LARA, Kit B.

HISTORY 2:30-3:30 THFS

S406
BSN III-A March 19, 2017
EFFECTS OF SPANISH COLONIZATION IN THE PHILIPPINES IN TERMS
OF:

I. SOCIOECONOMIC
The tributo was imposed as a sign of the Filipinos loyalty to the king of
Spain. Those who paid tribute were individuals above sixteen years old
and below sixty. Imposition of tribute, bandala, and cedula personal
Cedula Pesonal- or head tax was a form of taxation which replaced the
tributary system in 1884. This served as a paper which was used as
proof that one was a colony of Spain and a legitimate member of a
pueblo. Before, Filipinos and Chinese only had to pay tribute, but it was
revised that all residents of the Philippines were obliged to pay the
cedula
Requirements of polo y servicio- Polo y servicio was a practice
employed by Spanish colonizers for over 250 years that required the
forced labor of all Filipino males from 16 to 60 years old for 40-day
periods. The workers could be placed on any project the Spanish
wanted, despite hazardous or unhealthy conditions
Establishment of government monopolies & Limited agricultural and
commercial development.
Improvements in public utilities and communications : Telephone
service began (Manila in 1872 and Iloilo in 1894) &Public lighting
system began

II. POLITICAL
Loss of freedom on the part of the Filipinos- union of the church and
the state Due to the Spanish colonization, the Filipinos were greatly
affected. They suffered so much because they were abused and forced
to pay huge amount of taxes. They werent able to air out their
opinions because they were under the command of the Spaniards.
They were also not allowed to acquire properties due the monopoly by
the Spanish officials and employees. Filipinos were friendly and
submissive thats why they were easily subjugated.
Establishment of a highly centralized government and bureaucratic
set-up When the Spaniards colonized the Philippines; they established
a government which was organized to administer the populace. The
power of the centralized government came from the national
government. This united the barangays established by our ancestors in
the past.Divided into two units: Central government: The King
entrusted the colony to the governor-general, who had the highest
position in the government. The Royal Audiencia was the Supreme
Court of the Philippines. The Residencia and the Visitador were the
 special courts that investigated on the conduct of the governor-general
and other high-ranking Spanish officials.
The high influence of the Catholic Church has been a great influence
on the state. Priests were entrusted to look after the people under
them and they have the authority over the government. The church
has a great power not only on religious issues but also political and
economic matters.
The colonial administration of the Philippines was popularly viewed as
reflective of the union of the church and state.
Patronato Real- Royal patronage (Spanish patronato real,
Portugese, padroado real) was the system of privileges for Spanish and
Portugese kings, which was granted by the papacy in return for
using force of arms to convert the inhabitants of Asia and the
Americas. Royal patronage included the rights of Spanish and
Portugese kings to appoint clerics, admit or exclude missionaries and
control church affairs. In return for these rights, the kings were
expected to send missionaries to their colonies and pay for the
missions, which effectively formed the local government in many areas
and High influence of the church on the state was exposed by Filipino
reformers

III. EDUCATION
Boys colleges and secondary schools for both boys and girls were
established but were initially excusive for sons and daughters of
Spaniards
Under the Educational Decree of 1863, free compulsory publicly
supported public schools became possible
The supposed Philippine education was only a means to remain in the
Philippines as colonizers. For this reason, the Filipinos became followers
to the Spaniards in their own country. Even auspicious Filipinos became
cronies, to the extent that even their life styles were patterned from
the Spaniards.
Problems-Prob-lems Absence of textbooks ,Lack of school buildings,
Lacked of teachers, Corporal punish-ment, Emphasis on rote learning,
Humi-liation of students by teachers, Lack of opportu-nity to develop
Educated Filipinos referred to as ilustrados began movements directed
towards change in the system of government in the Philippines.
Despite their wealth and education, the ilustrados were still considered
by the Spaniards to be inferior. One of the goals of the ilustrado was to
be in the same level with the proud Spaniards. The growing number of
ilustrados in the Philippines maybe considered one of the major effects
of education by the Spaniards in the Philippines

IV. SOCIO- CULTURAL RESULTS

 Adoption of Spanish surnames and first names (Claveria Decree of
1849) Claveria distributed the list of family names to the heads of the
provinces, then the head of each province sent a portion of the list to
each parish priest.
Change in the manner of dressing
Emergence of the mestizo class- Mestizos (mixed-race individuals),
who were born from intermarriages of the Spaniards and merchants
with the indigenous Filipino (Austronesian/Malay/Malayo-Polynesian)
natives. Some of their descendants, emerged later as an influential
part of the ruling class, such as the Principala (Nobility)
Fiesta was one of the religious events of the Catholic church. All
Filipinos must attend to it or else, they would be labelled as rebels or
traitor. The fiesta was always the honoring of the town patron saints
respectively held in different barrios or towns. This has given birth to
other occasions done together in fiesta such as food gathering and
street parades.
Native Filipinos have strengthened their motivation to defend the land
and plans for progress without fear against the colonizers including the
later sets of invaders --the Americans and Japanese. On the negative
side, these cultures have given ways for exploitation, monopoly of
power, patriarchy, negative positioning of women in the society, and
the feeling of inferiority over other people.

V. RELIGIOUS
Introduction of Roman Catholicism- Catholicism has been the
cornerstone of Filipino identity for millions in the Philippines.
Catholicism rapidly spread during the early years of Spanish
colonialism, in part due to a lack of otherwise centralized religious
institutions, other than Islam in the south, which might have
challenged it. Its close associations with Filipino identity have placed
the Catholic Church at the heart of nationalism, social justice, and
other movements, while at the same time has been associated with
power, elitism, and exploitation at various points in its history.
Holding of Catholic fiestas and religious holidays
The Spanish Jesuit missionaries sent to the Philippines encouraged the
Filipino people to convert to Catholicism, celebrate Catholic holidays,
and to observe religious days of obligation. Converts to Catholicism
would have to be assured that resurrection was a positive experience
that did not involve evil. Many Filipinos converted to Catholicism upon
or near their death even if the individual had not previously been
particularly observant of Catholic doctrine.
Advent of religious literature and art
 Filipinos truly believed in the values and traditions of the Catholic
Church. Their beliefs now operated within the traditions of the Catholic
Church which dictated that cemeteries must be on consecrated ground
to ensure the souls of the individuals buried there would reach heaven.
Churches directly adjacent to cemeteries provided extra assurance of
the sanctity of cemetery grounds. Funeral chapels were built attached
to the separated cemeteries, acting as smaller versions of churches

References:
i. (2017). Retrieved 18 March 2017, from https://infogr.am/Effects-
of-Spanish-Colonization-on-the-Philippines
ii. Constantino, R,. (1966) The Philippines: A Past Revisited From
the Spanish Colonization to theSecond World War, Renato
Constantino, d., Quezon City: Malaya Books.
iii. Cite a Website - Cite This For Me. (2017). Steemit.com. Retrieved
17 March 2017, from
https://steemit.com/philippines/@aizensou/the-influence-of-
spanish-colonization-in-the-philippines-featuring-juvyjabian-as-
author
iv. Pile, V. (2017). Political: Spanish Era.
Spanishsparrow.blogspot.com. Retrieved 17 March 2017, from
http://spanishsparrow.blogspot.com/2010/07/political-spanish-
era.html
v. (2017). Retrieved 18 March 2017,
http://interaksyon.com/article/17812/today-in-history-november-
21-1849---decree-moves-to-standardize-filipino-family-names
vi. (2017). Retrieved 18 March 2017, from
http://rlp.hds.harvard.edu/faq/catholicism-philippines