INCOME TAXATION 6TH Edition (BY: VALENCIA & ROXAS) 4

SUGGESTED ANSWERS
Chapter 2: Tax Administration

CHAPTER 2
TAX ADMINISTRATION
Problem 2 1 TRUE OR FALSE
1. True
2. False not the BIR, but the Department of Finance
3. False the BIR is responsible to collect national taxes only.
4. False The review shall be made by the Court of Justice.
5. True
6. True
7. False The Secretary of Justice and the Courts also interprets the provisions of the Tax
Code.
8. False the fact that taxes are self-assessing the BIR assessment is necessary to ensure
the reliability of the ITR.
9. False the BIR or the Government is not allowed by law to appeal to the CTA. (Acting Collector
of customs vs. Court of Appeals, Oct. 31, 1957)
10. True
11. False Appeal to the SC shall be made within 15 days from the receipt of the decision of
the CTA.
12. False the CIR can conduct a jeopardy assessment when there are no accounting
records.
13. True
14. False the taxpayer needs to waive first his right on the secrecy of bank deposits before
BIR can inquire into his bank deposits.
15. True

Problem 2 2 TRUE OR FALSE

1. False there must be a Letter of Authority.
2. False the supporting documents must be submitted to the BIR within 60 days from the
date a protest is filed.
3. True
4. True
5. False destraint as a tax collection method is applicable only to personal property.
6. False criminal violations already filed in court are not subject to compromise.
7. True
8. False, collection must be within 5 years
9. True
10. False-redemption period is within 1 year from date of auction sale.
11. True
12. True

Problem 2 3 TRUE OR FALSE

1. False there is no need to pay additional registration fee for transfer of business
registration.
2. True
3. False the initial bond required for manufacturers and importers of articles subject to
excise tax is P100,000.
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Chapter 2: Tax Administration

4. False informers reward is subject to 10% final withholding tax.

5. True
6. True
7. True
8. True
9. False Seizure
10. False Forfeiture
11. False not allowed because the second cousin is within the 6 th degree of relative by
consanguinity.
12. False collection tax cases filed in courts are subject to compromise.
13. True

Problem 2 4 Problem 2 5 Problem 2 6

1. C 1. B 1. B
2. B 2. A 2. A
3. B 3. D 3. A
4. D 4. C 4. B
5. C 5. D 5. D
6. C 6. D 6. C
7. B 7. C 7. B
8. B 8. C 8. A
9. C 9. A 9. C
10. D 10. A 10. A
11. A 11. A
12. D 12. A

Problem 2 7

Case A: April 15, 2014 - The return, statement or declaration can be modified, changed
or amended from within three years from the date of filing as long as no tax investigation has
been served to the taxpayer. (Sec. 6(A), NIRC)

Case B: October 20, 2015 - If the tax deficiency is due to simple neglect, the
prescriptive period of tax assessment is within 3 years starting from the date of filing the return
(Sec. 203, NIRC), or its amendment.

Case C: April 15, 2025 - If the ITR is fraudulent or no tax return was filed, the tax may
be assessed, or a proceeding in court for the collection of such tax may be filed without
assessment at any time within ten (10) years after the discovery of the falsity, fraud or omission.
(Sec. 222 (a), NIRC)

Case D: April 15, 2022 - If the ITR is fraudulent or no tax return was filed, the tax may
be assessed, or a proceeding in court for the collection of such tax may be filed without
assessment at any time within ten (10) years after the discovery of the falsity, fraud or omission.
(Sec. 222 (a), NIRC)
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Chapter 2: Tax Administration

Case E: No need to appeal. The prescribed period of filing for the refund is already
expired. The filing of refund should have been made within two years after the payment of tax or
penalty. It was filed within 2 years, one month, and 5 days after the date of erroneous payment,
hence, not appealable anymore.

Case F: May 5, 2013. The filing of refund was appropriately made within the 2 year
prescribed period. The denial was received on April 5, 2013. The filing of appeal to CTA should
be made within 30 days from the receipt of denial from the BIR.

