) © Q) POLYGONS / ANGLES (Poligon dan sudut) (@) Triangles Gegitiga) Eguilateral Triangles Segiiga Sama Si ‘osceles Triangles Segitiga Kaki Sama Right-angled Triangles | Scalene Triangles Segitiga Sut Tepat des a+=90 a=90-5 0=9-a Rhombus (Rombus) a bg 4 All sides are equal in length. (isi semua sama panjang) Opposite sides are parallel. (sisi bertentangan sla’) Opposite angles are equal in size (sudut bertentangan sama sei2) ‘Diagonal bisect each other in right angle. (Garis pepenjurn berilmg dengan sudut tepat + a+b= 180° ‘Type of Polygon (Jenis Poligon) SEE Polygons side | 5 ofintesior angles ‘Regular Polygons @oligon /Sisi) | umfah sudut dalam = Potigon Sekata (2) x 180 > ” Tiimgle | 3 180 . ¢ LA Ag tot GSegitiga) LM Quadilaterl / 4 360 ; i (Gisiempat) [gf sir sode= Pentagon / 5 540 » ¢ y . Hexagon | 6 20 \ Cr Interior angle = 160-7 Hogue fy 900 exter angle + interior angle = 180° Octagon / 8 1080) (Gudut Luaran + Sudut Dalaman) Nonagen /9 1260 + sum of extaior angle = 360° Decagen / 10 10) Jum sud Luaran SESS@ Angles (Sudut) Acute angle (tras) Right angle (epat) | Obruseangle cakah) | Reflex angle (reflaks) %e 180% x<360" é on? An Pex < 180° fal —— Te Properties of angle (Cii-Ciri Sudu) \ob \ a\, j Na —h- 3 / ae we ¢ o— \ ah o a=e ad b=d a+b+e=lel i ae a=e ad 5-8 are ad id Va \ c ‘ : ; atb=c atbee EE@ 0) @) INDICES (ndeks) Table for Numbers Power of (Jadual nombor kuasa) Indices and Law of Indices (Hukum Indeks) «[ 3] ofa 4 6 aia tf] ade | we | 3 | a] ae ilala}a| 1] 3] 9 fa] |e] a 5 s{ a] 12s | 625 | 3125 6) aefae |e]. ] 6 | 36] 26 | 1296 xa (mimesof a) | oy = (alg "= ge (nial amufa) |" 7 Wel =e Example? Example 3 uk ore 0" ‘aor Man(4) PYTHAGORAS' THEOREM (Teor Pitagoras) 34 SE 9 2 5 15 36 39 2D 16 20 (5) SPEED, CHANGE OF RATES (@) Speed distance a ais tan ce i 4 ne =——— ce = le zai stance = speed ¥ time EET ©) Change of Rates Example]: Example 2; 90 Sank! = 2? ms" 900m min"? =? ni? 90 i _ 91000 0 Th [x66 m0(@) Linear Equation Example Example? Example3 5 pote 23-8) am. 5-8k= -43-% 5-8 410+ 4e 8 4h = 12-5 12k = -17 ned = 1 7 a1 xe D ) = ‘Linear Equation Example2.; (©) LINEAR EQUATIONS I, I Persamaan Linear) Example 1, 2k- 3m 29, Tes 3m=-9 > b= Sas 9 AE Si: 2(-2)- 3m 43m Ima att w= 21 2 x ya Example 3. Example 4, 2 3w=10.9, Sew Te=5y=45 @, 2x49 > Ox2 > O22 @x7 ev dpmed! “k= bw = 2 Sx = 10) = 90 2+3Q=4 ae aad = Met ty = 38 der6=4 = “Toy @-2my = 90-28 iy(7) LINEAR INEQUALITIES Linear Inequalities in One Unknown @ + fx ® —+—+—* 432 3 2 x3 3 re, 654 x= ~@ —+—+>« @ 3 2 4 2 wo) x34 5, x22 e234 ® —+—+—* 302 -1,0,1,2 oe) 2,-1.0, 1,2 is Example 3 Example 4 Example 6 m5 5 Example 9 Example 10 i<5 tes ceed i> x<10 1210(8) ALGEBRAIC FRACTIONS — Pecahan Ungkapan Algebra Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 164 ms 10 5-2v Smco TE () ALGEBRAIC FORMULAE (Formula Algebra) Example 3 LT+LT-T=3L UT-T=3L TQUT-1, 3L(10) CIRCUMFERENC! Ukurlilit E / PERIMETER AND AREA OF A CIRCLE / Perimeter dan Luas Bulat (@) the Circumference ! perimeter (Perimeter bulatan) (b) thelength of arc AB (Lengkek AB) @~4 (a) the Area of circle of circle =2rr (Luas bularan) 8 x Ir @) the Ares of sector AOB x io (Luas Sektor AOB) (@) thelength of arc NR (panjang lengkok NR) thearea of sector ONR (Luas Seior ONR) Zep 0) 0 (a) the perimeter, in em, of the whote diagram, (b) the area, inem*, of the shaded region the penimeter of the whole diagram (Perimeter Keselurshan rajzh) ON+NR+RQ+QP+PO rete the length of arc QP. (Panjang Lengkok QP) o 2 BxrxB xt = 142 the arza of sector OOP the area of sector ORM CLuns Sektor 0QP) (Laas Sekor ORM) the area of the shaded region (Luss Kawasan Berorek)@ ) (11) AREA / TOTAL SURFACE AREA / VOLUME ‘Luas - Luas Permukaan -Isipadu Luas- Area © Segiempat Sama - Square Awa=axa é 2). Segiempat Tepat - Rectangle Aeea=ab Gi) Paraelogram - Parlllogram it {fis l fa Area= ab (Gh). Segitiga - Tiagle ZT (©) ‘Trepecium ~Trepezium a QO QO ‘Luas Penmukaan = 2; 24 2a S ps it i ~ a \ - é 1S “LN ( a sas Luas/ Area= (a+ayin RTS Jumlah Luas Permukaan - Total Surface Area of a Solid () Silinder - Cylinder i) Kon-Cone (i) Sfere-Sphere eas Total surface area=4 07 7 Se Caz) Total surface area 3x? SS© # Isipadu Pepejal- Volume of a Solid @ Kiub - Cube @ Kuboid- Cuboid (Gi) Siinder - Cylinder Volume =base area x I =wh (¥) Kon-Cone (a) Phamid -Pyramid AN voiame= 1 tase area xh inh \ xabxh ‘Volume =base areas ¢ = Lexy aR@ ®) (12) STANDARD FORM Nombor Piawai Angka Beerti~ Significant figures Senis 1 ~Nombor Bulat— whole number Jenis 2 ~ Perpuluhan /decimal number <1 Jenis 3~ Perpulukan / decimal smuimber > 1 Example : Example : © 63864 Gsf) = 63900 | + © 304633 (4 sf) = 304600 | + 0.00368 @ si) = 00037 |« 0.08195 Gs) = 00820 | + Example : 75692 (sf) => 1.76 (sf) > 1007 Nombor Piawai— Standard form ~Nombor dalam format 4x10", dimana 1 1 Jenis 2~nombor <1 Example = Example = © 6 © 526x1F +0565 565 «10 © 5140000 @ 5.1410" #000082 42x10 SETS Contoh Operasi Matematik axlO" + bx I= (@ + Bxlr ax lO" - bx I= (@- d)x1r Example : Example : 18 « 10 + 88000 = 18x 10° +088 108 o.9000025 ~ 13 x10" =2.5 x10 -0.13 x10 =(.8+0.88) x 1 2.68% 105 ax 108 x bx 108 = (@ 8) x 1" Example : 27 «105 «82x10 27x82) x10" = Dx 10 = xd Patese) 0.54 x 10° 54x 10)@ © © (13) QUADRATIC EXPRESSIONS AND EQUATIONS PERSAMAAN KUADRATIK DAN UNGKAPAN Kembangan— Expanding Brackets 9+ 84) @-80) Ere a> Cased OR Re Oe ; Rep =actatee-td' |=ac-adcterta |-cttectastie | —a—arrab—be Example Example Example Example ee De+y @r-DOx-2 e=2)43) et 6-9 2etde-z-4 62 -rie-mee? | = etd 2e+6 Pte Se=20 Det e-7 62 —232+20 BH5e76 Bor ati @-5y e+) @-5) bred = etme? ers =2-8 abt ae Example Example Example Example (m3 Gear eee Ded spe-2+4) re +6m+9 298 — Ig +42 42-1 = Leg 1p Fakterkan Faetoriaton =a = retsHic, |_sg-otde-o naee =a de@-» abrorde-d |= a0-o-ab—0 ety) ie 2) =G+9@+d =6-0@-d Example Example Example Example 5—30e 164d an+2ntmn +n | Beu~2aw-t fete =50=-65 ee msn nim =n) | =26 (umn) +700 ty) m+n) +n) 1 (uw) “Fu —w) 4) ty, 20| & Gtr @-9@-1)=0 a res e=3, g=l5 = (uw) Qe“ Example 2 Example? Example 2 18pq~ 159 ae -72 pa-@—4q> tp = 346 28 -30) -@-4@-) 2+) 6) @-@)74@ -a) =6-9@ +9) OS Penyelesaian kaedah faktor darab bersilang ~ Solving quadratic equations Example 1 Example 3 ‘Example 4 9x +20=0 In? + 9n=5=0 128 ~5k-3 Ree aos 1(14) SETS - SET (2) Set Semesta / Universal sets (€)— nila didalam carta ven, tinda nilai in diluar carta Elemen (€)~benda di dalam set Subset (C)—set dalam set q Set Kosong /empty set ({}, @)-nilai dalam ser kosong afaupun tiada Tiadanan intervecdon (7)- bert, Co @ ‘Kesatuan /union (V)~kesemmua nilai / tambah dua ser 3% = ‘Set Pelengkap / complements of sets (’) -nilai di nar set (Kecuali set semesta ) Contoh £=10,1234,5,6789) A=G45}. BE{45.6,7.8), C= (nomborlebi desar dari 10 } © 32a, 42a, Sea © themumber of subsets of © O¢B, 12B, 2¢B, 3¢B, 9¢B © subset of A = (3, 8). 4), (5h. G4. 