INGRESOS

1 RMA/MIG325/2016
 Ingresos

Reservas
Reservas
Recursos
Proceso
Explotacin
Separacin y Concentracin
Mercados

2
 Proceso de Evaluacin de Reservas

Reservas de
Mineral

Ley de Corte Tamao de

Mina

Costo de
Operacin

3
 Relacin General entre Resultados de
Exploracin, Recursos y Reservas Minerales

Resultados de Exploracin
Recursos Minerales Reservas de Mineral

Inferidos
Indicados Probables
Nivel en
aumento de
conocimientos
geolgicos y
confianza
Medidos Probados

Consideracin de factores de minera, metalrgicos, econmicos,

de mercadeo, legales ambientales, sociales y gubernamentales
4 Los factores modificadores
 Mineral Resource & Mineral Reserve Development
Exploration
Results Conceptual
Studies
No Data collection & validation,
interpretation, modelling &
EXPLORATION definable estimation
Order of
resource Magnitude
Inferred Mineral Study
Resource

Main drilling phase. Data

collection & validation,
Discard interpretation, modelling &
Project estimation
Pre-Feasibility
EVALUATION Study

Indicated Mineral
Resource

Additional resource drilling,

geotechnical, condemnation
Feasibility
Economic,
mining,
etc. as necessary Study
metallurgical,
marketing, legal,
environmental &
ORE RESERVES social factors Measured Mineral
Resource

Reporting Mineral Resources & Reserves

5
 Reserva Probada de Mineral

Una es la parte econmicamente explotable de un Recurso

Mineral Medido. Incluye materiales que se diluyen y prdidas
que pueden ocurrir cuando se extrae el material y que se han
llevado a cabo clculos apropiados que pueden incluir
estudios de factibilidad y toman en cuenta factores mineros,
metalrgicos, econmicos, de mercado, legales, ambientales,
sociales y gubernamentales.
En el momento de la presentacin del informe estos clculos
demuestran que la extraccin podra justificarse
razonablemente.

6
 Reserva Probable de Mineral
Es la parte explotable de un Recurso Mineral Indicado, y en
algunas circunstancias de un Recurso Mineral Medido.
Incluye materiales que se diluyen y tolerancias de prdidas
que pueden ocurrir cuando se extrae el material, y que se han
llevado a cabo clculos apropiados que pueden incluir
estudios de factibilidad y toman en cuenta factores mineros,
metalrgicos, econmicos, de mercado, legales, ambientales,
sociales y gubernamentales.
En el momento de la presentacin del informe estos clculos
demuestran que la extraccin podra justificarse
razonablemente.

7
 Recurso Mineral

Es una concentracin u ocurrencia de inters econmico

intrnseco dentro o fuera de la corteza terrestre en forma y
cantidad tal como para demostrar que hay perspectivas
razonables para una eventual extraccin econmica. La
ubicacin, cantidad, contenido metlico, caractersticas
geolgicas y continuidad de un recurso mineral se conocen,
estiman o interpretan desde una evidencia y conocimiento
geolgicos especficos. Los Recursos Minerales se subdividen,
segn confianza geolgica ascendente, en categoras de
Inferidos, Indicados y Medidos.

8
 Un Recurso Mineral Inferido
Es aquella parte de un yacimiento mineral para la cual se puede estimar el
tonelaje y contenido metlico con un bajo nivel de confianza.
Se le infiere por la evidencia geolgica y se le asume, pero no se verifica la
continuidad geolgica y/o el contenido metlico.
Se basa en informacin reunida por medio de tcnicas apropiadas de
afloramientos, zanjas, cateos, calicatas, taladros de perforacin que
pueden ser limitados o de incierta calidad y confiabilidad.

9
 Un Recurso Mineral Indicado
es aquella parte de un yacimiento mineral para la cual se
puede estimar el tonelaje, peso especifico del mineral, la
forma, las caractersticas fsicas y el contenido metlico con
un razonable nivel de confianza.
Se basa en informacin reunida por medio de tcnicas
apropiadas de lugares tales como afloramientos, zanjas,
calicatas, trincheras, pozos y taladros de perforacin. Los
lugares de muestreo y estudio se encuentran muy
distanciados el uno del otro o distanciados de manera
inapropiada como para confirmar la continuidad geolgica
y/o del contenido metlico, pero se encuentran lo
suficientemente prximos el uno del otro como para asumir
dicha continuidad.