Case G: August 2, 2017. The date of grant for refund was received on August 1, 2012.
The refund check (dated July 15, 2012) should be encashed within 5 years from the date the
grant for refund was delivered (August 1, 2012). The check should be encashed from August 1,
2012 to August 1, 2017. It will be forfeited on August 2, 2017.

Case H: July 31, 2017. For tax credit, the five year prescriptive period should start from
the date of issuance. In this case, the date of issuance should be the date of tax credit certificate.
The expiry date would therefore start on July 31, 2017.

Case I: August 20, 2011. If the BIR has no response after the submission of supporting
documents to serve as evidence for the protest, the last day to appeal to the CTA should be made
within 30 days from the lapse of the 180 day period from the submission of the supporting
documents.
Computation of days:
After January 22, 2011 Days
January 9
February 28
March 31
April 30
May 31
June 30
July 21
Total number of days as of July 21 180
Plus 30 days after the 180 days
July 10
August 20
Total day on August 20 30

Case J: May 4, 2011. The last day to appeal to the CTA should be made within 30 days
from the receipt of the denial of the BIR. The 30 days is determined as follows:
Days
First denial of the BIR March 22, 2011
to 2nd request for reconsideration March 30, 2011 8
nd
2 denial of the BIR April 12, 2011
to May 4, 2011 to complete the 30 day period 22
Total days as of May 4, 2011 30
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Case K: June 25, 2011. The appeal to CTA should be made within 15 days from date of
unfavorable decision from CTA was received (June 10 plus 15 days).

Case L: July 10, 2011. The appeal to SC should be made within 15 days from date of
receipts of the unfavorable decision of CTA (June 25 plus 15 days).

Case M: March 1, 2011. Within 1 year from the date of sale.

Problem 2 8 B
Original business registration and renewal of business registration are subject to P500 each. The
transfer of registration requires no additional registration fee to be paid by the taxpayer. (Sec. 243,
NIRC)

Problem 2 9 D
All criminal violation may be compromised except: (a) those already filed in court, or (2) those
involving fraud. (Sec. 204 (B), NIRC)

Problem 2 10 D
Income tax payable P1,000,000
Multiplied by minimum compromise rate due bankruptcy 20%
Minimum amount of compromise P 200,000

Problem 2 11 D
Amount of tax liability P150,000
Surcharges 25,000
Interest 20,000
Advertising cost 5,000
Price if purchase by the Government P200,000

Problem 2 12 D
1. Letter C
Actual excise tax on the first 6 months P200,000
Multiplied by statutory increase in rate 2
Required bonds on the last 6 months P400,000

If after 6 months of operation, the amount of initial bond is less than the
amount of the total excise tax paid during the period, the amount of the bond
shall be adjusted to twice the tax actually paid for the period. [Sec. 160 (A),
NIRC]

2. Not in the choices, P400,000

Actual excise tax on the first year applicable to
the second year (P200,000 + P250,000) P450,000
Less: Excess of bonds over actual excise tax
INCOME TAXATION 6TH Edition (BY: VALENCIA & ROXAS) 8
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Chapter 2: Tax Administration

Bonds paid first year (P100,000 + P400,000) P500,000

Actual excise tax first year (450,000) 50,000
Net actual amount of bond for the second year P400,000

The bond for the succeeding years of operation shall be based on the actual
total excise tax paid during the year immediately preceding the year of
operation. [Sec. 160 (B), NIRC]

Problem 2 13 C
X is not entitled to receive the informers reward because being a first cousin, he is Bs (an RDO)
relative within the 6th degree of consanguinity.

