INDUSTRY REPORT

ON

BROADCASTING INDUSTRY

BY: PAVISHIA NAIR

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PAVISHIA NAIR INDUSTRY REPORT
 INTRODUCTION

Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and/or video signals which transmit programs to an audience.
Receiving parties may include the general public or a relatively large subset of the whole, such as
children or young adults.

The original term "broadcast" referred to the literal 'sowing of seeds' on farms by scattering them over a
wide field. It was first adopted by early radio engineers from the Midwestern United States to refer to the
analogous dissemination of radio signals.

Broadcasting Industry, which includes Radio Stations, Television (Cable, Satellite, Broadcast, and
Interactive), Internet (online content), online music, film production and distribution, has seen a huge
number of technological changes in the last few years Digital video recorders (DVR’s) are becoming
increasingly common allowing advertisements to be skipped easily and hence forcing a rethink of the
traditional advertising model for earning revenue. Due to availability of high speed internet, video
streaming is becoming increasingly popular. Most big players in the US have started providing paid online
subscriptions of popular series. Video on mobile has also gained momentum in the developed world. Also,
blogs like MySpace have changed the business model by adding a new dimension of paid content (i.e.
user generated content). Perhaps, we are in the era where the definition of the Broadcasting industry is
being redefined due to such immense changes in path breaking innovations.

The global broadcasting and cable TV market grew by 3.4% in 2008 to reach a value of $317.9 billion. In
2013, the global broadcasting and cable TV market is forecast to have a value of $356.3 billion, an
increase of 12.1% since 2008. Americas leads the global broadcasting and cable TV market, accounting
for 50.3% of the market''s value

More and more broadcasters are looking for ways to broadcast to niche audiences because the
competition is so fierce. With the increased use of ever more realistic virtual sets, the vocabulary of “on
location” could go away. The increased quantity and quality of data and the increased streams of data
are all converging. The technology, certainly, is here. The trend, and the challenge, is to use that data to
present a much more immersive experience to the television viewer to prevent him or her from pressing
those up and down buttons.

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 WORLD TRENDS

The global Broadcasting Industry has gone through major technological advances in the recent past, with
features such as IPTV, VOD (Video on demand), Mobile TV and DVR’s (Digital Video Recorders etc),
becoming increasingly common. At the same time, the future of advertisements, which constitute a large
proportion of the broadcasting revenue, has become uncertain with the advent of technologies that allow
ad skipping. The leading players in the market are forced to adapt technology, though they are unsure of
the potential of these technologies in the medium-long term future.

Most IT solution providers (especially firms such as IBM, Accenture, Infosys, Wipro and Satyam) have
started looking at broadcasting as a key revenue generating area. Along with conventional verticals such
as Banking, Insurance, Finance, Healthcare and Telecommunications, most key Tier 1 and Tier 2 IT
players in India have launched a specialized Broadcasting (or Media and Entertainment ) vertical in the
last few years.

Ranking Trends by Percentage of Respondents

The top three trends (by a good margin) in the 2010 BBS Global Trend Index are multi-platform content
delivery, file-based / tapeless workflows, and the transition to HDTV operations.  

The top ranking of multi-platform content delivery in this year’s study is a strong move up from last
year’s study where it placed 4th in terms of importance.  In 2009 the top three trends were transition to
HDTV operation, tapeless workflows and IP content delivery.

The 2010 BBS Global Trend Index show that the broadcast industry in 2010 is focused on generating new
revenue streams (through multi-platform content delivery) and achieving cost savings through
operational efficiencies (through file-based / tapeless workflows).  At the same time however, it’s clear
that the industry intends to finish what it started by continuing its transition to HDTV operations (the top
trend in 2009). 

The table below demonstrates this by showing the response data ranked by “most important” and
without the 5-3-1 weighting applied.  For the most part, the trends stay in the same position, but there
are a few changes to the rankings. 