10
 Recurso Mineral Medido
Es aquella parte de un yacimiento mineral para la cual se
puede estimar el tonelaje, el peso especfico del mineral, la
forma, las caractersticas fsicas, y el contenido metlico con
un alto nivel de confianza.
Se basa en una informacin detallada y confiable de la
exploracin, del muestreo y evidencias reunidas por medio de
tcnicas apropiadas en lugares tales como afloramientos,
zanjas, calicatas, trincheras, pozos y taladros de perforacin.
Los lugares de muestreo y estudio se encuentran lo
suficientemente prximos el uno del otro como para
confirmar una continuidad geolgica y/o del contenido
metlico.

11
 Basic Principles of Ore Reserve Calculation

All methods for the calculation of ore reserves make use

of two basic principles:

1) Samples taken close to each other are likely to have

the same value.

2) Average grades are calculated using some form of a

weighted average:
x
wi i
x

i
=
w

12
 Average Grade by Arithmetic Average

Sample Assay,
Interval oz. Au/ton
A-B 1.09
B-C 0.50
C-D 0.13

A i
Average grade =
n
1.09 + 0.50 + 0.13
=
3
= 0.57 oz.Au/ton
Channel sampling Is this correct?
ECON_UNI_2017///R 13
MA
 Average Grade by Weighted Average

Sample Length, Assay,

Interval ft oz. Au/ton
A-B 0.6 1.09
B-C 1.6 0.50
C-D 1.3 0.13

A i L i
Average grade =
Li
(1.09 * 0.6) + (0.50 *1.6) + (0.13 *1.3)
=
0.6 + 1.6 + 1.3
= 0.46 oz.Au/ton

ECON_UNI_2017///R 14
MA
ECON_UNI_2017///R 15
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Triangulation

ECON_UNI_2017///R 16
MA
Inverse Distance
Squared Method

0.644 0.023 1.365 0.258 0.165 0.409

+ + + + +
( 260) 2 (158) 2 (212) 2 (158) 2 (292) 2 (212) 2
g= = 0.41%
1 1 1 1 1 1
2
+ 2
+ 2
+ 2
+ 2
+
( 260) (158) (212) (158) (292) (212) 2
ECON_UNI_2017///R 17
MA
Block Modeling

Inverse Distance

Kriging

ECON_UNI_2017///R
MineSite Demo CD 18
MA
 Ore Reserve Estimation

The key concept is extraction leading to Stockholder Value or

Wealth, usually this means profit. For engineers, profits
can normally be expressed as a function of:

Profit = Net Recoverable Value (NRV)

There are instances where Profit does not correlate to

Stockholder Value or Company Wealth

Net Recoverable Value can be simplistically described by:

NRV = Gross Recoverable Value Direct Production Costs

ECON_UNI_2017///R 19
MA
 Cut-off Grade Determination

Definition of cut-off grade

Any grade for any specified reason is used to separate any two courses of
action (Taylor, 1972):
Ship direct versus process
Ship versus stockpile
Send to product stockpile versus send to waste stockpile
Mine versus not mine

ECON_UNI_2017///R 20
MA
 Characteristics of Cut-off Grade

ade is dynamic and a function of a large number of variables:

cost, price, recovery, dilution, smelter charges, etc.

Sensitivity of cut-off grade to changes in each of the variables is usually

unequal, non-linear and time dependent.

The definition of the acceptable return varies from company to company,

i.e. inclusion or not of overhead.

Cut-off grade can vary within a mine boundary.

Cut-off grade can be difficult to change once development has been

completed for a particular area of the mine.

Cut-off grade strategy is employed to maximize NPV / shareholder wealth

and / or to minimize cost

ECON_UNI_2017///R 21
MA
 Break-even Cut-off Grade

Definition of break-even cut-off grade Ore grade for which the revenue
generated is equal to the costs of mining and processing the ore.

BCG = (DPC / NRV) x CF where

DPC = Production Cost / Ton of Ore

= Mining Cost / Ton of Ore + Milling Cost / Ton of Ore + G & A Cost / Ton of Ore
NRV = Recoverable Value / Unit Weight =
(Price Smelting & Refining Charges) x Mill Recovery x Smelter Recovery
CF = Conversion Factor for Weights and Measures

ECON_UNI_2017///R 22
MA
 Internal Cut-off Grade

Definition of internal cut-off grade: Minimum grade at which mine loses less
money by processing the block versus putting it on the waste dump.