A public official or government employee or his relative within the 6 th degree of consanguinity
shall not be entitled to the informers reward of 10% based on the tax revenue recovered or
P1,000,000. whichever is lower. This informers reward, once awarded shall be subject to a final
withholding tax of 10%. (Sec. 282, NIRC)

Problem 2 14
1. Letter D
Sales price P4,000,000
Less: Total amount per assessment P2,500,000
Surcharge (P2,500,000 x 25%) 625,000
Interest (P2,500,000 x 20% x 3/12) 125,000 3,250,000
Net amount after public taxes, penalties and interest P 750,000
Less: Capital gains tax (P4,000,000 x 6%) P 240,000
DST (P4,000,000 x 1.5%) 60,000
Cost of advertising 20,000 320,000
Excess amount to be returned to X P 430,000

2. Letter C
Purchase price P4,000,000
Add: Interest (P4,000,000 x 15% x 9/12) 450,000
Redemption price P4,450,000

The redemption price is comprised of the purchase price plus 15% interest
per annum from the date of purchase to the date redemption. (Sec. 214,
NIRC)

3. Letter C
Total rent income (P60,000 x 9 months) P540,000
Less: Interest expense to redeem the property 450,000
Excess income P 90,000

The owner shall not, however, be deprived of the possession of the said
property and shall be entitled to the rents and other income thereof until the
expiration of the time allowed for its redemption. (Sec. 214, NIRC)
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Chapter 2: Tax Administration

Problem 2 15 C
Statutory fine (P250,000 x 2) P500,000

Any taxpayer whose property has been placed under constructive distraint, and disposed the
same without the knowledge and consent of the Commissioner shall be punished by a fine of not
less than twice the value of the property sold, encumbered or disposed of, but not less than
P5,000 or suffer imprisonment of not less than 2 years and 1 day but not more than 4 years or
both. (Sec. 206, NIRC)

The P5,000 fine is applicable only when the computed amount (selling price x 2) is lower than
P5,000.

Problem 2 16 C
Proceeds from sale P 350,000
Less: Basic tax assessed P300,000
Accrued interest from April 15, 200x to
July 15, 200x (P300,000 x 20% x 3/12) 15,000
Documentary stamp tax 1,500
Advertisement 1,000 317,500
Amount to be refunded to Mr. Poe P 32,500

Problem 2 17 D
Proceeds from sale (P1,500/0.005) P 300,000
Less: Basic tax assessed P275,000
Accrued interest from April 15, 200x to
July 15, 200x (P275,000 x 20% x 3/12) 13,750
Documentary stamp tax 1,125
Advertisement 1,000 290,875
Amount to be refunded to Mr. Ligot P 9,125

Problem 2 18 C
Total surcharge (P10,000 x 25%) P2,500

25% surcharge shall be imposed for late filing of the return and late payment of the tax. (Sec. 5,
Rev. Regs. No. 12-99)

Problem 2 19 C
Interest (P10,000 x 20% x 2.5/12) P416.67

The computation of interest is based on unpaid basic tax. (RMC No. 4699)

Problem 2 20 C
Basic tax P10,000
Surcharges:
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Chapter 2: Tax Administration

For late filing and payment (25%) P2,500

For filing in wrong RDO (25%) 2,500 5,000
Interest (P10,000 x 20% x 2.5/12) 417
Total amount due P15,417

Problem 2 21 D
Income tax due per return P100,000
Add: Surcharge for willful neglect to file the
and late payment (P100,000 x 50%) P50,000
Interest from April 15, 200B to
June 30, 200C (P100,000 x 20% x 14.5/12) 24,167 74,167
Total amount due, June 30, 200C P174,167

Late filing and late payment of tax is a taxpayers willful neglect if the payment is made only after
the notification of the BIR. Such violation is subject to 50% surcharge plus 20% interest per
annum computed from the due date of the tax until the date of payment. (Rev. Regs. No. 12-99,
Sec. 5.3)

Problem 2 22 B
Income tax due per return P100,000
Add: Surcharge for late filing and late payment
- simple neglect (P100,000 x 25%) P25,000
Interest from April 15, 200B to
June 30, 200B (P100,000 x 20% x 2.5/12) 4,167 29,167
Total amount due (excluding compromise penalty) P129,167

