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A. FISH CULTURE
2. Stocking
Variety of food resources are abundant in the pond when pigs are integrated
in the farming. Pig dung promotes the growth ofphytoplanktons(and
ultimately zooplanktons) and macrophytesin the pond. Colonization of
microbes and Chirinomid larvae occurs on the detritus of the pond bottom
which serve as food for
bottom feeders. For
exploiting the food
resources, polyculture
of Indian major carps
like Catlacatla(catla),
Labeorohita(rohu),
Cirrhinusmrigala(mriga
l or naini),
2. Selection of pigs
Local breeds of pigs like Hurrah, Chwanche, Sano Banel, etc. are slow growing
and are poor breeders. For a successful fish cum pig farm, exotic pig breeds
like Hampshire, Large White Yorkshire, Landrace and even improved Nepali
breeds like Pakhribas black are recommended. These pigs are prolific
breeders with a litter size of about 6-12/farrowing and attain a slaughter
weight of 60-70kgs within 6 months. So, in the time period in which a stock of
fish is harvested(1 year), 2 lots of pigs attain slaughter maturity.
3. Feeding and healthcare of pigs
The dietary requirements of pigs is similar to that of ruminants. The pigs are
not allowed to go outside and are fed on balanced pig mash(mixture of 30kg
rice bran, 15 kg polished rice, 27 kg wheat bran, 10 kg broken rice, 10 kg
groundnut cake, 4 kg fish meal, 3 kg mineral mixture and 1 kg common salt)
@ 1.4kg/pig/day. To reduce the cost of feeding, spoiled vegetables like rotten
potatoes, eggs are boiled and then mixed with the mash.
Pigs are susceptible to various parasitic infections and diseases and thus can
suffer from diseases like swine fever, swine plague, swine pox and also can
become victims to endoparasites like roundworms, tapeworms, liver flukes,
etc. To control these infections, pigsties should be kept clean at all times. The
excreta should be drained off to the pond regularly. The pigs should remain
properly sanitized. Disinfection of the pigsties should be carried out at least
once a week. The animals should be vaccinated regularly against worms and
other diseases.
HARVESTING
Due to the abundance of natural food,some fish attain marketable size within a few
months instead of a year. Keeping in view the size attained, prevailing market rate,
demand of fish in the local market, partial harvesting of table size fish is done. After
harvesting partially, the stock in the pond is replenished with the same number
fingerlings as the fish are removed. Final harvest is done after 12 months of rearing.
Properly fed pigs=About 30-40 pigs each weighing 60-70kg each, twice a year
The nutrient rich excreta of pigs is utilized by the fish which could have
otherwise gone to waste.
It ensures proper land utilization and requires no extra land for piggery.
It results in the production of more animal protein per unit area.
It gives high profit at a relatively lower investment. Farmers can,in fact, start
making money just 6 months after starting the farm, once the pigs gain
slaughter maturity.
The muck deposited at the pond bottom can be used as rich manure for other
crops
The digestion in pig is incomplete and about 30% of the undigested feed is
excreted in feceswhich serves as direct food for fishes.In this system
supplementary fertilization and feeding are not tequired for fish culture.
The fish utilize the food spilled by pigs and their excreta which is very rich in
nutrients.
The pig dung acts as a substitute for pond fertilizer and supplementary fish
feed. Hence, the cost of fish production is greatly reduced.
No additional land is required for piggery operations.
Cattle fodder required for pigs and grass are grown on the pond
embankments.
Pond provides water for washing the pig - sties and pigs.
It results in high production of animal protein per unit area.
It ensures high profit through less investment.
The pond muck which gets accumulated at the pond bottom due to constant
application of pig dung can be used as fertilizer for growing vegetables and
other crops and cattle fodder.
The pig dung acts as excellent pond fertilizer and raises the biological
productivity of the pond and consequently increases fish production.
Some of the fishes feed directly on the pig excrete which contains 70 percent
digestible food for the fish.