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  • Grammer Antenas QST 1936 Nov

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    Articulo original de 1936 de Grammer sobre antenas

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    Articulo original de 1936 de Grammer sobre antenas

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    5 vistas9 páginas

    Grammer Antenas QST 1936 Nov

    Cargado por

    nestor.escala7666
    Articulo original de 1936 de Grammer sobre antenas

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Descargue como PDF o lea en línea desde Scribd
    Marcar por contenido inapropiado
    de 9
    The All-Around Radiation Characteristics of Horizontal Antennas Utilizing Directive Properties To Increase Transmission Effectiveness By George Grammer HE ig unknown in the equation “Trans jitter times X equala Hesuls” is the ‘sulenna, ‘The eonstant taking down and putting up of antennas emphasizes the point. Badly, most of these changes are aimless; blind topings inspired by the eternal hope that somo thing new wil “get out” better. We think they need not be. ‘Simple antennas have cerain properties which ean be utilized to advantage provided we know wwhat we want to-do. It is mapossble to predict Chelly what any given type of antenps will do ‘when hung in a particular loestion, unfortunately. However, theoretical analysis is’ possible when certain newumptions are made; although these fesumptions are never realized in practice, ex- perience with soveral typos of antennas in differ ft locations over the past year indicates that the + antenna purfurmanee checks quite closely, qual tatively, with the bebavior predieted by theory. ‘This artilo concerns iteelf only with simple hor sontal antenas, the kind the majority of ama- {ours uso either through eboiee or nevessty. No amateur who doce any reading at ll eon luxve avoided being exposed to the plane dia gram purporting to show the directive prover- tes of antennas of various lengths. A get of them Fig, ILLUSTRATING THE METHOD OF FVALY ‘ABOVE THE HORIZONTAL iMluminates the antenna chapter in the Handbook. Providing they are not taken too literally, such ‘diagrams ean be of value but (as is also pointed ‘oat in the Zandbook) they merely represent a cross-section of a Sure which is really a solid, synmeteieal about the antenne wire. An easy way. Ketan Thin tor. to get s mentol picture of the actual freewpuce directive pattern of any particular tye of an tenna is €0 copy the plane diagrain on w piece of ccundbosrd, eut it out and mount on a length of Sif wire which represents the antenna axis. If ‘ Vee “CHT SCL. ea “yt penny o et \ ‘l HH 1 FSO A 2 GOI Oo 30" FIG, EFFECT OF GROUND ON RADIATION AT VERFIGAL ANGLES FOR FOUR ANTENNA. "aBterTs the wize ia then twitled rapidly in the fngore a “motion pieture” of the solid directive diagram reudily eau be seen. “However, even this is of no grest value except to form s mental image whiels wll be of help in understanding what follows. No antenna worksin free apace, Amateur antennas, in partonlar, l= ways hug the ground and the surrounding houses sand fora protty closely. OF these surroundings, the ground is the only item common to all loea tion, and ie the only one that ean be taken into count in a discussion of this kind. Tt should be realized, however, that the proximity of tin roofe, hhouse witing, dewnspouting, and similar obstrwo- tonsin the tld ofthe antenna ean havea marked effect on its performance. ‘With the wold directive pattern firmly in mind, Jet us suppose that the antenna is placed hor sontally over the earth. Neglecting for the mo- tment the effect of the ground, this immediately ‘cus of the lower half of the pattern since we are November, 1936 19 ‘oneerned only wit radiation i space. Now ifwe fut the solid pattern by a plane passing throug ‘the axigof the antenna at any random angle with Fesjoet to eurt, the outline of the pattern on the plane will be the sme plane diggram whieh we hhave already said must be handled with oar. ‘The idea is represented in Fig. 1, in which the large horizontal plane represents the earth and the ine OA the line of the antenna wire. OABC is the eutting plane just mentioned, and on it is ‘drawn tho plane diagram, inthis case represcut~ Ingone quadrant of a full-srave antenna disgras. % if HALF-WAVE ANTENNA apiarion ar verricat |__}o ¢ A ANGLE 9 ABE HORIZON 7 ryTyt 10107 207 20" 40" 90" 4 90" 6" 0" ROUBDNTAL ANGLE WT RESPECT To ANTENA WORE FIELD STRENGTH 10 ARBITRARY UNITS £ zs H et EE 7 : fl 3s 23 iy se i a 8 S17] Y6-wave ANTENNA 6 Pita eeerraaes aie 9 OE | sano nonon |W 8 opi ANGLE WITH RESPECT 70 ANTENNA WIRE (Only one quadrant neo be considered, sinee the ptterns are always eymmetrical, td what hap jens in one quadrant slso happens in the ether three.) As the plane OAC is rotated about the antenna as sn axis, the plane diagram wll de- teribe the solid directive pattern. ‘Most ameteursrealize thet energy radiated up wards from the earth is effective for long-distance ommuniation. Suppose we wish to know the rel- ative feld strength at a distant point caused by radiation at come upward angle with respect to the earth's surface. Let us say that a straight line = ett sa ui | BG = 3 SLT pu wave antenna 4 E7017 ficimen arvemen WPL BE ANGLE 9 ABOVE HORIZON | 4) aa iW fas e raialelalalalale alae bebbebet Le ORDONTAL ANGLE WITH RESPECT TO ANTENNA WIRE iY “w0-WAvE ANTENNA aouarion ar | VERTICAL ANGLE 10 +aa0v WoRzoN FIELD STRENGTH IN ARBITRARY UNITS ib [. ‘Sot BF 90h ASO GO 10" OF 3 MORIZONTAL ANGLE WITH RESPECT TO AATEMYA WIRE ‘os. '6 INC--DIRECTIVITY CHARTS TOR FOUM SIMPLE ANTENNAS FOR RADIATION AT A 20 QST for ee from the distant point makes an angle DOA, Fig. 1, with the line of the anterma. Along the line DO we erect a vertical plane and on it draw a line, HO, s0 that the angle BOD represents the upward ‘angle of rediation in which we are interosted. If ten the plane OAZ2C is rotated so that it passes through the line £0, the point X, where the line FO intersocts tho plane diagram, gives the desired value of rolstive eld alrengty tne being ex pressed as the length of radial ne running from 6 to the outline of the diagram. If the vertioal angle, ZOD, is kept constant while the horizontal Pus FELD STRENGTH IN ARBITRARY UNITS DECIBELS ALE-WAVE ANTENNA RADIATION AT VERTICAL ANGLE 5*ABOVE HORIZON angle, AOD, is changed throngl 90 degroos, a feriew of point eam be ebtalned from whieli ‘liteetive digrata forthe vertical angle BOD cam be plotted. It is important to note that the dia gram so obtained ooineides with the plane dine gram only when the eertieal angle i zro—sn In [possible case, since purely horizontel radiation hoplgiblo at high frequencica. At lorizontal ‘angles close in to the line of the antenna, the relative Geld strength will depend upon the par- ‘cular vertical angle considered, and if the right tertical angle is chowen the masts radiotion wll v bes Plus 8 sree atone & ‘ ws neces, iid Jt i alt Glas Sea 010" 30> 30° 407 G0" G0" 90" 807-90" HORIZONTAL ANGLE WITH RESPECT TO ANTENNA WIRE Ser lal cle tka le tt . @ =e od Lee pe “tity S see = an sr * ey ty 3 a4 a 84 = 28 Sa55 : as 2 Bi Te 38 ee Sn 8

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