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 MAJOR GLOBAL PLAYERS

The global commercial system is a very recent development. Until the 1980s, media systems were
generally national in scope. Beginning in the 1980s, pressure from the IMF, World Bank and U.S.
government to deregulate and privatize media and communication systems coincided with new satellite
and digital technologies, resulting in the rise of transnational media giants.

The global media system is now dominated by a first tier of nine giant firms. They are:-

Time Warner, the largest media corporation in the world, was formed in 1989 through the merger of
Time Inc. and Warner Communications. In 1992, Time Warner split off its entertainment group, and
sold 25 percent of it to U.S. West, and 5.6 percent of it to each of the Japanese conglomerates Itochu
and Toshiba. It regained from Disney its position as the world's largest media firm with the 1996
acquisition of Turner Broadcasting.

Disney, In the early 1990s, Disney successfully shifted its emphasis from its theme parks and resorts to
its film and television divisions. In 1995, Disney made the move from being a dominant global content
producer to being a fully integrated media giant with the purchase of Capital Cities/ABC for $19 billion,
one of the biggest acquisitions in business history.

Bertelsmann, Bertelsmann is the one European firm in the first tier of media
giants. The Bertelsmann empire was built on global networks of book and music clubs. Music and
television provide 31 percent of its income, book publishing 33 percent, magazines and newspapers 20
percent, and a global printing business accounts for the remainder. In 1994 its income was
distributed among Germany (36 percent), the rest of Europe (32 percent), the United States (24 percent)
and the rest of the world (8 percent).

Viacom, C.E.O. Sumner Redstone, who controls 39 percent of Viacom's stock, orchestrated the deals
that led to the acquisitions of Paramount and Blockbuster in 1994, thereby promoting the firm from $2
billion in 1993 sales to the front ranks. Viacom generates 33 percent of its income from its film studios,
33 percent from its music, video rentals and theme parks, 18 percent from broadcasting, and 14 percent
from publishing. Redstone's strategy is for Viacom to become the world's "premier software driven
growth company."

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PAVISHIA NAIR INDUSTRY REPORT
News Corporation, The News Corporation is often identified with its head, Rupert
Murdoch, whose family controls some 30 percent of its stock. Murdoch's goal is for News Corporation to
own multiple forms of programming--news, sports, films and children's shows--and beam them via
satellite or TV stations to homes in the United States, Europe, Asia and South America.

Sony
Sony's media holdings are concentrated in music (the former CBS records) and film and television
production (the former Columbia Pictures), each of which it purchased in 1989. Music accounts for about
60 percent of Sony's media income and film and television production account for the rest. Sony is a
dominant entertainment producer, and its media sales are expected to surpass $9 billion in 1997.

TCI
TCI (Tele-Communications Inc.) is smaller than the other firms in the first tier, but its unique position in
the media industry has made it a central player in the global media system. TCI's foundation is its
dominant position as the second biggest U.S. cable television system provider. C.E.O.

Universal (Seagram)
Effectively controlled by the Bronfman family, the global beverage firm Seagram purchased Universal
(then MCA) from Matsushita for $5.7 billion in 1995. Universal is expected to account for approximately
half of Seagram's $14 billion in sales in 1997.

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 INDUSTRY IN INDIA
On the television industry side, this annual growth rate is projected to be 22% and on the radio side it is
projected to be at the rate of 28% over the next five years.

At present, there are 110 million TV households in India, out of which 70 million are cable and satellite
homes and rest 40 million are served by the public broadcaster, i.e. Doordarshan. Similarly, there are 132
million radio sets in the country. The number of private satellite TV channels has grown astronomically
over the years, from 1 TV channel in 2000 to 273 TV channels in 2007 (till 31.12.2007). The number of
non-news & current affairs TV channels has grown from 0 to 115 and that of news & current affairs TV
channels has grown from 1 to 158.

DTH Service

Direct-To-Home (DTH) Service refers to distribution of multi-channel TV programmers in Ku Band by

using a satellite system for providing TV signals direct to subscribers' premises.