Assuming costs associated with mining is sunk, mining cost = zero.

ICG = (DPC Mining Cost / Ton of Ore) / (NRV x CF)
= (Milling Cost / Ton of Ore + G & A Cost / Ton of Ore) / NRV x CF)

G & A costs may be excluded from the internal cut-off grade calculations if
the production rate of the processing plant is not fixed, such as for a leach pad.

ECON_UNI_2017///R 23
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 Process Cut-off Grade

Definition of process cut-off grade:

Lowest grade material that will economically off-set and therefore
equal the direct cost of processing.

ECON_UNI_2017///R 24
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 Ore Reserve Calculation Cycle

Determine
Operating
Costs

Calculate Select
Cut-off Mining
Grade Rate

Compute
Ore
Reserve

ECON_UNI_2017///R 25
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 Effect of Cut-off Grades on Mining Limits

ECON_UNI_2017///R 26
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 Dilution
Definition of dilution: Mixing non-ore grade materials with ore-grade materials
during production leading to a decrease in mean grade.

Real but Unknown Estimated Ore Zone Actually Mined

Deposit Material

Missed Ore Regained Ore

Dilution More Missed Ore

More Dilution

ECON_UNI_2017///R 27
MA
 Example

Given:
Mill Recovery = 85%
Smelter Recovery = 90%
Cu Price = $ $2.80 / lb
SRF Cost = $ 0.115 / lb
Mining Cost = $ 10.25 / ton of ore
Milling Cost = $ 4.85 / ton of ore
G&A Costs = $ 1.50 / ton of ore
Assume short tons.

Find:
DPC
NRV
Without dilution, then with dilution of 15% barren material
BCG
ICG

ECON_UNI_2017///R 28
MA
 Example Calculations

Without Dilution -
DPC = Mining Cost / Ton of Ore + Milling Cost / Ton of Ore + G & A Cost / Ton of Ore
= $10.25 + $4.85 + $1.50 = $16.60 / Ton of Ore
NRV = (Price Smelting & Refining Charges) x Mill Recovery x Smelter Recovery
= ($2.80 / lb. - $0.115/lb.) x 0.85 x 0.90 = $2.05 / lb.
BCG = (DPC / NRV) x CF where CF = Conversion Factor for Weights and Measures
= $16.60 / Ton of Ore / ($2.05 / lb. x 2000 lb. / Ton) = 0.00405 = 0.41% Cu
ICG = (Milling Cost / Ton of Ore + G & A Cost / Ton of Ore) / NRV x CF
= ($4.85 + $1.50) / Ton of Ore / ($2.05 / lb. x 2000 lb. / Ton) = 0.0015 = 0.15% Cu

With 15% barren dilution

DPC = $16.60 x 1.15 = $19.09 / Ton of Ore
NRV = $2.05 / lb.
BCG = $19.09 / Ton of Ore / ($2.05 / lb. x 2000 lb. / Ton) = 0.0047 = 0.47% Cu
ICG = (($4.85 + $1.50) x 1.15) / Ton of Ore / ($2.05 / lb. x 2000 lb. / Ton) = 0.0018
= 0.18% Cu

ECON_UNI_2017///R 29
MA
 Grade Equivalence

Expression of equivalent value of all minerals found in a deposit

in terms of the concentration of the metal of greatest concentration
and / or value.

Values utilized must be defined as to gross revenue, net recoverable

value, net profit or other.

Grade equivalence is a dynamic value changing with metal prices,

costs and recoveries.

ECON_UNI_2017///R 30
MA
 Grade Equivalence - Example
Basis of equivalence Price of in situ value

Assay Metal
Metal
Value Price
Gold 0.20 ozt /
$1110 / ozt
ton of ore
Copper
1.7% $2.05 / lb

Silver 6 ozt /
$15.10 / ozt
ton of ore

Find a) Gold equivalence

b) Copper equivalence
c) Silver equivalence
ECON_UNI_2017///R 31
MA
 Grade Equivalence Example Calculations