8,5}, 45, B43 © Seah a ee © A= (0,12.6.7.8 9} res * AB 4.52 + n@)=s © ony =10.12367,89) + AcB © AUB (3,4,5,67,8) + (ea, eR + uBy= (0.1.29) ++ bilangan subset untuk set = 2* ,m adalah elemen + Sena set ada mempunyai set kosong sebagai mmbset (©) Gambarajah Venn / Venn Diagrams st A st A Bt atc ad we ° 7© wa (ANB) wa (ANC) fed set (AUB) set (BUCY ay oy of Contoh -Contoh : set (PUQAR sa GOH'UF sa ANBOC st AUBNC) ? a AG c(15) KEBARANGKALIAN MATHEMATICAL REASONING. () PERNYATAAN Statement Permyataan Bukan Pernyataan ~ Suatu ayat yang BENAR atau SALAH '~ Selain ayat yang benar ‘salah Contoh : Example: ‘© 3adalah nombor prima => Pemyatamn BENAR | © 3m —2=6, situ scbenamya spa? ot )? =} Pemyataan SALAH 2s = Pemyataan BENAR © 7<6 => Pemyatsan SALAH 2 3h7 347, RA@LQ 2" berape? Apavang tindan apa? ‘+ (uke avat atau anda talc tabu apa maksud) All questions, commands, exclaimations, algebraic expressions are non statement (&) Penunjuk — “semua”, “s Quantifier => “all”, “some” SE Example 1 = Onject = odd numbers (uombor ganiil) Property = multiple of 5 Qhasit darab 5) Example? : Object - cuboid. (Kuboid) Propery cross section inthe shape of rectangular. Gegeinid gear Sac ditumslaront onto : Scsengah or sai sha b's | > Ati an crosses hese of spartans sanaacntpigt) Sr Aibldinemit beng er (© Negation => ‘not’ or ‘no’ —> “—P”, not P Tek /Bukan fami oF sSsiempat * Snombor ganjil (benat) sucmpunyai Ssisi (alah) => —P => Sbukan nomibor eanjl (alah) Sisiempat tidak mempunvai 5 sisi (benax) (@) Operations on Statements => ‘and? ‘or’ Operasé dalam Pernyataan => ‘dan’ ‘atau’ P 2 [tee |p aeg Ber | Bema | Benar | Bonar Bear | Saab | Salah [Bonar Sai | Bevar | Salah | Berar Saat [Seah | Salah [Satan Contoh 1 Contoh = benar dan m= Salah “S57 or ¥=6 => benar atau 77 =} Bonar© _Implikasi — Implication Povisiwa sp ae ‘Hasina: ¢ antecedent = =—3 Bennuk consequent 1 <9 f cee Ee RS a Implication : If n=-3, then x2 <9 [false] pitka dan hanvejita @ — Benne “3m > 15 ifand only if m> 5! F | 2 Sid Be Bly ming | tagiadon X= HE tS, te ee ated Implication IT If m>5, then 3m>15 Implikasi + Sika p, maka q — Benak . : 2 Berbalik - Tika g, maka p Terk deere Convene : 1fx>5,shm=>9 [hse] 9, apenas Premis 1 ‘Senma A adalah B Comet: : sii _ " Bemus Premise aaa cs a Bene? Geen Premise 2 PQRSTUis a hexagon Kevimpuas | Cadaas Conciion = PORSTUb tas Premis 1 Jika p, maka g ee tems | pons? | pea (Pees 1 © af sgewermao, wenrspave esmpulan | bent. remiss 2 < 6 is generthan Concho | Gisaentivennsber Premis 1 Jika p, maka g = erat | pons? butane naam ba [PERL as easshefe en Kose: mapa | had Koad Soilin, | Ba K trncsinan fem (©) _ Induction —> the process of making a general conclusion from specific cases. Membuat kesimspulan Contob L : Conteh 2: 4235272 723%3-2 u Kesimpulan : 3-2, 0 Conclusion (Deduction > the process of making a specific conclusion based ow a given general statement ‘Membuat Kesimputan - penolakan Example “The sum of theinterior angles ofa m- sided polygon is (2) 180° Specificcase PQRSTUIs a polygon Conclusion The sum of the interior angles of PORSTUis 720° “fumlah eudur dalaman bagi sid polygon adalah ca — 2) 180% Kes PQRSTUialah sebuah poligen, ‘Conctusion Jumlah udu dalaman poligon PQRSTU adalah 720°@) ®) © (16) THE STRAIGHT LINE GARIS LURUS ‘Type of straight line and their respective gradient, at Jenis Garis Lurus, Kecerunan, m &o © find xiantercept, sub. y=0 © find y-mtercept, sub, x=0 m0 (ni acre, be ae Se ack mow ad Re =< oO o as Ol * RE ‘intercept (@), and j-intrcept of a straight fine Pintaran pada palsy .¢ Example 1: Example 2: y Se 4y— 2A, ‘pinterceyt = 777 2e=6, xintercegt = 777 Gradient ofa straight line, m Kecerunan, mt vertical distance Torizontal dsace m= jarak menegak jarak melintang Example 1 : Example = REN TESS(@ Equation of a straight line 1 | | 6.3) | [—— fos Le of 4 * | o * oa | ol * at 7 x ¥ y 3 As / . ca | 3 = ol ole 2 3 xty=0 Form equation of a straight line, y ‘Membentuk persamaan garis lurus, y~mx+ dan, ET BESTE = y-intrcept mi islbkeconmmdan ¢ adalahpmtasinpdpekery Example 1 Example 2 PE.6) Example 3 equation of QR=777 ana TED wo Solve problems involving the equation ofa straight ‘Example 1: Example 2 = Form equation of a parallel line ~ Menerbitkan Persamaan dari Garis Selari ‘Example 1: Pad 520 equation of PQ Example 2 = Distance ~ Jarak, Midpoint ~ Titik Tengah Thi Taed 9 = [ distance PQ Example y m, yom@ o (17) STATISTIK STATISTICS 1, 1, OT ‘MODE DATA TAK TERKUMPUL— Mode of s ungrounded data Mode =Nilai data yang mempunyai filkuensi paling tinggi (he value of data with the highest frequency) Contoh 1 Contoh 2 67.7.1, 6, 1, 13, 14, 1,8 Ser Tw Sas => 5,6, 6,7. 