DTH provides subscribers the advantage of geographical mobility meaning thereby that once a customer
purchases DTH hardware, he/she can continue to use the same unit anywhere in India. DD DIRECT+ is
India's first and only Free To Air (FTA) Direct-To-Home Service being provided by Prasar Bharati. Apart
from Prasar Bharati - a public service broadcaster, M/s Dish TV India Ltd. M/s Tata Sky Ltd, and M/s Sun
Direct TV Pvt. Ltd. M/s Reliance Big TV Pvt. Ltd., M/s Bharti Tele media Ltd. and M/s. Bharat Business
Channel Ltd. have also been granted license for operating DTH service.

The eligibility conditions provide for total foreign equity holding, including FDI/ NRI/ OCB/ FII, in the
applicant company not to exceed 49%, and within the foreign equity, the FDI component not to exceed
20%. It also provides that applicant company must have Indian management control with the majority
representatives on the Board as well as Chief Executive of the Company being resident Indians.

Media and Entertainment industry is one of the most flourishing sectors in India. The Indian Media and
Entertainment industry grew from Rs 35,300 corers to Rs 43,700 corers during the year 2005-06. The
liberalization of the media sector has opened up the gates of opportunities and growth. India is
witnessing a revolution in this sector with the emergence of new technologies. Many companies are
taking initiatives to set up digital theatres, multi-plexus, etc.

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India is emerging as a global destination for the Media And Entertainment players because of the
following reasons:

 India is emerging as one of the world's largest markets for digital and mobile music.

 Entry of private sector companies and increasing FDI and FII.

 The Indian Media and Entertainment industry is also making its presence felt in the global market
with its movies and music. Also the concept of crossover movies and crossover audience is also
gaining momentum.

 India's large pool of creative skills and growing domestic market for animation and special effects
industry.

 Piracy and violation of intellectual property rights have posed a major threat to the Media And
Entertainment companies worldwide. Lack of quality content has also become a major area of
concern for the Media And Entertainment companies in India.

 Given the high rate of economic growth and technological developments, Indian Media And
Entertainment industry is poised to register a tremendous growth in the coming years.

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   PricewaterhouseCoopers in its  “Indian entertainment and media outlook 2009" report has
estimated that the Indian Entertainment & Media industry will return to double digit growth in

Service sectors 2007- Service sectors 2008-

2008 2009 (in
(in %) %)

Media Broadcasting 13 Media Broadcasting 15

Financing, Insurance, Real Financing, Insurance,

Estate and Business Real Estate and Business
20.8 23.5
Services & etc Services & etc

Construction and IT 26.7 Construction and IT 17.3

2010 .

Share of the Broadcasting Industry in the Indian economy

2007-2008** 2009-2010

13 Media Media
Broad 15 Broad
casting casting
others others
47.5 40.8

Source: PwC Analysis

** In service sector the portion of media broadcasting was slowly increased in this year
2008 due to the floods and elections the media broadcasting industry was increased.

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 DOMESTIC PLAYERS
ETV Network 

It is one of the largest networks of satellite television channels in India and is owned by the media

baron Ramoji Rao. Based at Hyderabad, this network runs a group of 12 regional language news and
entertainment channels.

Sun TV Network 

It is the No 1 media company in South Asia and Asia Pacific Region ) and the largest TV network of South
India, based in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Established in 1993, it offers a plethora of television channels in 4
languages covering the whole of southern India. It was the first fully privately owned Tamil channel in
India when it emerged in 1993. Its serials and soaps have generated the maximum TRP for viewership all
over India, making it the most popular network of channels in India.”More than 80 per cent of the state’s
population decides on how to vote, where to shop, what to buy based on the news, information and
entertainment coming from the Sun Group.” - Business-Standard.

Zee Entertainment Enterprises Ltd.

It is the largest media and entertainment company in India and is a subsidiary of Easel Group. It was
previously known as Zee Telefims until 2006 when it was renamed and the news and entertainment units
were spun off into four smaller divisions. Zee currently operates over 15 different television channels, a
cable company Siti Cable, a record label Zee Records, a production company and other businesses as
well. It launched in October 1992 and has since grown into a dominant player in Indian television. It has
expanded operations abroad, with several of its channels available in the UK and U.S. as well as Africa
and Asia.The news and regional entertainment channel business was spun off into a separate company in
2006 under the corporate banner Zee News Ltd.