Value per ton of ore =

Au 0.20 ozt / Ton x $1110 / ozt = $222.00
Cu 0.017 x $2.05 / lb. x 2000 lb. / Ton = 69.70
Ag 6.0 ozt / Ton x $15.10 / ozt = 90.60
Total = 382.30

a) Au grade equivalence = $382.30 / $1110 = 0.34 ozt / Ton

b) Cu grade equivalence = $382.30 / ($2.05 / lb. x 2000 lb.) = 9.3%
c) Ag grade equivalence = $382.3 / $15.10 = 25.32 ozt / Ton

ECON_UNI_2017///R 32
MA
Example of Reporting Using Grade Equivalence

Defiance Silver Corp. (DEF: TSX-V) (Defiance ) is pleased to

announce that an Inferred Resource Estimate has been completed
for the San Acacio deposit by Giroux Consultants Ltd. and Jim
Cuttle, B.Sc., P.Geo, updating its initial Indicated and Inferred
Mineral Resource (see News Release Dated October 25, 2012).
Defiance has updated its previous Indicated and Inferred Mineral
Resource to ensure its consistency with the current mining
environment and metals economics. The updated Resource
increased the Silver Equivalent Cut-off Grade by 54% resulting in
a new Silver Equivalent Grade of 192.50 g/t Ag. Total contained
Silver Equivalent ounces increased to 17,961,000.

Note: This resource is primarily silver with gold credits.

* Website for Defiance Silver

ECON_UNI_2017///R 33
MA
 Problema

1) An underground zinc mine is contemplating expanding into a satellite

orebody. The historical mining, milling and G & A costs should apply and
have historically been $10.50, $4.50 and $2.00 per short ton of ore
respectively. Concentrator recovery is 85%. Smelting and refinery
recovery is 90%. Smelting and refinery costs are $0.15 / lb. of zinc.
Also, historically a cut-off grade of 1.5% has been applied.
a) What is the zinc price per pound that will make this mining and
processing arrangement break-even?
b) If average dilution is 10% of barren material, what is the break-even
price?
c) What would be your recommendation for mining the satellite orebody
if the historical costs and dilution are applicable? Explain the logic for
your recommendation utilizing the zinc selling price trend through
January 31, 2016.

34
 Liberacin y Separacin

35
Proceso productivo Tratamiento

Como visin general, el tratamiento se compone de los siguientes procesos

(caso Yauli y Chungar):

Mineral
Mineral Molido
Mineral
Cabeza Chancado
Bulk
PB-CU PLOMO

COBRE

Cabeza
Zinc RELLENO

RELAVES
CANCHA

ZINC

NOTA: para el caso de Cerro de Pasco, no se recupera cobre (Cu)

36
 LOS COMPONENTES DE LOS INGRESOS

1. Produccin Vendible

a. Tonelaje a ser minado (toneladas de mina)

b. Grado de mineral (ley de mina)
c. Porcentaje de mineral valuable que ser recuperado y vendido

37
Mezcla de Minerales

Concentrado Zinc
Mineral Plan Mineral Explotado LOTE CZ01
TAJO XYZ Ley Zinc = 52 %
TAJO XYZ Mineral
Recup. Zinc = 80%
Ley Zinc = 6 % Cabeza Cont. Metlico = 4.500
Mtodo Expl. = OCF Ley Zinc = 6 %
Mezcla Humedad = 12%
Tipo Roca = III Ley Pb. = 1,80 %
Humedad = 10% Ley Zinc = 6,2 %
Peso Esp. = 3,8 Humedad = 9,7%
Peso Esp. = 3,77

TAJO 123
Ley Zinc = 7 %
TAJO 123 Ley Pb. = 1,75 %
Humedad = 9%
Ley Zinc = 7 %
Peso Esp. = 3,75
Mtodo Expl. = UCF
Tipo Roca = IV

38
Ejemplo 1

Un depsito tiene 47.000.000 TC de mineral de reserva con un promedio de 1.5% de

cobre, 3% de plomo, 4% de zinc.
Se estima que la produccin anual ser de 2.000.000 TC por ao.

La mina ser explotada los primeros 10 aos por tajo abierto. La recuperacin de
mineral ser de 100% y la dilucin sera cero.

Pasados los 10 aos se cambiara a explotacin subterrnea con una recuperacin de mina
de 67% y con una dilucin de 10%.
La recuperacin de planta ser 90% para cada metal.

Tres tipos de concentrados sern producidos:

concentrados de cobre con 25% de cobre; concentrados de plomo con 60% de plomo; y
concentrados de zinc con 75% de zinc.

