‘Table 2.9 The PIE dorsal series. ‘Old Church on Hiwite Greek __Sanskrit__Latin__Gothic_Slavonic__Lithuanian Armenian Irish k k « z A . ¥ . k Fant kardia cor hairio —sridice Sirs sin ride win Sdn. canis und sus fun ‘i k k k k h ‘ k k k *hrewh;-‘esh, blood kréas—rivig- crores! tv kraajas oni “e tw et que hw we k k k skid luis ts aus eto as "ko who, what” hai quod wa ito * meaning ‘raw’: the form is Old NorseAAcchaic PIE Pre Proco-Cenrum) Sater pola s ‘ ar Lae ie and (or 8) lilo sdar HO = sal © © ‘ bit P P P Examples of unshifted stops PIE “brewH- > Ved. kravis- ‘gore’, G apéag, L eran Mr enitlood', Lith. ba PIE, “yagom ‘yoke’ > G feyir, L ingum:: Ved yup, OCS ie PLE, grav ‘graze’ > Ved. griate cat (of horses and cows), Gyo ‘nibble’, Cypriot ‘yoaohs imperat, L grimen < “gram ‘grass orig. “fodder! (The Gm. grate words are a chance resemblance PIE. “gem: growl, make a menacing noi > G xpinog racket, whinnying’ Go. gramjan PIE “égtorn- ‘norm? > Ler, OLith iru PIE “fein “grain’ > L.grinum, OF. crm, Slovene 2m IE gfone ‘goose’ G xnr-, O1G gens OF gis NE. gue Ved. hamid Lith, dae: PIE “arog > G ore march, Go. sega climt, Ve. oie