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PAVISHIA NAIR INDUSTRY REPORT
Maa TV 

It is a Telugu language TV Channel based in Hyderabad, India. It is one of the leading Telugu language

TV channels in Andhra Pradesh, India. In a very short time span, it has established amongst the Telugu
viewer across strata and gender, the globe over, as a channel that is different - in terms of its attitude,
freshness and novelty.

B4UTelevisionNerwork(India)PvtLtd

B4U one of the world's leading Bolly wood television network was incorporated in 1999 and launched B4U
Music and B4U Movies simultaneously in UK. The channel received an overwhelming response and went
on to expand its operations in the US & UAE before launching in India in May 2000. Within a short span
of 2 years B4U managed to spread its broadcasting wings globally and at present is available on more
than 8 different satellites, in more than 100 countries including the US, UK, Europe, Middle East, Africa,
Mauritius Canada and India.

BBCWorldIndia
BBC World is the BBC's commercially funded international 24-hour news and information channel
broadcasting around the world from its base at BBC Television Centre in London. BBC World is an integral
part of the BBC's commitment to global broadcasting and, along with BBC World Service Radio, provides
a focal point for viewers and listeners around the world. Viewers who wish to keep ahead of global news
events, but not just the headlines - turn to BBC World for the story behind the headlines - the why's and
how's of the event as well. BBC World keeps its viewers not just informed, but well informed, with in-
depth analysis and cutting edge interviews - the story from all sides.

CartoonNetworkIndia

CN is not responsible for the content of the Linked Sites, whether or not CN is affiliated with sponsors of
the sites. CN does not in any way endorse the Linked Sites. CN welcomes links to this site. You may
establish a hypertext link to this site, provided that the link does not state or imply any sponsorship or
endorsement of your site by CN. You must not use on your site or in any other manner any trademarks,
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PAVISHIA NAIR INDUSTRY REPORT
service marks or any other materials appearing on the CN site, including any logos or characters, without
the express written consent of the owner of the mark or materials. You must not frame or otherwise
incorporate into another web site or present in conjunction with or juxtaposed against such a web site
any of the content or other materials on the CN site without CN's prior written consent.

CNBCAsia.

CNBC Asia goes beyond delivering regional news. Efforts have been made to remain relevant to the local
audience concerns and issues of the day. In India in particular, CNBC Asia's local partnership with
Television Eighteen India Ltd (TV18) has produced a top-notch business channel dedicated to the
delivery of relevant news to CNBC Asia's viewers in India.

Doordarshan-IndianNationalTelevisionNetwork.
Doordarshan is one of the largest broadcasting organizations in the world. Doordarshan
operates 20 channels, has a network of 1081 transmitters, puts out over 1,393 hours of programmers
every week. Doordarshan reaches 87.6 percent of the country's 950 million people.

NDTV

New Delhi Television Limited (NDTV), founded in 1988, is India's first and largest private producer of
news, current affairs and entertainment television NDTV is home to the country's best and brightest
reporters, anchors and producers; 23 offices and studios across the country host India's most modern
and sophisticated production and news gathering facilities.

SonyEntertainmentTelevision.
Sony Entertainment Television is dedicated to provide the best in Hindi family entertainment to the
largest percentage of the Indian population-the young adult.

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 MARKET TRENDS IN INDIA
The key trends prevailing in Indian market are:

Value added services

Major DTH providers are offering value added services (VAS ) as an innovative strategy to lure
customers. Popular VAS offered by DTH include on-demand movies, matrimonial services, job search,
travel planning, mobile services, TV banking, astrology and many more. Dish TV partnered with
Indiatimes.com to offer mobile services under the name ‘Mobile Active.’ The service allows users to
preview ring tones, wallpapers, text alerts and contests on their TV and download it on their mobiles.