If the violation is late filing and late payment of tax, only one 25% surcharge shall be imposed for
late filing of the return and late payment of the tax plus 20% interest per annum computed from
the due date of the tax until the date of payment. (RMC No. 46-99; Sec. 5, Rev. Regs. No. 12-99)

Problem 2 23 A
Unpaid tax due P1,000,000
Additions to tax:
Surcharge (P1,000,000 x 50%) P500,000
Interest from April 15, 200B to December 31,
200C (P1,000,000 x 20% x 1 year & 6.5 mos.) 341,666 841,667
Total amount due as of December 31, 200C P1,841,667
Add: Excess amount 158,333
Total selling price P2,000,000
Add: Statutory interest rate to redeem (P2,000,000 x 15%) 300,000
Total amount needed to redeem the real property P2,300,000
INCOME TAXATION 6TH Edition (BY: VALENCIA & ROXAS) 11
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The redemption of the property sold through public auction shall be made within one year from
the date of sale subject to a statutory redemption interest rate of 15% per annum. (Sec. 214,
NIRC)

Problem 2 24 B
Basic amount due per assessment P 80,000
Add: Surcharge for simple neglect
to pay on time (P80,000 x 25%) P 20,000
Interest (P80,000 x 20% x 45/360 days) 2,000 22,000
Total required payment on June 30, 200A P102,000

[Sec. 248(A)(3) and Sec. 249(B)(3), Rev. Regs. No. 12-99, Sept. 6, 1999]

Problem 2 25 C
Unpaid income tax due (P3,000,000 P1,000,000) P2,000,000
Additions to tax:
Surcharge (P2,000,000 x 50%) P1,000,000
Interest (P2,000,000 x 20% x 3/12) 100,000 1,100,000
Total amount due as of August 15, 200B P3,100,000

Concealment of income is a form of fraud. A false or fraudulent return is subject to a surcharge

of 50% based on the unpaid tax or the deficiency tax. [Sec. 248 (B), NIRC]

Problem 2 26 D
Income tax due per ITR P8,000
Divided by installments allowed 2
Tax due on 1st installment P4,000
Less: Tax credit 3,000
Tax payable 1st installment P1,000

When the tax due is in excess of P2,000, the taxpayer other than a corporation may elect to pay
the tax in two equal installments (Sec. 56(A)(2), NIRC).

Problem 2 27
1. Letter A
Income tax due per return, April 15, 200B P1,000,000
Less: 1 st installment, April 15, 200B 250,000
Balance as of April 15, 200B P 750,000
Add: Interest from April 15, 200B to May 15, 200B
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Chapter 2: Tax Administration

(P750,000 x 20% x 1/12) 12,500

Total amount due, May 15, 200B P 762,500

2. Letter C
Balance as of May 15, 200B P 500,000
Add: Interest from May 15, 200B to June 15, 200B
(P500,000 x 20% x 1/12) 8,333
Total amount due, June 15, 200B P 508,333
Less: 3 rd installment, June 15, 200B
(P250,000 + P8,333) 258,333
Balance as of June 15, 200B P 250,000
Add: Interest from June 15, 200B to July 15, 200B
(P250,000 x 20% x 1/12) 4,167
4th and final installment P 254,167

Problem 2 28
Yes, because the prescriptive period of filing the written protest is within 30 days from receipt of
assessment. Pay the related tax. Compromise is not a remedy because tax fraud is not subject
to compromise.

