UNIT 1

VOCABULARY PRISONS AND PUNISHMENT

Accused: Acusado Inmate: preso

Arrest: Arresto, detencin. v. Detener a [sb] Jail: crcel
Armed robbery: robo a mano armada Kidnapper: secuestrador (de personas)
Bail: fianza. Bail [sb] pagar la fianza a alguien Life imprisonment: cadena perpetua
Ban: prohibicin. Ban [sb] from doing [sth]: Murderer: asesino
prohibir a alguien de hacer algo. Mugger: atracador, ataca y roba
Blackmail: chantaje, chantajear. Offence: delito, crimen
Be on probation: estar con la condicional Parole: libertad condicional.
Burglar: ladrn que entra a casas. Pickpocket: carterista
Cell: celda Plead: declararse. Plead [sth]: alegar, usar
Commit [sth]: cometer como excusa
Community service: trabajos comunitarios Prison sentence: sentencia
Crime: crimen Prisoner: preso
Charge: acusar a Punishment: castigo, sancin
Death penalty: pena de muerte Punish [sb]: castigar, sancionar
Deny: negar Rapist: violador
Drink driving: conducir borracho Rape: violacin, violar
Fine: multa Release [sth] or [sb]: soltar, poner en libertad
Fire arm: arma de fuego Rip off: estafar
Forger: falsificador Serve [sth]: cumplir tiempo en prision
Good behaviour: buen comportamiento Smuggler: traficante
Guilty: culpable Shoplifter: ladrn de tiendas
Hijacker: secuestrador (de vehiculos) String of robberies: ladrn en serie
Hooligan: gamberro, persona violenta Suspect: sospechoso
Thief: ladrn
Theft: robo, hurto.
Threat: amenaza.
Trial: juicio
Weapon: arma.

Expressing probability, possibility, certainty

Present/Future

People are starting to put up their umbrellas. It must be raining.

The speaker is fairly sure that it is raining - it's a logical deduction.

A glass of wine a day can be beneficial for your health.

This is generally possible, but not necessarily always the case.
 A glass of beer a day may/might/could be beneficial for your health.
This is a less certain possibility.

He can't be at work yet. He only left home two minutes ago!.

"Can't" expresses negative certainty - the speaker is sure that something is not
the case.

Past

Somebody forgot to lock the door. It must have been Jack because he was the last to
leave.
The speaker is fairly sure that it was Jack who forgot to lock the door.

Somebody forgot to lock the garage door. It may/might/could have been Jack. He used
the garage today.
There is a less certain possibility here.

Somebody forgot to lock the garage door. It can't/couldn't have been Jack. He didn't use
the garage today.
The speaker is fairly sure that it is not the case.

SO THAT

We have to use "so that" to talk about purpose of doing something. (PARA, DE ESTA
MANERA, ASI PUES) We use "so that":

1. When the purpose is negative (so that... don't / won't / wouldn't ...).

EXAMPLES:

o She put the tickets in her bag so that she wouldn't forget them.

o Leave your watch here so that you don't / won't lose it.

2. With "can" and "could".

EXAMPLES:

He's saving so that he can buy a new car next year.

They moved to the country so that they could start growing their own vegetables.

3. When a person does something so that another person does something else.

EXAMPLES:
 I gave her my mobile telephone so that she could call her parents.

She entered quietly so that her parents wouldn't hear her come in.