Partnerships with movie/video distribution companies

A major share of Indian entertainment content comes from Bollywood and regional films. Hollywood
movies create another big opportunity to make revenue. Eyeing this opportunity, DTH providers are
entering into partnerships with movie/video distribution companies. Recently, Reliance forged alliances
with UTV Communications and Star India to acquire the rights to two Hindi films. Last month, the
company also forged a strategic marketing alliance with Fox Star Studios for the India release of ‘Avatar.’
Such partnerships are integral to a healthy competition among DTH players. In the future, major
partnerships are expected with major publishers as well as TV content providers.

High -Definition Services

Technology has no limits. With a large number of options available to view channels across the world on
the new highend television sets, now the focus will be to add quality to TV viewing. High-definition is the
latest mantra in TV entertainment. DTH providers have started offering HD services in India. Recently,
Sun TV launched the first HD DTH service in India. Samsung Electronics telecommunications systems
division manufactures the HD set top boxes for Sun Direct.

Looking Beyond

Although there are several issues regarding content and quality of service offered by the cable service
providers, most of the TV households in India still prefer cable service to DTH. In such a scenario, DTH
operators have no option but to offer the service at the lowest cost possible to pull customers towards
them. Currently, the market is dynamic with a lot of introductory bonanzas and free offers from
companies.

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 SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE INDUSTRY

STRENGTHS

 Latest technology is used by the Industry, along with that; it offers wide variety of solutions
including some very creative ones.
 There is strong expertise of broadcasters in core areas and also we see heavy competition which
is a sign of prosperity for the Industry.
 The industry is very sensitive to market trends/customers’ needs and develops solutions
according to the fast changing requirements.
 Competitive pricing helps the end customer as do customized solutions.
 Box Office revenues are expected to see consistent growth in 2008 - 2009.
 Home movie downloads are becoming more accessible via the internet and those in the industry
have successfully met this.
 The industry expects to grow advertising revenues at a rate of 7.9% in 2008. Also, there is
Strong network between public and private sector.

OPPORTUNITIES

 Downloads remain a small part of revenue growth, but there is rapid growing potential for
revenue from downloads and transmissions to mobile phones, video on demand, video iPod, and
internet downloads.
 Now some broad casting companies are providing box offices also.
 Conglomerates have the resources to seek out this changing market while balancing its initiatives
on the television broadcasting level.
 Change in technology and in consumer wants and needs brings about new opportunities for
growth and for different players to catch a larger share of the industry.
 Those who are able to create strategic partnerships and find alternative ways of doing business
will thrive.
 Increasing no. of channels.
 Well awareness through broadcasting.

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WEAKNESS

 Domination of 4-5 major players is a negative sign thus creating somewhat monopolized industry.
 The U.S. automobile industry has a major effect on the Broadcasting & Entertainment industry as
it is one of the largest advertisers. Ongoing weakness of U.S. automakers will have an impact on
advertising spending.
 Environmental issues.
 Full depending on power supply.
 Remote area can not access.

THREATS

 With an unstable outlook, this industry will suffer if we experience economic decline.
 The influx of DVR’s (Digital Video Recorders) into the homes of consumers has a negative impact
on advertising revenues.
 Though broadcasters understand the evolution of advertising from television to the Internet,
there is still an uncertainty as to whether or not the consumer traffic will remain or drop off to
other alternatives.
 With primetime viewing and movies turning digital, the threat of piracy and illegal downloads is
more prevalent, which will hinder the industries growth.

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 GOVERNMENT LEGISLATIONS

Protection & Regulation of Broadcasters

 Content regulated by MIB. Programming and advertisement codes laid down. All service providers
are bound by the codes.

 Copyright Act, 1957;

 Cable Television Networks (Regulation) Act, 1995 (CTN Act, 1995)

 The Sports Broadcasting Signal (Mandatory Sharing With Prasar Bharti) Act 2007

 Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Act, 1997 & Regulations framed there under; (TRAI)

Copyright Act 1957

 As per the amendment introduced in the year 1995, Section 37 of the Act provides that every
Broadcasting organization shall have a special right to be known as “Broadcast
Reproduction Right” in respect of its broadcast.