Los concentrados de plomo son vendidos a precio F.O.B. a otra compaa-

Los concentrados de cobre y zinc son transportados a una fundicin y refinera que
pertenece a la compaa. La recuperacin metlica ser de 95%

39
 Solucin

Vida de la Mina Subterrnea

(47.000.000 TC- 10 aos x 2.000.000 TC/ao) x 0.67/2.000.000 TC x 0.90 = 10 aos

Contenido metlico en mineral de mina durante explotacin subterrnea

Cobre: 0.90 x1.5%= 1.35%

Plomo: 0.90 x 3.0% = 2.70%
Zinc: 0.90 x 4.0% = 3.6%

40
 Produccin Anual de Concentrados durante la explotacin a tajo abierto

Cu: 2.000.000 TC/ao x 1.5% x0.90 = X x 25%; X = 108.000 TC conc.

Pb: 2.000.000 TC/ao x 3.0% x 0.90 = X x 60%; X = 90.000 TC conc.
Zn: 2.000.000 TC/ao x 4.0% x 0.90 = X x 75% X = 96.000
Produccin de Refinados Durante la Explotacin por Tajo Abierto
Cu: 108.000 TC/ao x 25% x 0.95 = X X = 25.650
Zn: 96.000 TC/ao x 75% x 0.95= X X= 68.400

Produccin Anual de Concentrados durante la explotacin subterrnea

Cu: 2.000x 1.35%x0.90=Xx25%, X = 97.200 ton/ao

Pb: 2.000.000x 2.7%x0.90 = X x 60%, X = 81.000
Zn: 2.000.000 x 3..6% x 0.90= X x 75% X= 86.000

Produccin Anual de Concentrados durante la explotacin subterrnea

Cu: 2.000x 1.35%x0.90=Xx25%, X = 97.200 ton/ao
Pb: 2.000.000x 2.7%x0.90 = X x 60%, X = 81.000
Zn: 2.000.000 x 3..6% x 0.90= X x 75% X= 86.000
41
 Ejemplo 2
Una compaa minera produce concentrados de Pb y Zn. Los datos se dan a
continuacin
Mineral Mina t/mes Zn % Pb % Ag Oz/t
Subterranea 60000.00 10.00 3.50 4.50

Recuperacin
% Zn en Cc Zn 85.00%
% Pb en Cc Pb 75.00%
% Ag en Cc Zn 10.00%
% Ag en Cc Pb 40.00%

Grados de Cc
% Pb Cc Pb 52.00%
% Zn Cc Zn 55.00%

Valor Neto Pagable 0.50 $/lb 0.20 $/lb 4.00 $/Oz

Encontrar:
a) Cantidad de concentrados producidos y sus grados
b) El valor de 1 t de concentrado de Zn y Pb y el valor de mineral de caeza
42
 Una Cia mezcla minerales de dos minas y los procesa en una planta

Mineral TM/mes Ley Zn% Ley Pb % Ag gr/TM

Mina A 103,000 10% 3 120
Mina B 145000 5.5 3 71

Las recuperaciones y calidad de concentrados se de la siguiente Tabla

Recuperaciones Zn Pb Ag
Rec. Zn y Ag en Cc de Zn 80% 10%
Rec. Pb y Ag en Cc Pb 75% 60%
Grado Zn en Cc Zn 49%
Grado Pb rn Cc Pb 52%
Calcular:
a. Cantidad de Concentrados de Zn y Pb
b. Grado de Ag en Concentrados
c. Redio de conecntracion
d. Calcular el valor de minerla de cabeza si:
Valor de Cc Zn es $ 1,000.00/ t Cc Zn
Valor de Cc Pb es $ 2,000 .00/t Cc Pb
43
Se est evaluando la alternativa de ampliar la produccin de la planta concentradora.
Con los datos que se dan a continuacin calcule el margen de operaciones en cada caso.