7,8, 1. UL 11,13, 14 | [Frduenst [3 Ble mode= 11 Contoh 3 Contoh + ser [O]Ti]2]3)]4 Ser] 0 7 Frdmeni | 1) 3 | 7 |» | 5 Freluend’ | 1 2 mode =2, nisi maksimum x=? xe7 3 326 MEDIAN DATA TAK TERKUMPUL~ Median of a ungrounded data ‘Median = Nila di tengah-tengah apabila set dota dikumpul dalam susuman menaik (the middle value when a set of data is arranged in azeanding order) Contoh 1 Contoh 2 5335771 1, 19, 16, 17 ‘ H FARRER = 12, 16, 17719, 23, 24 Seis pai Susun semua coin paca, HID ag Contoh 3 Tenis Bakes TT2]3 [4] 5 Bilingan Pear | 3 | 0 | 1 | 3] 6 SULLA AAAS 55, 55,5 median =4 Contob 4 Saiz Kasur t]2]3 [4 Bilangan Peja |S | [2 | = [ 3 median range of x asxs30® © (17) STATISTIK - STATISTICS 1, IL, MODE DATA TAK TERKUMPUL-Mode of 2 ungrounded data Mode = Nila data yang mempunyai fovensi paling tinggi (the value of data with the highest frequency) Contoh 1 Contoh 2 6.7.7, 11,5, 6 11, 13, 14, 11,8 Seer @MlLs[*#] Susun> 5,6, 6,7, 78,11, 1, 11,13, 14 | [Fetuend 15 ze mode= 11 Contoh 3 Contoh 4 Ser [O]1]2,]3]4 a Frckuensh x wi x | 5 Frekuenst | 1 ots ]2 ‘mode =2, nilai maksimum x=777 mode =3, rilsi minimum r=777 re] 3 26 wT 3 r=8 MEDIAN DATA TAK TERKUMPUL Median of a ungrounded data ‘Median = Nila ditengah-tengah apabila set data dikumpul dalam susunan menaik (the middle value when a set of data is atranged in ascending order) Bromma 2 12,16 17h, 25, 24 ‘Susun semula a ‘Susun seraula median = 3 median ‘ cna Bilangan Pelajar 8 uw | 2] x 4 x ss median =3, rangeof + = 7? otal© @ © MIN DATA TAK TERKUMPUL Mean of s ungrounded data “N= Tin am a “Mir = ah a> Feta Bi Date “jumlah fobs can = #20 of al the value of dita mean = af (one = repens) 2 namie of dae ‘ich Pg) Conteh 1 Conteh 2 68, 62, 84, 75, 78, £9 ‘Sak [75 mean = $8+62+04475+78+79 Boras iS 5 +780) = % $si0e2=3 - 186 UKURAN SERAKAN~ JARAK, KUARTIL BAWAH @ERTAMA)(Q)), KUARTIL ATAS (KETIGA) (Qo, INTERKUARTIL (engaivmedian) Measure of Dispersion ~ rage, Bt lower quartile (Qu), thied upper quartile (Qs), interquartile range + JARAK ange) = ( tabesar —texkech) alla data + Qi = Nitsi tenga amtara nila awa! dan median(the vahue that divides the values of data that ate Tess than ‘median into 2 equal pats) ‘Nill cengab antara alla ahr dan median (he value that divides the Values of data chat are greater + Seen mete eee) + Jara Interval (Interqatile range) = Qs ~ Q Fxample 1 Example 2 : ‘ 8. 12, 6 10, 6, 7. 13.3, 8, 10, 13, 19 5. 30, 45, 29, 25. 6, 21. 8,28. 4 teen Sharada 1 3 ey 3 = 3.667, 8 8110, 10, 12°13, 13, 19 ne Re jarsk = 19-3 = 16 Jara Intesimaril = 12.5 ~ 6 .gorounded data PENYELESAIAN MASALAH- Solve problem involving ‘Comtoh 1: Seas [3 es pa ae Frequensy tap a | at 3 1 | ! P86 Re nD Comtoh 2 = RB ban 8 Dua data baru, 4 dan 7 dimasubkan kedalam set, min= 777(® Selang Kelas, had yanglebih rendah /atas, sempadan bawah ata, saz selang kels tk tengah Class interval, lover / upper init, lower upperpoundary, size of class interval, midpoint Contoh = é Selang Kelas | 11-15 | 16-20 | 21-25 | 26-30 36-40 | 41-45 © hadatas=16, sempadan atas = 2 © had bawah sempadan baweh =20:5 i any scene <8 © tictogah = seman tavah+ sompadin s = sempedan tas —sempedan baa = lor buys sper bon = ithtengahy—ttktengah ag ° Tearna