Problema 1:

Resolver el siguiente sistema:

{
x
=x y +t
dt
y
=x2 y+2 t
dt

7 5
x ( 0) = ; y ( 0) =
9 9

Solucin:
A. Por el mtodo de la transformada de Laplace:

Tomando transformada de Laplace, a cada ecuacin diferencial

{{ L { x '(t ) }=L { x (t ) y ( t )+t }

L y '(t ) }=L { x (t )2 y (t ) +2 t }

{ sL { x (t ) }x ( 0)=L { x (t ) }L { y ( t )}+ L {t }
sL { y ( t ) } y (0 )=L { x( t ) }2 L { y (t ) }+2 L { t }

{
7 1
( s1 ) L { x (t ) }+ L { y (t ) }= +
9 s2
5 2
L { x (t ) }+ ( s +2 ) L { y (t ) }= +
9 s2

Por regla de Cramer:

Para hallar x (t ) :

| |
7 1
+ 1
9 s2
5 2 7 1 7 1
+ 1 s +s+ 2 1 s +
9 s2 9 s 9 s
L { x( t ) }= = 2 =
1 2 5
| s1 1
1 s+2
s + s1
| s+
2 4 ( )
 { }
1
5
2
2

{( ) } {( ) }
1 5
x (t )=
2
L
1 1
2
5

7 1
L
1 1
s+
2 2
+
2 1
L
( )
s+
2 4
5 1 2 5 9 1 2 5 5 s
s+ s+
2 4 2 4

{ }
1
5
2
2

{( ) } {( ) } { }
1 5
x (t )=
2 1
L
1
2
5

7 1
L
s+
1
2
+
7 1 2 1
L
1
2
5
+
2 1
L
( )
s+
2 4
5 1 2 5 9 1 2 5 9 2 5 1 2 5 5 s
s+
2 4
s+
2 4
s+
2 4 ( )
1 1 1 t 1
Senh t e 2 cosh t + e 2 Senh t + e 2 Senh x dx
5 7 5 7 5 2 5
2
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
t t t x
2
x (t )= e
5 2 9 2 9 5 2 5 0 2

5 x 5

( )
1 1 t 1 x
2 2

( 2 7
5 9 5) ( 25 t ) 79 e ( 25 t )+ 25 e e e
t t x
2 2 2
x (t )= + e Senh cosh dx
0 2

51 5 1

( ) ( )
1 1
1 5+1 2 t 51
( 2 7
) ( )
5 7 2t 5
t t
x (t )= + e 2
Senh t e cosh t + e + e 2 5
5 9 5 2 9 2 5 2 2

51 t 51
+ +
( 1 7 7 5+1
) ( 1 7 7 51
)
t
2 2
x (t )= + e + e 1
5 18 5 18 2 5 5 18 5 18 2 5
51 t 51
5 5 5+ 5
( ) ( )
t
2 2
x (t )= e + e 1
45 45
 Para hallar y (t ) :

| |
7 1
s1 +
9 s2
5 2 2 5 2 1 2 5 2 1
1 + s+ s+
9 s2 9 9 s s2 9 9 s s2
L { y (t ) }= = =
s2 +s1 1 2 5
|
s1 1
1 s+2 | ( )
s+
2

4

{ } { }
1 1
5 5
2 2
2 2

{( ) } {( ) }
1 5 1 5
y (t )=
2 2 1
L
1
2
5

5 1
L
1 1
s+
2 2
+2
2 1
L
( ) s+
2 4

2 1
L
( )
s+
2 4
9 5 1 2 5 9 1 2 5 5 s 5 ss
s+ s+
2 4 2 4

{ }
1
5
2
2

{( ) } {( ) } { }
1 5
y (t )=
2 2 1
L
1
2
5

5 1
L
s+
1
2
+
5 1 2 1
L
1
2
5
+ 2
2 1
L
( )
s+
2 4 t

1
9 5 1 2 5 9 1 2 5 9 2 5 1 2 5 5 s 0 5
s+
2 4
s+
2 4
s+
2 4 ( )
t t

(
1 1 1 1
Senh t e 2 cosh t + e 2 Senh t + e 2 Senh x dx
5 5 5 5 5 4 5 1 5+1
4
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
t t t x
2
y (t )= e
9 5 2 9 2 9 5 2 5 0 2 0 5
2

t t
51 51

(
1 1 1
1 5 t 5 e 2 t cosh 5 t + 4 e 2 x Senh 5 x dx 1 5+1 e 2 x + 51 e 2
( ) ( ) ( )
t
y (t )=
9 5
e 2
Senh
2 9 2
2
2 2
5 0 0 5

51 51 2
51 t

( ) ( ) (
1 1
1 ( 5+1 )
1
( )
Senh t e 2 cosh t +
5 5 5 2 5+1 2 t 51
t t t
2 2
y (t )= e e + e 5 e 2
9 5 2 9 2 5 2 2 5 4
 51 t 2 5 1 2

y (t )=
1
( 5 2 5+ 1 1 ( 5+1 )
+
18 5 18 5 2

5 4
e 2
+
1
+
18 5 18 5 2)+
5 4 (
5 2 51 1 ( 51 )
e 2 1+t
t

)
51 t 51
104 5 10+ 4 5
( ) ( )
t
2 2
y (t )= e + e 1+ t
45 45

B. Por el mtodo clsico:

{
x
=x y +t
dt
y
=x2 y+2 t
dt

7 5
x ( 0) = ; y ( 0) =
9 9

x
A la primera ecuacin( =x y +t ) la derivaremos, entonces obtendremos:
dt
 2
x x y
= +1 (1)
d t 2 dt dt

y
La segunda ecuacin( =x2 y +2 t ) reemplazaremos en (1):
dt

2 x x
= x +2 y 2t +1 (2)
d t 2 dt

x
y despejando y de la primera ecuacin ( y=x dt +t ) reemplazaremos en (2):

2 x x x
2
= x +2 x2 +2 t2t +1
dt dt dt

2 x x
2
=x +1
dt dt

2 x x
2
+ x=1
dt dt

Resolviendo:
2
r +r1=0

r 1= ; r2 =
51 51
2 2

51 t 51
t
2 2
Solucin homognea: x h=c 1 e + c2 e

Solucin particular:
x p=
{ 2
1
D + D1 }
( 1 ) = { (1 ) ( 1 ) }=1

51 t 5 1
t
2 2
Solucin general: x(t )=c 1 e + c2 e 1

Para hallar y(t ) reemplazaremos x(t ) en la siguiente ecuacin:

 x
y=x +t
dt

51 t 51 51 t 51
1c 1 +c 2
2 2
t 51 2 5+1 2
t
y(t )=c 1 e +c 2 e e e +t
2 2

51 t 5 1
3 5 3+ 5
( ) ( )
t
2 2
y(t )= c1 e + c e 1+t
2 2 2

Por ltimo, hallaremos las constantes:

7 7
x ( 0) = entonces c1 +c 21=
9 9

y (0 )=
5
9
entonces
3 5
2
c1 + (
3+ 5
2
c 1=
2
5
9 ) ( )

5 5
; c2 =
5+ 5
c 1=
45 45

Las soluciones son:

51 t 51
5 5 5+ 5
( ) ( )
t
2 2
x(t )= e + e 1
45 45

51 t 51
104 5 10+ 4 5
( ) ( )
t
2 2
y (t )= e + e 1+ t
45 45