Unidades Actual Ampliacin

Produccin TMD 2800.00 3500.00
Costos $/TM Mina 35.00 30.00
Ley de Cu % 4.00 3.00
Valor de Concentrado $ / TM Cc 600.00 600.00
Ley de Cu en Cc de Cu % 30.00 28.00
Recuperacin Metalrgica Cu % 90.00 88.00

44
 Ejemplo:
Dada la siguiente informacin:
Leyes Recuperacin
PRODUCTO TMS % Pb % Zn Oz Ag/t Pb Zn Ag
CABEZA 2000 1.50 4.50 4.50 100.00 100.00 100.00
CONC. Pb 46.00 6.60 80.00 2.25 65.00
CONC. Zn 1.00 55.00 8.75 90.00 25.00

Encontrar:
Concentrados de Pb y Zn producidos
El valor de mineral de cabeza
Los precios netos son: Zn = 2200 $/t fina; Pb = 2000 $/t fina y Ag = 15 $/Oz

45
 Contratos de Mineral

Mercado de Metales

Caractersticas:
Los metales son commodities, su precio se establece en mercados
Globales o mundiales basados en negociados entre compradores y
vendedores (demanda y oferta).

El ms importante es el mercado de metales:

London Metal Exchange (LME)-

Mercado de Metales de Nueva York (Comex).

46
 Typical Agreement with Smelter

Quality: Concentrate reasonably free of deleterious impurities and

having the following approximate analysis:
Cu 26%
Fe 30%
S 33%
Ag 2.4 oz / dry metric ton
Au 0.15 oz / dry metric ton

Quantity: Approximately 23,000 dry metric tons per quarter, plus

or minus 10% at sellers option

Delivery: CIF smelters port in Japan

Price: Copper: If final assay is less than 26% Cu, deduct 1.0 %;
if greater than 26% Cu deduct 1.1 % and pay for 98%
of the remainder at the LME Wirebar Settlement for the
quotational period

47
ECON_UNI_2017///RMA
 Typical Agreement with Smelter (Continued)

Silver: Deduct 0.8 oz, pay for 95% of remainder at the

London Spot / U.S. equivalent for the quotational period,
less $0.25 per oz
Gold: Deduct 0.03 oz, pay for 95% of remainder at
London Initial and Final gold quotations averaged for
the quotational period, less $5.00 per oz

Treatment $85 per dry metric ton, subject to cumulative annual

charge: escalation of 7% per year

Refining $0.08 per lb of assayed copper, subject to cumulative

charge: annual escalation of 7% per year

Price For every $0.01 per lb that settlement price for copper
participation: exceeds $1.00 per lb, refining charge increases by $0.001
per lb. This increase in refining charge shall be limited to
a total of $0.20 per lb.

48
ECON_UNI_2017///RMA
 Typical Agreement with Smelter (Continued)

Quotational Either month of arrival or following month of

period: arrival at port of final destination, at buyers option

Payment: 90% provisional payment 30 days after arrival,

balance upon receipt of final weights, assays and
quotations

Penalties: Arsenic: $1.00 / dry metric ton for every 0.1% over 0.5%
Bismuth: $1.50 / dry metric ton for every 0.1% over 0.1%
Antimony: $1.00 / dry metric ton for every 0.1% over 0.5%
Moisture: $0.50 / dry metric ton for every 1.0% over 8.0%
Fractions in proportion

Length: Two years beginning July 1, 2010

49
ECON_UNI_2017///RMA
 Example Utilizing Typical Agreement

Given:
Shipment of 25,000 metric tons to Japanese smelter from U.S. under
agreement
Concentrate grade: 27.8% Cu, 3.1 oz Ag / ton, 0.08 oz Au / ton,
all per wet metric ton
Concentrate moisture: 9.2% shipped, 5.0% received by customer
Impurity concentrations: 0.4% As, 0.2% Bi, 0.4% Sb
Transportation costs: Rail: mill to port - $37.20 / ton
Loading and stowing - $15.10 / ton
Ocean freight - $35.40 / ton
Transport insurance $4.00 / ton
Shipment received 23,750 tons
Prices for customer-selected quotational period:
Copper - $2.415 / lb
Silver - $13.51 / oz
Gold - $957.51 / oz

Find: Net smelter return (NSR) per ton of concentrate shipped

Total net revenue for shipment at the mill
50
ECON_UNI_2017///RMA
 25,000 T x 0.092 = 2,300 T H2O shipped
23,750 x 0.05 = 1,187.5 T H2O received
1,112.5 T H2O lost
(25,000 T - 1,112.5 T) - 23,750 T = 137.5 T concentrate lost
Dry metric tons = 0.95 x 23,750 =22,562.5 tons

