaise with all other duty holders & workforce
Consult wit workforce
Cooperate with designer & CDM Coordinator
Ensure that clients aware of his duties
Must ensure that client is aware of his duties
Ensure that HSE notified
Make sure they are competent
Workers:
Give feedback to employers
Provide input on RAs
Work to the MS
Use welfare facilities with respect
Keep PPE & tools in good condition
Be vigilant for hazards and risks and keep management informed
Be aware of the arrangements and actions to take if in dangerous
situation
H&S File
CDM Coordinator must prepare/review/keep updated
CDM Coordinator must give it to the client at the end of the project
Clients/Designers/PC/Contractors must supply info necessary to put it
together
Clients must keep the file to assist with further construction work
Everyone providing info must make sure is accurate and provided asap
Risk Assessment:
General conditions (content of space/residues
left/contamination/oxygen deficiency and enrichment/physical
dimensions)
Hazards arising directly from the work being undertaken (use of
cleaning chemicals/sources of ignition for ammable
dusts/gases/vapours etc.)
Need to isolate confined space from outside services or substances
inside (liquids/gases/energy sources/raw materials)
Requirement for emergency rescue (people & equipment)
Training: IITS
Instruction Information Training Supervision