UNIT 4

LEADERSHIP
DEFINITION
It is defined as influence, that is, The art or process of
influencing people so that they will strive willingly and
enthusiastically towards the achievement of group goals.
Ideally people should be encouraged to develop not only
willingness to work but also willingness to work with zeal
and confidence.
Leaders act to help a group attain objectives through the
maximum application of its capabilities.
They do not stand behind the group to push and prod
they place themselves before the group as they facilitate
progress and inspire the group to accomplish
organizational goals.

INGREDIANTS OF LEADERSHIP POWER

A fundamental understanding of people, the ability to
inspire the followers to apply their full capabilities.
PRINCIPLE OF LEADERSHIP
Since people tend to follow those who offer them a means
of satisfying their personal goals, the more managers
understand what motivates their subordinates and the
more they reflect this understanding in their actions, the
more effective they are likely to be as leaders.

LEADERSHIP TRAITS
Drive (including achievement, motivation, energy,
ambition, initiative and tenacity)
Leadership motivation(the aspiration to lead but not to
seek power as such)
Honesty and integrity.
Self-confidence(including emotional stability)
Cognitive ability and an understanding of the business.
CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP APPROACH
Charismatic leadership may have certain characteristics,
such as being self-confident, having strong convictions,
articulating a vision, being able to initiate a change,
communicating his expectations, having a need to
influence followers and supporting them, demonstrating
enthusiasm and excitement, and being in touch with
reality.

LEADERSHIP BEHAVIOIURS AND STYLES

STYLES BASED ON USE OF
AUTHORITY
The autocratic leader commands and
expects compliance, is dogmatic and
positive, and leads by the ability to withhold
or give rewards and punishment.
The democratic or participative leader
consults with subordinates and encourages
their participation.
The free-rein leader uses power very little,
if at all, giving subordinates a high degree of
independence.

THE PATH GOAL THEORY

It suggests that the main goal of the leader is to
clarify and set goals with subordinates, help them
find the best path for achieving the goals, and
remove obstacles.

It categorizes leadership into four groups

Supportive leadership behaviour gives
consideration to the needs of subordinates, shows
 concern for their well being, and creates a pleasant
organizational climate.
Participative leadership allows subordinates
to influence the decision of their superiors, which
may increase motivation.
Instrumental leadership gives subordinates
rather specific guidance and clarifies what is
expected of them. It involves aspects of planning,
organizing, coordinating, and controlling by the
leader.
Achievement oriented leadership involves
setting challenges, seeking improvement of
performance, and having confidence that
subordinates will achieve high goals.

TRANSACTIONAL LEADERSHIP
Motivate followers by appealing to their own self
interest.
Focuses on the accomplishment of tasks and
good worker relationships in exchange of
desirable rewards.

TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP
Charismatic and visionary.
Inspire followers to transcend their self interest for
the organization.
Appeal to followers ideals and values.
Inspire followers to think about problems in new or
different ways.
Common strategies used to influence followers
include vision and framing.