Bbespotco (@ _ JADUALFREKUENSI, KUMULATIF FREKUENSL MODAL KELAS, MIN, SELANG KELAS, Frequency table, Cumulative Frequency, Modal class, Mean, Range Contoh : Dena, x H-15 | 16-20 | 21-25 | 26-30 | 31-35 | 36-40 | 41-45 Frekuensi, f 1 3 6 10 i 7 2 1 1" Le | Kumulatif F. 1 4 10 20 31 8 40 lang kelas dengannilaifteringgi = 31-35 = sun (nid fap) fuonsi) “ju frekuensi 5 () +186) +25 6)+28 +3 Ca) =38 0) +8 0 Sarak (ange) = ttc tengeh (tetngg -teendah) kelas = 43 ~ 1 Tirana) Histogram, poligon kekerapan, ogif, kuartil pertama, ketiga kuartil, pelbagai interquartile Histogram, frequency polygons, ogive, fist quartile, third quartile, interquartile range Histogram © sempadan atas /sempadan ‘awa: Gower / upper boundary) # rckuensi kekerspan (Gequency) Poligen Frekuensi boleh dibina dai histogram ‘maksud poligon —bearuk geomet avi gais urus dan bercantum garisnya (contoh segitiga, segiempat) Contoh : [berdasarkan freleuensi (g) ] seven voy Baten ie ye ‘ramen Pagan \ Deena Frekuensi Poligon © Titik Tengah (midpoint) © Frekuensi (frequency) the ftequency polygon should add 2 dlass with zero frequency before the Example : — [berdasarkan frekuensi (@)] fidueas © fickuensi bestambah ! kumulatif fickuensi Mesti ada kelas 0 (ath 10.5) firstclass and afterthe last class OGIF (zive contoh : [berdasarkan frekuensi(s)] © sempadan atas (upper boundary) umulaifickoes 5 Be ‘worralibooepalconGS) KEBARANGKALIAN- PROBABILITY 1/11 (@_Kebarangkallan suatperistiwa (Probabily of even POD aan leeeEE tere ales PR = Po =77 —~s = rae 3 = 0-2 Seat @ Kebarangkalian pelengkap suatt peristiwa (Probability ofthe complement ofan event, P(A) PAd=1 Pw PA*PAD=1 Exemple 1 Example? Examples PA md B) = PAB) =nem 2 eli dipih secara rw dn i 1 Srey pe echo von sane Boek a reel Sopa as < TT a © Peqerame Pdonkeduat) Gi) P (Keda-duaP) (63) P Geen mma jatina) -Pe = PPP or EL)@ o) (19) BULATAN - CIRCLES II / I CIRLCIRISUDUTDALAMBULATAN, SISIEMPAT KITARAN (Properties of angle ina circle, Cyclic Quadrilaterals) cr (:Xi) (\ [2D ( %& HOU BD (| Ca ] fr a+b =180 f) jee Ke) erd =180 \ / CIRECIRITANGEN BULATAN Properties ofthe tangle to circle) RRA AARC@ © (20) TRIGONOMETRI- TRIGONOMETRY I / IT NISBAH TRIGONOMETRI (Trigonometrical ratios) Lt ¥ 4 A tne Alo UDARHAFAL SoH KAR TOA = # ai tana. alo NISBAHNILAITRIGO, SUDUT ISTIMEWA ‘The values of trigonometric ratios of 30°, 45°, and 60° (Special amples) eS SS the value of coordinate x = me, 08 6 ‘Telonik menghafal (ihatnilai yang post) Ssja TIC astc al Tan ‘Sa Coe ° uo | ceo | tno 7 1 - 4 1 or 3 a NILATTRIKONOMETRIDALAMKUADRANT The value of sine, cosine and tangent, of an angle Quadrant2 Quadrant 1 oor sn@ +f > cos8 if = cove +f > sin @ = aii koordinaty Sime it > ime if = cos 6 = nilai koordinat-r Quadrant 3 Quadrant £ 1so° tnd = ai boosdinaty > sind i = ain@ if nila koordina > 0058 if = cox sf the value af coordinate y => tan +f = tne af © H A ® o a o a A ® EES@ © © ‘MENCARINILATSUDUT dleri ail sin, kow dam tam, Finding the angles, given the value of sine, cosine and tangent) Quadrant ‘Angle, KUADRANTI Hom caleulator KUADRANTIL 180-0 KUADRANT IT 12040 KUADRANTIV, 360-8 Contoh 1: sin == 0.5299, 0° x sine haat sin 32°= 0.5299) (calkalator saint) 32°, 148° Contoh 2 = cos r= 0.7721, 0° core iEe=s HiT cor 39.362 2140545, 0.721 alllator saimtifik) 219.46" PENYELESAIAN MASAL AH (Solve problem involving sine, cosine and tangent) Sm EET Conteh 1: s 1709, es Som 3 cosy= 77 om OR YU jawapan s den QR 15cm Contoh 2: ; Bis a = ; U jawapan U GRAF SIN, KOS, TAN untuk sudut 0 hingsa 360 (Compare and differentiate the graph of sine, cosine and tangent for angle between 0° of Pfiom Tis 22? Q R YU. jawapan U SENSI OTST PENYELESAIAN MASALAH