B2TE

Status of Solar power Technology Development

in Indonesia

Adjat Sudradjat
B2TE-BPPT
(sudradjat_adjat@yahoo.com)

Experiences and Market Perspectives for Solar Power in Indonesia

Renewable Energy Conference Green Supply for Growing Demand
German Indonesian Renewable Energy Days
Jakarta October 24th 26th ,2011

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Introduction
Types of Photovoltaic system applications
Solar Home System (SHS)
Photovoltaic Pumping System (PVP)
PV Refrigerator system for Vaccine storage in rural clinic
PV system for Lighthouse navigation aid
PV Hybrid System
PV Grid-connected system
Technical and material skills available locally
Test laboratories, university laboratories
Certification or standardisation bodies
Manufacturers and installers, operators
Training institutions
Barriers and constraints
Distribution or maintenance difficulties
Appropriateness of the professional qualifications,
Market Development
Target of PV System Implementation 2025
Points to be Considered

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Introduction
The research on the application and utilization of solar energy in Indonesia has been
started since 1979 as R & D activity . In those days there were a long term and intensive
co-operation for the utilization of Solar Energy, The German Government was represented
by Federal Ministry for Education, Science, Research and Technologies (BMBF) and the
Indonesian Government was represented by The State Ministry for Research and
Technology.
The BMBF was then appointing TUV Rheinland to carry out the project, and the Indonesian
Ministry of Research appoints, BPPT The initial project of this cooperation is called Solar
Village Indonesia. The project was carried out until 1984. The application of photovoltaic
system in this project was to cover basic requirements of a specific village.

The co-operation was continued with the project, so called Renewable Energies Indonesia
(REI) from 1985 to 1996. In this project, more application was introduced, such as medical
refrigerator, remote TV relay and direct pumping systems for remote villages.

Australian Aid (AUSAID) in 1997. There are 36,400 units of SHS, with the capacity of 50
Wp, and 70 Ah battery was distributed throughout the country. Along with SHS deployment,
AUSAID was also sponsored the funding of 14 PV Hybrid Systems in the island of
Sulawesi.

The installation 1,000 units of SHS and PV-Diesel Hybrid System under the E7 program.
In the following year there was the French protocol program to finance of 4 PV-Diesel
Hybrid System in Kalimantan.

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Some thousand of PV systems installed by several ministries such as Minstry of Energy and
mineral sources, Ministry of Transmigration, Ministry for development of disadvantaged regions.
(PDT) and local governments.

In the R&D sectors BPPT stressed on the research of the system, and test laboratory while the
Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI) is working the photovoltaic cell as well as Bandung
Institute of Technology (ITB).

The availability of test laboratory for the Solar Home System and component is required to
protect the quality product for the customers. The Energy Technology Centre (B2TE) BPPT
which certified with ISO 17025 is ready to serve.

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Types of Photovoltaic system applications

1. Solar Home System (SHS)

Modul
Fotovoltaik

50 W p

Lampu TL 10 W

Lampu TL 6 W

Lampu TL 6 W

TV B/W / Radio

BC R dan
Batere

The common solar home system in Indonesia consist a 50 Wp photovoltaic module, a

lead acid battery with the capacity of 70 Ah, a 12 Volt, 10 Amps battery charge
controller, three fluorescent lamps (6 Watts) and one DC outlet socket for low power
consuming appliances.
The daily energy output of this system is about 130 W-hours, on the average irradiation
4.5 kWh/m2day.
Available in the market
Standard (SNI) available
Test Laboratory available
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2. Photovoltaic Pumping System (PVP)

The GTZ program was implemented in 1993 up to 1995. The program was implementing 16 units of
Photovoltaic pumps (PVP) in the Province of East Nusa Tenggara. The electricity produce by the
array of PV module is connected to submersible pump to lift the water from underground. Basically
the PVP system runs automatically as soon as the sun comes up. However, a management needs
to be established for the purpose of looking after the system and all the supporting facilities to
distribute the drinking water to the villagers.

Available in the market

Standard (SNI) Not available
Test Laboratory Not available

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3. PV Refrigerator system for Vaccine storage in rural clinic

The Ministry of Health (M.O.H) and several local Governments are implementing the
Photovoltaic for vaccine fridge in remote area especially the area which do not have access to
the electricity. The PV vaccine fridge is one of the important facilities in the Community Health
Centre in the remote village to store vaccine and medicine.

Available in the market

Standard (SNI) Not available
Test Laboratory Not available 7
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4. PV system for Lighthouse navigation aid

There are 25 units of PV systems for navigation aid has been installed through out the country. The
power of each system is 3.2 KWp in the form of hybrid systems. Electricity produced by this system
is for powering the lighthouse and the navigation aid tower. Additional systems which were installed
in lighthouse complex were distributed 18 units of AC PV systems for employees who look after the
lighthouse. These systems were installed in the year 2005 under the program of The Ministry of
Transportation.

Available in the market

Standard (SNI) Not available
Test Laboratory Not available

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5. PV Hybrid System

The most hybrid system installed in Indonesia is the combination of the photovoltaic system
and the diesel generator. The Hybrid PV-Diesel System has been implemented by the
government to some remote areas since 1996.

Available in the market

Standard (SNI) Not available
Test Laboratory Not available

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6. PV Grid-connected system

Source: http://www.pvresources.com/en/gridcon.php

At the moment, PV grid connected system is still in the research and demonstration stage,
and currently the total capacity installed is about 112 kWp distributed on several buildings
such as:
Building of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral resources : 90 kWp
Building of The BPPT: 10.5 kWp
Building of The German International School: 11.2 kWp.
Building of The Ministry of Education: 1 kWp.

