PLANT /

ANIMAL
DESCRIPTION EXPLANATION
CELL
PART
It provides shape to the cell. The cell membrane is also known as the
It is semi-permeable, plasma membrane. It is the outermost
Cell
regulating the entry and exit covering of the animal cell. It protects the
Membrane
of substances, namely cell and regulates the entry and exit of
solutes and ions. substances, namely ions and solutes.
It provides protection, shape
The cell wall is the outermost covering of
and rigidity to the cell. It is
the plant cell made up of cellulose, and
freely permeable, allowing
surrounds the cell membrane. It protects
Cell Wall substances in the form of
the cell, provides mechanical support and
solutions to enter and leave
is responsible for maintaining pressure
the cell without any
inside the cell.
hindrance.
The centrosome of the animal cell
It initiates and regulates cell
contains one or two centrioles, and is
division. It also helps in
Centrosome surrounded by microtubules or the
forming spindle fibres, with
centrosphere. It initiates and regulates
the help of asters.
cell division.
It is a plastid, containing a
The chloroplast of the plant cell is a
pigment called chlorophyll.
green-colored plastid. Chlorophyll
This chlorophyll captures
contained in the chloroplast captures
Chloroplast energy from sunlight and
energy from sunlight and helps in the
helps in the manufacture of
manufacture of food by the process of
food by the process of
photosynthesis.
photosynthesis.
It is a plastid, containing The chromoplast of the plant cell is a
pigments such as plastid that is colored differently in
xanthophyll (yellow in color) different cells. It contains pigments such
Chromoplast and carotene (orangish-red as xanthophyll (yellow in color) and
in color). These pigments carotene (orangish-red in color). It
impart color to flowers and imparts color to flowers and fruits of
fruits of plants. plants.
It is the house of all
metabolic activities and The cytoplasm is composed of a mixture
functions in the cell. In other of water and soluble organic & inorganic
Cytoplasm words, it contains most of compounds, and contains most of the cell
the cell organelles, each of organelles. It is the house of all metabolic
which perform a specific functions and activities of the animal cell.
function.
Endoplasmic It provides support to the The endoplasmic reticulum consists of

cell. It also helps in the
Reticulum synthesis and transport of
proteins and fats.
It synthesizes and secretes
certain substances, namely
Golgi
hormones and enzymes. It
Apparatus
also helps in the formation of
acrosome of sperm.
It is a plastid. It helps in the
Leucoplast
storage of starch.
It performs intracellular
digestion. It also helps in
Lysosome
destroying foreign
substances.
It is the site of ATP
(Adenosine triphosphate)
Mitochondrion synthesis. It also
synthesizes respiratory
enzymes.
Nuclear It is semi-permeable,
Membrane allowing substances to enter
and leave the nucleus of the
cell. It also provides
protection to the nucleus of
tubular structures (convoluted tubules)
lying near the nucleus. It provides
support to the plant cell and the animal
cell. It is of two types, namely the smooth
endoplasmic reticulum (does not have
ribosomes attached to it) and the rough
endoplasmic reticulum (has ribosomes
attached to it).
The golgi apparatus of the animal cell
consists of flat vesicular structures placed
one on top of the other. It synthesizes
and secretes certain substances, namely
hormones and enzymes.
The leucoplast of the plant cell is a
colorless plastid. It helps in the storage of
starch.
The lysosome of the animal cell is a
membranous sac budded off from the
golgi apparatus, and contains several
types of enzymes. It performs
intracellular digestion and destroys
foreign substances.
The mitochondrion of the cell has two
layers of membrane, of which the inner
one is folded to form cristae. It is the site
of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)
synthesis.
The nuclear membrane is the covering of
the nucleus of the cell, and has
numerous pores. It allows substances to
enter and leave.
 the cell.
It synthesizes proteins by
producing and storing RNA The nucleolus is contained in the nucleus
(Ribonucleic acid). At the of the cell, and is round in shape. It
Nucleolus
same time, it orders synthesizes proteins by producing and
ribosomes to synthesize storing RNA (Ribonucleic acid).
proteins.
It contains chromatin fibres,
which are made up of DNA The nucleoplasm is a dense fluid
(Deoxyribonucleic acid). containing chromatin fibres, which are
After cell division takes made up of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid).
place, these chromatin fibres After cell division takes place, these
Nucleoplasm undergo certain structural chromatin fibres undergo certain
changes, and are called structural changes, and are called
chromosomes. These chromosomes. These chromosomes
chromosomes carry the carry the hereditary information of the
hereditary information of the genes.
genes.
The nucleus is the most important part of
It controls and coordinates
the cell, and contains large amounts of
all the activities and
Nucleus DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid). It controls
functions of the cell. It plays
and coordinates all the activities and
a vital role in cell division.
functions of the cell.
It is known as the 'site of
protein synthesis in the cell', The ribosome is chiefly composed of
Ribosome and synthesizes proteins. It RNA (Ribonucleic acid). It synthesizes
is chiefly composed of RNA proteins.
(Ribonucleic acid).
It helps in the storage of
water and several other The vacuole of the plant cell is a very
substances, namely food, large and abundant vesicle. It is filled with
Vacuole
waste products and fluids, and helps in the storage of water
pigments. It also provides and other substances.
turgidity to the cell.