 Section 2(dd) – “Broadcast” means communication to the public –

 By any means of wireless diffusion, whether in any one or more of the forms of signs, sounds or
visual images; or By wire; and includes a re-broadcast

 Section 2(b) of the CTN Act, 1995 – “Cable Services” means the transmission by cables of
programmes including re-transmission by cable of any broadcast television signals.

 Section 2(g) of CTN Act, 1995 – “Programme” means any television broadcast and include
exhibition of films, features, dramas, advertisement and serials through video cassette recorders
or video cassette players.

 Rule 6(3) of the CTN Rules, 1994 – No cable operator shall carry or include in his cable service
any programme in respect of which copyright subsists under the Copyright Act, 1957
unless he has been granted a licence by owners of copyright under that Act in respect of
such programme.

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  Thus the broadcast through retransmission by wire is protected by Indian Law which still is
an unresolved issue in the context of WIPO Treaty

Copyright Act, 1957

• Fixation -Not specifically defined

• Sec.37 (3) – Making sound recording or visual recording is illegal Sound Recording is very broadly
defined

• A recording of sounds from which sounds may be produced regardless of the medium on which
such recording is made or the method by which the sounds are produced.

• Ref. to defn of “Broadcast” & Sec.14 (reproduction by electronic means is the excl. right of the
owner)

Fair Use

• Provisions contained in Sec.52 of the Act -In addition to all the other provisions of Fair Use viz.,
Fair dealing for private use including

– Research,

– Criticism,

– to make back-up copies for studying interoperability of comp. programmes,

– for reporting current events, etc.,

– Making of ephemeral recordings is not infringement

– Use for an official ceremony by the Government or in a religious ceremony.

• Sec.39A – Every broadcast has to be with the license of the owner of the work that is being
broadcast. License to reproduce the broadcast also requires license of the owner. Statute
therefore recognizes and gives supremacy to the owner of the content.

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Fiscal regulations

Most of the past one year, the media industry has been busy resisting the proposed Broadcasting Bill,
which it believes could hamper its free functioning. Nevertheless, the growth in this industry has been
phenomenal. On last count, there were as many as 313 television channels beaming into the country. In
direct-to-home (DTH) broadcasting, stage has been set for competition between multiple players, as
against between only two private operators till now.

With 122 million TV homes, out of which 71 million are cable and satellite connections, broadcasting is a
high-opportunity business in India. Plenty of platform choice like direct-to-home, conditional access
system and internet protocol television, makes TV broadcasting even more exciting.

Although information and broadcasting (I&B) minister P R Dasmunsi was the one to introduce
mandatory-sharing ordinance for sports telecast, that came up for criticism from private channels, he
recently pointed out that the potential in the media sector is huge. Dasmunsi said, "There is a huge
potential for development of broadcasting in India and we have a lot of advanced technologies available
with us. What we need to have is proper selection of technologies suiting our requirements." The minister
added, "Over the past few years, the broadcasting sector in India has witnessed all round growth."

However, the finance ministry has been rather quiet on giving tax relief and any other sops to the media
and broadcasting industry. Media companies, both TV channels and DTH players, have once again given
a list of their budget expectations, despite disappointment in the previous few years. Stakeholders are
hoping that this year would be different.

The Indian Broadcasting Foundation (IBF), that represents the television industry, has told the finance
ministry that the broadcasting sector should be included under `Industrial Undertaking' as defined by the
Section 72A of the Income Tax Act, 1961. The IBF memorandum to the FM points out that "Section 72A
of the Income Tax Act, 1961, provides an incentive to robust companies to take over and amalgamate
with the companies which would otherwise become a burden on the economy."

The memorandum states that the basic objective of Section 72A was to revive the financially weak
businesses and synergise the business to achieve better growth, better profits, recovery of bad advances
by banks and institutions, which will result in higher tax revenues and increase in employment. But, while
Section 72A of the Income Tax Act defines the term `Industrial Undertaking', it does not cover the

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broadcasting sector. When the term `Industrial Undertaking' was introduced, broadcasting industry was
in a nascent stage, and therefore the omission, it is believed.