Problem 2 29
1 Taxable income P1,000,00
. 0
Add: Discrepancies per investigation:
Undeclared rental income P450,000
Nondeductible interest expenses 300,000
Nondeductible bad debt expense 200,000
Undocumented representation expenses 150,000 1,100,000
Taxable income per investigation P2,100,000
Multiplied by income tax rate 30%
Income tax due P 630,000
Less: Income tax paid per return 300,000
Balance P 330,000
Add: 50% Surcharge for filing a fraudulent return
(P330,000 x 50%) P165,000
20% interest per annum from April 15, 2010
to April 15, 2011 (P330,000 x 20%) 66,000 231,000
Total amount due P 561,000

2 Total amount due P561,000

.
Add: 25% Surcharge for late payment
(P561,000 x 25%) P140,250
20% Interest per annum from April 15, 2011
to June 15, 2011 (P561,000 x 20% x 2/12) 18,700 158,950
Total amount due (excluding suggested
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Chapter 2: Tax Administration

compromise penalty for late payment) P719,950

Problem 2 30
a. The cash reward of Miss Wan as tax informer would be P1,000,000, the maximum amount
of reward.

b. The informers reward remains payable, hence, Miss Wan will received the maximum reward
of P1,000,000.

c. The final income tax to be withheld from the reward of Miss Wan would be 10% of
P1,000,000 or P100,000.

Problem 2 31
a. The tax violations of Miss San Tago are the following:
1. Unregistered business (Sec. 236 [A], NIRC.)
2. Non-issuance of commercial invoice (Sec. 237, NIRC.)
3. Ignoring the summon (Sec. 5, NIRC.)

b. Miss San Tagos minimum financial penalties if convicted:

1. For operating an unregistered business P 5,000
2. For not issuing commercial invoices 1,000
3. Failure to obey summon 5,000
Total minimum P11,000

Problem 2 32
None. There is no surcharge to be imposed to Orville Corporation because the error was
corrected before payment and the payment was made on time.

The income tax due is computed as follows:

Corrected gross receipts (P2,000,000/75%) P 2,666,667

Corrected allowable deductions (P1,500,000/1.35) 1,111,111
Taxable income per audit P 1,555,556
Multiply by percent of tax for 201B 30%
Income tax due P 466,667

Problem 2 33
1. Principal factory P 500
Warehouses (P500 x 9) 4,500
Branches (P500 x 30) 15,000
Total annual registration fee January 31, 200B P20,000

2. Total annual registration fee January 31, 200B P20,000

Surcharges (20,000 x 25%) 5,000
Interest (P20,000 x 20% x 6/12) 2,000
Total amount due July 30, 200B P27,000
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Chapter 2: Tax Administration

Problem 2 34
Amount of tax liability P100,000
Surcharges 25,000
Interest 20,000
Advertising cost 5,000
Price if purchase by the Government P150,000

Problem 2 35
Case 1 Financial incapability due to corporate insolvency.
Delinquent accounts P 500,000
Pending cases under administrative protest 900,000
Criminal violation not filed in courts 1,000,000
Total basic tax P2,400,000
Multiplied by applicable compromise rate 20%
Amount of compromise P 480,000

Case 2 Financial incapability due to surplus deficit resulting to impairment in original capital
by at least 50%.
Delinquent accounts P 500,000
Pending cases under administrative protest 900,000
Criminal violation not filed in courts 1,000,000
Total basic tax P2,400,000
Multiplied by applicable compromise rate 40%
Amount of compromise P 960,000

Case 3 Doubtful validity of assessment.

Delinquent accounts P 500,000
Pending cases under administrative protest 900,000
Criminal violation not filed in courts 1,000,000
Total basic tax P2,400,000
Multiplied by applicable compromise rate 40%
Amount of compromise P 960,000

Problem 2 36
a. Yes, because the offered compromise amount of P100,000 exceeds the required minimum
amount of P25,000, (P250,000 x 10%).

b. Since distraint is imposed only on personal property, the personal property with a value of
P100,000 shall be subjected to distraint.

c. Yes, levy of real property and distraint of personal property can be done simultaneously (Sec.
207B of the Tax Code). See also Section 205 of NIRC.

d. No, the unpaid portion will remain as tax liability of Lugui because Miss Lugui did not avail
of the compromise tax settlement. The remedy by distraint of personal property and levy on
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Chapter 2: Tax Administration

realty may be repeated if necessary until the full amount due, including all expenses, is
collected (Sec. 217, NIRC).