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RIBS AND SPARS: Aircraft is not aerodynamically fit unless the tail is designed to maintain its shape event at
extreme stress. Tail is nothing but a framework of ribs and spars. Spars, the main component of the wing, runs
lengthwise along the tail and so can carry all the weight of the tail. During flight when the force of the air acts against
the skin, this force is transmitted to the ribs and then to the spars. There are two types of spars- the front spar and
the rear spar. The front spar is located near the leading edge while the rear spar is about two-thirds the distance to
the trailing edge. Depending on the design of the flight loads, some of the all-metal wings have as many as five
spars. (ref 10).Spars are given for a purpose to resist bending and axial loads.
The ribs are those parts of the tail that provide airfoil shape. There are some ribs that can bear flight stress called
compression ribs. Ribs are made out of wood, metal, plastic, composites and foam.
Engineering Design
Creo Elements/Pro has a wider range of tools that enable the generation of a complete digital representation of the
product being designed. Apart from the general geometry tools it can also generate geometry of other integrated
design disciplines such as industrial and standard pipe work and complete wiring definitions. It also has several
industrial design concepts ranging from Conceptual industrial design sketches, reverse engineering, comprehensive
free-form surface tools.
Analysis
Creo Elements/Pro provides different analysis tools like- thermal, static, dynamic and fatigue finite element analysis
along with other tools all designed to help with the development of the product. Human factors,
manufacturing tolerance, mould flow and design optimizations are included in the tools. The design optimization
can be done with it for optimal structural modeling at geometry level along with a FEA approach.
Manufacturing
It provides sets of tools for manufacturing as well in the form of tooling design and simulated CNC machining and
output.
The final assembly of the empennage structure is shown in the figure below. The elevator is kept inclined at an angle in order to
represent it as a movable component. The color of the vertical stabilizer is changed to discriminate it from the horizontal
stabilizer components (this is done only to make the structure easily understood to the readers)
Result:
The final assembly of the empennage structure is shown in the figure below
LAB IN
Generation of Aerofoil
Modelling
Steps to Modelling
Final assembly
No of Hours Required: 3