Golve problems involving angle of elevation and angle of depression) Conteh 1 Q s Sm oa P< 60m—>R PH 60m —>R Suducrundul§ dai Qadalah ” the angle of = depression of S from Q is U jawapen = 36°52" Contoh2 ‘Sudut dongak V dari Sadak = 7? s the mle of hm 2 devaion of an Viton S is 4a, k= T—— > 0m Osawa. V : 7 wage = ¥ 10 SarxSd ht tomas gu[oie |e eaocne T<——>0 he -9.004+3 tom 12.004(22) GARIS DAN SATAT 3-DIMENST LINES AND PLANES IN 3-DIMENSIONS (@ NORMAL KEPADA SATAH, unjuran ortogon (Normal to a plane, Orthogonal Projection) Sata |— noma pp, | sium sexy ie tapsi) > | Sogon tine ay LP L soll Vv (®) Garis persilangan antara dua satah, tiie persilangan antara dua sata (The line of intersection between two planes, the point of intersection between two planes) ‘Tk perslangan ‘point of intersection aspect’ line of intersection Example : x Stadut antara gars XU dan satay WXYZ 727 = mle between line XU and the plane WXYZ 77? ee OORAKE YY Rajah)23) ASAS NOMBOR (NUMBER BASES) (@)_ JADUAL ASAS NOMBOR (Comparision between number in bases ten, fo, five and eight) ‘Asas 10 1[/2[3][4+]/s][«[7]s]°s | ‘sas? es eo ror: | 110, | 111; | 1000. | 1003, | 1010, Asas5 ol2f[s]s« [ols le fe [ow aws[ o [ & | 2 a [= | & 1 [ay rebar ©) NILALDIGHT (The value of a digit of a number in bases two, eight and five) mel = | * | 2 F [2 2 =? 2 2 sa | 36 | ae | = | 2 | 16 @ a 2 7 a * |" |#* | # woos | sia = 7 Eee >.) | = amas | os | ms | 2 5 7 Contoh 1 : Contoh 2 = 110021 7502s = Nils digit 1 = Nite digit 5 1x2 xe ret x8 eT (© MENUKAR ASASNOMBOR ASASLAINKE ASAS 10 (Changing numbers in base 2, base 8, base 5 “rbase 10) near 2 > acne 10 ass § > asas 10 ais 5 > anas 10 Contoh 1 Conta 2: 1056, x8) + Gx 8h +689 338 324. 2 Conteh 3: Bx S)+Ox5)+ 05) @_ MENUKAR ASAS 10 KE ASASAI TN (Changing numbers in base 10 > base 2, base 8, base S fore) asus 10> asa? (2) ~eah | asas10> asas8 8) ~eah | asl0 > ass 5) Contoh 1 Contoh 2: Contoh 3 129 = 7 288-7 14s = 7 Baki / 2 [12 remainder a sli 4 4 ba 2[- 6 oo 1 sl 2s 4 2[_ 3 0 ss 5 a 8 22a 1 5 To o 1 o 4 10345 oer(© MENUKAR ASAS 10 KE ASAS LAIN Changing umbers in base 10 > base2, base , base S [type] o @ ihe ae [alicia dl ad 3 oe gett ey Asas2 <> asas$ (kaedah kumpulan 3 digit), =a RES =Saar Sal aot) 43tp4at doty Vdayads 101110010; asas2 © asas5, asas9 > asasS ESTEE aa 2 ass asa § © anus fe asas 2 ass 5 = sas 2 asus 10> asas 5 © asas $9 asas2 = sas 5 asas 10 sas? fo asas Sasa = asus § ana 10 anas5 © asas Sasa $= asus 5 panne 10 > ana 8 PENAMBAHAN DAN PENOLAKAN ASAS2 0 % ny +o + +h 2 ii, o: 1 10; be 48 - - - 4 "1 ny 1b Contoh 1: eal Conk 22 aah iiion 1i800% +1110, = are ao To010@ tb) © (24) GRAF FUNGSI GRAPH OF FUNCTIONS (GRAF FUNGSILINEAR (Graphs of linear functions) yom, m<0 mit x pemrte, m>0 GRAF FUNGSIKUADRATIK (Graphs of quadratic yrae, a>0 ate, a>0 \L~e | AA AME | . ' oO » st GRAF FUNGSIKUBIK (Graphs of cubic functions) pear, a0 aite, a0 ESC@ © o GRAF FUNGSISALINGAN (Graphs of reciprocal functions) ped. peat gee a>0 A; 1 _MENYELESAIKAN MASALAH (Solve problems involving functions) ya2etpr, G, 0) 0=24%+P@ 0-32 +4p =p =32 2B Example 2 = Y avtk = eo) yantes2. ho ae +2 ae =2 LUAS KAWASAN MEWAKILTKETAKSAMAAN LINEAR (Region representing inequalities in ovo, variables) Contoh 1: x ws po Kawasan bestorek yang, ‘nemaskan tien = ‘eetaksamaan aI = Contoh 2: Kawasan betlorek vane, ‘meminascan tiga ‘eetaksamaan@5) TRANSFORMASI I, , UL TRANSFORMATION @ reaystast(*) ———tantasion Comtoh = Tene] =objele + trams o wendudon (2) J] vio ime + wane. () (©) PANTULAN (Reflection) Contoh 1 Contoh 2 Contoh 3 ‘Panrulan pada garis x= 4 Pantulan pada garis y= 4 Pantulan pada gatispaksi-x Contoh 4 “Melukis gars pantalan dibes ime) dan objck