Available in the market

Standard (SNI) Not available
Test Laboratory Not available 10
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Technical and material skills available locally

Technical skill of the PV systems is quite available in the country. However, if come to area of
implementation, which is mostly in the rural areas, there will be a slight problem to find a skill people.
Therefore, training of local people is compulsory by the supplier, whom they installed PV systems in
the area.
The manufacturing company who produced the photovoltaic system and component in Indonesia are
limited to the Solar Home Systems and component while the components for the central system such
as hybrid system and grid tied system are still imported. The manufacturing of photovoltaic modules
is limited to the framing and laminating only, there are about six companies are working on this
framing and laminating.
The available test laboratory for the Solar Home System and component is provided in the Energy
Technology Centre (B2TE) BPPT. This laboratory is accreditated by the ISO 17025. The B2TE test
laboratory was developed in cooperation with TUEV Rheinland and Fraunhofer ISE Germany. This
laboratory was certified by the National Certification body of Indonesia (BSN) in the year of 2000.
The institution responsible for the implementation of standardization and certification is National
Standardization Agency (BSN). BSN is supported by KAN (National Accreditation Committee) in
conducting activities related to accreditation and certification in Indonesia. The main task of KAN is to
award accreditation to certification bodies (such as those related to quality system, products,
personnel, training, environment management system, and forest conservation management system),
test/calibration laboratory as well as inspection and accreditation of standardization of other fields in
accordance with the requirement, and to give advices to the Head of BSN in setting up accreditation
and certification systems.

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Research Activities

Apart of B2TE, another division under BPPT, who work on solar energy activities, is Energy
Conversion and Conservation Centre (PTKKE). This division works in the field of Photovoltaic
systems.
Other institutes who work in the field of solar energy are the Ministry of Mine and Energy, Indonesia
National Science Institute (LIPI) and Institute of Technology Bandung (ITB). LIPI and ITB are doing
research, stressing on the material of photovoltaic cell materials such as poly, mono and amorphous
silicon technology. The ITB is also working on the test of small inverter for DC lamps in the SHS.

Manufacturers and installers, operators

The manufacturer and installer companies are member of the Association of Photovoltaic system
suppliers such as APSURYA, AKJEKTI While the operator usually coming from the local people
which trained by the supplier for the non-PLN project.
Because most of the projects are turn-key, it is obligatory for the PV suppliers to carry out the
installation of the PV Systems. They do bidding in the project to provide and to install photovoltaic
systems.

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Training institutions

Training in the PV systems, so far, is dedicated for SHS. This is because SHS is the largest
deployments in the country. They are mostly implemented in the rural areas, where the users are very
simple people.
There are many institutions performing training to those interested in the SHS and other PV systems.
These institutions include BPPT, Ministry Mines and Energy, Universities and some foreign NGOs
which has financed by multilateral donor.

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Barriers and Constraints

Currently, most of the Indonesian PV market is coming from the Government, and with the aim to
speed up the rate of electrification. The distribution of SHS 50 Wp which is run by the Government
is free of charge. This condition will make a difficulty to have a sustainable system.
The scheme of implementation of SHS among Government agency is not same. This also could
create a problem if there are close locations which installed with different agency.
Most of major component of photovoltaic system are still imported, especially for bigger system
such as the hybrid system, stand alone centralized and pumping system. For small systems like
SHS, only PV modules are imported the other components such as battery storage, battery charge
regulator (BCR), DC Lamps, are produced locally.
Lack of spare-parts on site..
There is no system standard for other system than SHS.
Understanding or knowledge of PV systems vary.

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Market Development

Since 2010, the market of PV system is not only from the Government, but also from PT PLN, especially
for central system such as PV-Diesel Hybrid and PV grid-tie system.

PT PLN program for the 2010.

Raja Ampat, Papua with 45 kWp,
Derawan East Kalimantan 170 kWp as a hybrid,
Banda Maluku 100 kWp as a grid tie,
Gili Terawangan West Nusa Tenggara 200 kWp as a grid tie,
Bunaken Island North Sulawesi 350kWp as a hybrid system.

PT PLN program for 2011.

Lembata (East Nusa Tenggara) 600 kWp as a grid tie,
Sebatik (East Kalimantan) 340 kWp as grid tie,
Bunyu (East Kalimantan) 150 kWp as a grid Tie,
Miangas (North Sulawesi) 85 kWp as a hybrid
Morotai (Maluku) 600 kWP as a hybrid system.

And will be followed by 1000 island PV program.

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Target of PV System Implementation 2025

Unit Capacity (MWp)

Off grid

1. Central PV systems community based (5 kWp) 64.500 322,5

2. Central PV for offices (20 kWp) 3.500 70,0
On grid

1. House holds (2 kWp) 150.000 300,0

2. PLN/IPP (3 MWp) 100 300,0
Sum 992.5

Source : DIRJEN EBTKE

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B2TE Points to be Considered

Management institution on the site and sales distribution of spare parts

need to be established in the location where SHS were installed.
One application scheme from the Government.
Expand the local production for PV system component.
Develop technical standard for PV Systems and Component
Develop the testing laboratory for PV System and Component
PV System socialization to all stakeholders.
More qualified personnel in PV system suppliers
Encourage the research agencies as well as universities to do research
on PV system and component

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Thank You

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