IBF has also demanded that the base for fringe benefit tax (FBT) should be reduced from 20 per cent to
5 per cent for the TV broadcasting industry, as in the case of computer software industry. Also, customs
and excise duties in the entertainment sector should be on par with the IT industry. Currently, custom
duty plus countervailing duty and cess on broadcast equipment is 36.64 per cent, against 21.32 per cent
for computers and 4 per cent for cellphones, says the IBF note.

In addition, the broadcasting industry wants the countervailing duty and cess charges to be removed on
set-top boxes that are a must for the conditional access system (CAS). While the customs duty on set-top
boxes were reduced to zero, CVD, cess and other duties come to 21.32 per cent. IBF has suggested that
the government should exempt CVD, cess charges and additional duties on set-top boxes for the next 10
years. IBF also wants excise exemption for 10 years. A 'national fund' for cable infrastructure has also
been sought.

The recommendations of the broadcasting industry include bringing custom and excise duties on
broadcasting equipment on par with IT equipment; reducing the custom duty on set-top boxes to zero;
exempting broadcasting industry from service tax; and expansion of the definition of `Industrial
Undertaking'. The total estimated advertising revenue across television media in 2008 was Rs 7,400
crore.

The Cable Television Networks
Rules, 1994
The National Security Act, 1980
The Cable Television Networks
(Regulation) Act
PAVISHIA NAIR
The Cable Television Networks Rules, 1994
The National Security Act, 1980
Almost everybody in the country is familiar with the cable
television. It has been spreading its wings from the initial
urban cities, right to the remote villages. There has been a
haphazard mushrooming of cable television networks all over
the country due to the availability of signals of foreign
television networks via satellites. To check the screening of
undesirable programmes and advertisements which are
screened on these channels and to regulate the operation of
the cable television networks in the country, so as to bring
uniformity in their functioning, the Cable Television Networks
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The Prasar Bharati Act ,1990
The Prasar Bharati Act ,1990
The Broadcasting Bill , 1997
PAVISHIA NAIR
(Regulation) Act was passed in both the Houses of the
Parliament.
The Prasar Bharati Act ,1990 was passed to provide for the
establishment of a Broadcasting Corporation for India, to be
known as Prasar Bharati. It says that it shall be the primary
duty of the Corporation to organize and conduct public
broadcasting services to inform, educate and entertain the
public and to ensure a balanced development of broadcasting
on radio and television.
The Prasar Bharati Act ,1990 was passed to provide for the
establishment of a Broadcasting Corporation for India, to be
known as Prasar Bharati. It says that it shall be the primary
duty of the Corporation to organize and conduct public
broadcasting services to inform, educate and entertain the
public and to ensure a balanced development of broadcasting
on radio and television.
The Bill is to provide for an independent authority to be known
as the Broadcasting Authority of India which is for the purpose
of facilitating and regulating broadcasting services in India.
CONCLUSION
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Globally and in India, the media and entertainment industry is undergoing remarkable change and is one
of the fastest growing sectors. The main factors responsible for this are rising per capita/ national
income; high economic growth and strong macro-economic fundamentals; and democratic set up, good
governance as well as law and order position in the country. Specifically, spectacular growth of the
television industry, new formats for film production and distribution, privatisation and growth of radio,
gradually liberalising attitude of Government towards the sector, easier access to and for international
companies as well as advent of digital communication and its technological innovations are the other
attributes of the growth of the sector. The media industry plays an important role in creating people's
awareness about national policies and programmes by providing information and education, besides
creating healthy business environment in the country.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
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PAVISHIA NAIR INDUSTRY REPORT
www.google.com

www.scribd.com

www.wikipedia.com

www.devoncroft.com

www.allbusiness.com

www.answers.com

Television Broadcasting Industry Analysis by PwC

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PAVISHIA NAIR INDUSTRY REPORT