Contoh 1 Contoh 2 oP Pe Panrulan pada gasis paksl-y “ means (© PUTARAN Rotation) Contoh 1 Contoh 2 Menentakan Pusat Potaran care imuyamece || BAum RS | ae ape An anticlockwise rotation of 90° ‘Hezeue (A cloctorine rotation of 90 ioe one proylipat@ PEMBESARAN (Enlargement) ‘skis ial <— pandas el Luas Tine = 2D) RT a R T — 6 ps Penyelesaian Masalah (Jenis 1) Penyelesaian Masalah (Jenis 2) Comtoh 1 = Contoh 1: 210] Segitiga TIT adalah imej segitiga T dibawah transformasi WV. Cari satu tansformas! dari gabungan transformasi ita = 777 JKLM adalah ime) ABCD di bawah transformasi gabungan VU. 3ULm, Vem U jawapan U U jawapan Panrulan di garisx=—1 Pembesaran di pusat 2, 4) dengan faktor sala 3 ‘esr RSE© © ° @ 6) MATRIKS MATRICES MATRIKS /MATRIKS SAMA (Matrices / Equal Matvices) csaeanes ‘Sesunan marke (eeaerefmacn 41) Bei anata fe G 3 ,Jo eee toa PENAMBAHAN DAN PENOLAKAN MATRIKS (Addition and Suberation of matrices) + G@ bt a) = (ere ore) 2 few fe wim les ead - 8*O-@3 - B-¢ CQ6 9-G324) * (2+ Pondarshan Salar (Salar mubipienion + (a 6) = Ce #) . «(3) ~i(5) Se iit 2-(13 8), AeR= 77 (@ an) = (ke 2e)-003 8) M+ mne oe BSS coe PENDARABAN DUA MATRIKS Qulpiation fro matrices) ste [S)carm fe (S}e o-(E 8) (22) 21) = Cay enmarn=arm | annem = cam) s eiel|E By emer nee > ODE Aas 2 Guna) ves) = cone) (x32) Or 22)= C2) Conoh 2: — (2, Jee 9. wom© MATRIKS IDENTIFI Gdentity Matrices, 1 ee(h gee y MATRIKS SONGSANG (averse matrices), AW?@ (27) PERKADARAN (VARIASI PERUBAHAN) VARIATIONS, BERKADARLANGSUNG Direct variations) y berubah secara | berkadar terus dengan |p berubah secara sberubah secara i Xpersegi Tangsung dengan kiub x | langsung dengan punca la ‘dengan x young aes decly | 78 propor | ve deals teas Sith arora swith the cute of x | > varies directly asthe ‘square root of x * yer . eyez | yed Contob 1 : Contoh2 : pbetkadarterus dengan fq dan padi 9= 16 vy] I] m |, y vates drentyas the > ‘cabeofx m=2 96 Ay = GPa 6 3=k ge TOPO(&) BERKADARSONGSANG (Inverse Variation) ybekadarsongang | bekadarsongsang | yherkadarsongsang | berkadarsongsang deux dengan kuasa duax dengan kb x dengan punca kuasa sp vatiesinvenely ag 2 | 2 esinvessely as the | y varies inversely as the duax ‘ 4 square of x cube of x ‘varies inversely a5 the square oot of x k tot *oek © oynene y. yod . 1 r Contoh = Coabb? : _yberkadarsongsang dengan rand i]4 aie taney xsl, y= 16 3) > adxam y L xb = inverse vation yes z yst z sf 7 B=k© GABUNGANPERKADARAN (Joint Variations) +** GRAF FUNGSILAIN (Graph of other functions) yer yes yet, sot yes, 1 : eoyex 2382 eyes Contoh 1 = Contoh 2 : p|& w wx] y ww vaties directly as 3 > ‘the square of x and 3 10 > upg, w= wl4f2]|> m= is * inversely a5 y r[4_ 2 mlela aa rep r= ha 1=46®) 3 otny : ao —errsasespoctom a>0 ac a<0 ARSE© © @8) KECERUNAN DAN LUAS DI BAWAH GRAF GRADIENT AND AREA UNDER A GRAPH GRAF JARAK MELAWANMASA Distance time graph) Fak ad perubahan jarak + Laju (peed) = Perubahian jorak — a RE Salil LO Betkadarteeap 7 halja sata jumlah perjalanan dilahui jumlah masa diambil Mass) Maz: (@) > jack ital dita 6 saat prtema-= im tA ‘Laju semasa 45 =laju semasa 6 5 (vg awal) > laju Osperama = 5% = 4 me 4.3 ged 1 a) > a= KKELAJUAN MELAWAN MASA (Speed -time graph) Tale cas OE ajutetap/sekata dara iuas dibawah graf decctestion / ‘© Porubahan halaju = Kecenunan di bawah graf a decreas seed |. sdarperubahan halaje +f —>pecutan settleration SI aeage Kadarperubahan halaju +f “pecs increasing speed Mass () | * Kadarperubahan halaju —if => ayahpecutan > hhalaju sekara = 6 me"? panjag mass seus banger dengan a tet => Puratahalaju dalam 10 saat 7 met Masa) = therate of change in speed in the first 3 ose oo ee = + Teak dilated 3s poten 4 