Transportation Cost
Rail 25,000 T x $37.20 / T = $930,000
Loading & Stowing 25,000 T x $15.10 / T = 377,500
Ocean Freight 25,000 T x $35.40 / T = 885,000
Insurance - 25,000 T x $4.00 / T = 100,000
Total Transportation Cost = 2,292,500

Treatment Charges = 22,562.5 T x $85 / T = $1,917,812.50

51
Payable copper = 0.278 x 23,750 T x 2,204.623 lb / T = 14,556,023.36 lb
Refining Charge + Price Participation = $0.08 / lb + [(($2.415 / lb - $1.00 / lb) / $0.01) x
$0.001] = $0.2215 / lb
Refining Charges = $0.2215 / lb x 14,556,023.36 lb = $3,224,159.23

Total Charges = $7,434,471.73

Adjustment to dry metric ton

Copper (0.278 x 23,750 T) / 22,562.5 T = 0.29263
Silver (3.1 oz / T x 23,750 T) / 22,562.5 T = 3.26316 oz / T
Gold (0.08 oz / T x 23,750 T) / 22,562.5 T = 0.084211 oz / T
Arsenic (0.004 x 23,750 T) / 22,562.5 T = 0.0042105
Bismuth (0.002 x 23,750 T) / 22,562.5 T = 0.0021053
Antimony (0.004 x 23,750 T) / 22,562.5 T = 0.0042105

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 Gross Revenue
Copper (0.29263 - 0.011) x 0.98 x $2.415 / lb x 22,562.5 T x 2,204.623 lb / T =
$33,154,591.33
Silver (3.26316 oz / T - 0.8 oz / T) x 0.95 x ($13.51 / oz - $0.25 / oz) x 22,562.5
T= $700,078.87
Gold (0.084211 oz T - 0.03 oz / T) x 0.95 x ($957.51 / oz - $5.00 / oz) x
22,562.5 T =
$1,106,796.53
Total Gross Revenue = $34,961,466.73

Penalties
Bismuth ((0.21053 - 0.1) / 0.1) x $1.50 / T x 22,562.5 T = $37,407.50
Revenue less Penalties = 34,924,059.23
Less Charges = 7,434,471.73
Total Net Revenue at Mill = 27,489,587.50
Net Smelter Return / Ton Shipped = $27,489,587.50 / 25,000 T = $1,099.58

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 Valor de Unitario

Balance Metalrgico
Condiciones Comerciales
Precios de Metales
Utilidad
Valor Unitario
Valor por Bloque - Cubicacin
Planeamiento

54
 Problema

Calcular el Valor de 1 t de Concentrado de Pb y los valores punto de Pb y Ag.

El balance y condiciones comerciales se dan a continuacin:

Contenidos
Mineral de Cabeza RECUPERACIONES
Metlicos
Producto TMS % Pb % Zn Ag (Oz/t) Pb Ag Oz % Pb Ag
Cabeza 100.00 3.00 8.00 3.00 3.00 300.00 100% 100%
Conc. Pb 4.00 60.00 6.00 52.50 2.40 210.00 80% 70%
Conc. Zn 0% 0%
Relave

Concentrado de Plomo
Pb: Se paga el 90% del contenido metlico al Precios:
100% del precio de periodo de cotizacin.
Zn: 2 000 $/tonelada fina
Ag: Se paga el 90% de la plata metlico al
100% de precio de cotizacin. Pb: 1 800 $/tonelada fina
Maquila: 80 $/ TM de CC Pb Ag: 10 $/Oz fina
Cargas de Refinacin:
o Ag: 1,50 $/Oz
o Pb: 0
Penalidades
55
o Zn: 3 $ por cada 1% sobre 3%
 VALORIZACION Pb
Contenido 60.00 0.90 54.00
Precio Pb 1,800.00 1.00 1,800.00
Pago por Pb 972.00
Ag 52.50 0.90 47.25
Pago po Ag 10.00 1.00 472.50
Valor Bruto CC Pb 1,444.50
Penalidad Zn 6 3 9
Refinacion 47.25 1.50 70.875
Maquila 80.00
Valor Neto 1,284.63

Cont. Cc Valor de Cabeza 51.39

51.39
Valor 1 % Pb de Cabeza 11.77
Valor de 1 Oz de Cabeza 5.355

Valor de Cabeza Comprobacin 51.39

56
Solucion_practica2