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FIGMM 2016-I.
PUZOLANA
Tambin conocido como ceniza puzolnica, es un material silceo o silceo/aluminoso que reacciona con
el hidrxido de calcio en presencia de agua a temperatura ambiente. En esta reaccin, se forman
compuestos hidratados de aluminio y calcio e hidratos de silicato clcico insolubles que poseen
propiedades cementantes. La designacin puzolana se deriva de uno de los depsitos primarios de
ceniza volcnica utilizados por los romanos en Italia, en Pozzuoli. Hoy en da la definicin de puzolana
abarca cualquier material volcnico (piedra pmez o ceniza volcnica), compuesto predominantemente
de vidrio volcnico fino, que se utiliza como una puzolana.
ORIGEN
COMPOSICIN QUMICA
La composicin qumica de puzolana es variable y refleja el tipo de actividad volcnica regional. SiO2
siendo el componente qumico principal, pmez alterados y cenizas caen en el intermedio (52-66% de
SiO2 en peso) y rocas cidas (> 66% en peso de SiO2) tpicos de los intervalos de composicin de los
tipos de rocas vidriosas esbozados por la IUGS. Bsico (45-52% en peso de SiO2) y ultrabsico (<45%
en peso de SiO2) piroclsticos se usan menos comnmente como puzolanas. Al 2O3 est presente en
cantidades sustanciales en la mayora de las puzolanas, Fe2O3 y MgO solo estn presentes en
proporciones menores, como es tipos de roca tpicos o ms cidos. CaO y el contenido alcalinos son
generalmente modesta pero pueden variar sustancialmente de puzolana a puzolana.
MINERALOGIA
La composicin mineralgica de las rocas piroclsticas inalterados est determinada principalmente por
la presencia de fenocristales y la composicin qumica del magma progenitor. El componente principal
es vidrio volcnico tpicamente presentes en cantidades superiores a 50% en peso. Minerales asociados
tpicos se presentan como grandes fenocristales como miembros de la plagioclasa feldespato serie de
solucin slida. En las rocas piroclsticas en el que predominan los lcalis que el Ca, K-feldespato,
sanidina o albita (Na-feldespato). Leucita est presente en las puzolanas K-rico, pobre en slice. El
cuarzo es por lo general presentes en cantidades menores en puzolanas cidas, mientras que piroxenos
y/o fenocristales de olivino se encuentran a menudo en los materiales ms bsicos. Tambin se
encuentran xenocristales o fragmentos de roca incorporados durante los actos violentos eruptiva y
depositacin. Zeolita, CT palo y minerales de arcilla estn a menudo presentes en cantidades menores
como productos de alteracin del vidrio volcnico.
USO
La puzolana es abundante en ciertos lugares y se utiliza ampliamente como una adicin al cemento
Portland en pases como Italia, Alemania, Kenia, Turqua, China y Grecia. En comparacin con otros
materiales industriales, subproductos de puzolana que se caracterizan por cadenas ms grandes en la
composicin y una mayor variabilidad en las propiedades fsicas. La aplicacin de puzolana en el
cemento Portland es controlada principalmente por la disponibilidad local de depsitos adecuados y la
PERUVIAN POTENTIAL
Tenemos potencial de puzolana en rocas volcnicas recientes, piedra pmez y otros. La actividad
volcnica en el Per es la principal caracterstica del Cenozoico, pero depsitos puzolana puede existir
desde el Precmbrico hasta el Cuaternario.
POZZOLANA
Also known as pozzolanic ash, is a siliceous or siliceous and aluminous material which reacts with
calcium hydroxide in the presence of water at room temperature. In this reaction insoluble calcium silicate
hydrate and calcium aluminate hydrate compounds are formed possessing cementitious properties. The
designation pozzolana is derived from one of the primary deposits of volcanic ash used by the Romans
in Italy, at Pozzuoli. Nowadays the definition of pozzolana encompasses any volcanic material (pumice
or volcanic ash), predominantly composed of fine volcanic glass, that is used as a pozzolan.
ORIGIN
The major pozzolanically active component of volcanic pumices and ashes is a highly porous glass. The
easily alterable, or highly reactive, nature of these ashes and pumices limits their occurrence largely to
recently active volcanic areas. Most of the traditionally used natural pozzolans belong to this group, i.e.,
volcanic pumice from Pozzuoli, Santorin earth and the incoherent parts of German trass.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
The chemical composition of pozzolana is variable and reflects the regional type of volcanism. SiO2 being
the major chemical component, most unaltered pumices and ashes fall in the intermediate (5266 wt%
SiO2) to acid (>66 wt% SiO2) composition range for glassy rock types outlined by the IUGS. Basic (45
52 wt% SiO2) and ultrabasic (<45 wt% SiO2) pyroclastics are less commonly used as pozzolans. Al2O3
is present in substantial amounts in most pozzolanas, Fe2O3 and MgO are present in minor proportions
only, as is typical or more acid rock types. CaO and alkali contents are usually modest but can vary
substantially from pozzolana to pozzolana.
MINERALOGY
The mineralogical composition of unaltered pyroclastic rocks is mainly determined by the presence of
phenocrysts and the chemical composition of the parent magma. The major component is volcanic glass
typically present in quantities over 50 wt%. Typical associated minerals present as large phenocrysts are
members of the plagioclase feldspar solid solution series. In pyroclastic rocks in which alkalis
predominate over Ca, K-feldspar such as sanidine or albite Na-feldspar are found. Leucite is present in
the K-rich, silica-poor Latium pozzolanas. Quartz is usually present in minor quantities in acidic
pozzolanas, while pyroxenes and/or olivine phenocrysts are often found in more basic materials.
Xenocrysts or rock fragments incorporated during the violent eruptional and depositional events are also
encountered. Zeolite, opal CT and clay minerals are often present in minor quantities as alteration
products of the volcanic glass.
USE
Pozzolana is abundant in certain locations and is extensively used as an addition to Portland cement in
countries such as Italy, Germany, Kenya, Turkey, China and Greece. Compared to industrial by-product
pozzolans they are characterized by larger ranges in composition and a larger variability in physical
properties. The application of pozzolana in Portland cement is mainly controlled by the local availability
of suitable deposits and the competition with the accessible industrial by-product supplementary
cementitious materials. In part due to the exhaustion of the latter sources and the extensive reserves of
pozzolana available, partly because of the proven technical advantages of an intelligent use of pozzolana,
their use is expected to be strongly expanded in the future.
PERUVIAN POTENTIAL
We have pozzolana potential on recent volcanic rocks, pumice and others. Volcanic activity in Per is the
main characteristic of Cenozoic, but pozzolana deposis may exist since Precambrian to Quaternary.