BX6)=9m => pecutan? s terakhie => Tarak semasa halaju sekata (uniform speed) = (6X6) = 30m > pecutan di saat terakhie= 777 => Jarak dilaui pada? tery v6 12-6 =} (6412) @)= 8m = Jarak dilaui 6s pentama $10 @=27m@ (29) BEARING (BEARING) Bearing being ofa point B fom a point Aisthe angle ata measured clockwise from the north tothe lnejong A and B ¢stenin 2 three-digit form, fom O00® to 360° Contoh 1 : “Bearing M dari N adalah 060°°. Rajah menunjukkan kedudukan M dan N= 7”? Utara Unre Utara > . > 3 M Contoh2 : * Pherada di selaian Q. Bearing R dari Q adalah 150°dan bearing P dari R adalah 300° ~ Rajah memunjukkan kedudukan P,Q and R = 22? Uta Utara Utara Utara@ ) © 0) BUMISEBAGAIBULATAN EARTH AS A SPHERE Longitades [ x°T or y°B] U Utara $ Selatan T Timur B Barat u Bulatanbesar Greenwich Meridian messin ‘Longitude 0°) (sepamuh bulatan besa) 10T s ROR Latitudes [ x°U or 3°8 J N Taide dt fo Khatalistwa iSite pass) Latitude sla oe SES PERBEZAAN ANTARA DUA LOGITUDE ATAUPUN LATITUDE, Difference between longitudes or latitudes 30 30'S Beza dua longitudes, 8 Beza dualatimdes, @ sama arah => 0 = cari perbezean sana arak => @=cari perbezaan Contoh = Comintia 20F, SUE => 8=50- ONSEN: SS P= 30°W, 120°W > 9=120-30=90 30°S, 120°S => 8=120-30=90 + argh Derlainan => 0= cai jumnlah © arah Berlainan => 0 = catijuntah Contoh = Contoh : 10E, 7W > = 10+70=80 IGN, 10S > @=10-70=80 + ifthe sum of ovo angles of longituded > 180, > 0= 360 (the sum) Example : 120, 80°W = 6 =360-(120+80) =10(@ Find longitude, latimde Find longitude Find latiude = * * Example: ° ‘Example: om z NN) G0") Example t . 1 20W & (50) + [BOE] (509 > 80 40 oy (Giference ~if = +if ‘change dizection) 1 t + i DN ‘i vy + WV) J 5 E Example : wx lew OO 160%E + (50) + [150°W] + (50%) + 80°W u 4 . + (cum > 180 = (360 - sum)*change direction) | “cher. 30S) | ago-aunye —_(70°8) EATER (© Diameter ofthe earth, Diameter ofthe paral of latitude Example : x diameter ofthe x an Lape erate | Gon. sow i Fa tmee (E ao teeth es 5 - caged POPN, BOE, QG0S, 10° TT oO RON, 110%) latitude of P longitude of P= 80°E + PASS, 140°) 30°N 45 EFT ROGIER@ wo Distance om the surface ofthe aarth slong a meridian slong the equator N Ue — distance = @ « 60, N (=). ss We y) ey) = = distance =9% 60, imance = 6 60% cot. 0 = difterentin latitude 0 different in longitude = diferent in longitude ee = aetanee on ame Se ta Gems oa shortest diaance = (180 2a) = 60 shorest distance =m a+) 60 Remark + = mot =mnit of speed ae unce = speed = ane Example = ‘The diagram shows four pel 30°W. QR isthe diameter 5. P, QR and X, on the surface ofthe cath. P lies on tonginude of Tne parallel of latude of 50°N. X lies 2820 nautica miles due south @ o © @ Find the position of Calealate the shortest distance, i aautieal miles, from Qts 2. meamurad aloag the surface of the eth Find the ltitade of ‘Aa acroplane look off fom P andew due west to R ‘long the parallel of latitude with an average speed of 600 knots. Calculate the me, im hours, taken for the fight () longitudeor Q=80-W ~ 35 = 45-W GON, 155°5) (©) different intongimde of QR~ 180° (QR = 180" 60 ~con 50. — 1042163 (©) different iniatitade of PX = 582 = 07% laitadeot X= 50% - 97 = 47°S (@) different intongitude of RR: PR=TIS%60 = 8700 us time 14.5hours ng the parle of iatnde, j= 5(a) ) © (31) PLANS AND ELEVATIONS ‘Typesoflines are used when drawing the plans and elevations of solids © ‘thick solid lines, (————— ) = visible edges caste samp) © thick dashed lines (— —-- ) = hidden or unvisible edges _gaiapus tu isi terindug) Plansand elevations front devaton — pang dean S + Side devation pentane si, —_W_—. T_T <—rerarsoarecam Plan Viewed fiom X | Viewed irom Y TEE RETO