Mdulo 7.

Unidad II. Preguntas

ndice

Introduccin

1. Eventos histricos en el mundo y en mi pas

1.1 Inventos
1.2 Lectura: Past inventions that changed our lives
1.3 Eventos importantes en el mundo Siglos XIX y XX
1.4 Eventos importantes en Mxico Siglo XX
1.5 Pasado simple
1.6 Lista de verbos irregulares

2. Historia de ciencia y vida

2.1. Pasado simple
2.2 Vocabulario: personajes de la historia

3. Biografa de una mujer de ciencia

3.1 Expresin del tiempo: preposiciones y adverbios
3.2 Vocabulario: nmeros y fechas

4. Siglo XX en Mxico
4.1 Vocabulario: etapas de la vida
4.2 Ejercicio

5. Lugares histricos
5.1 Vocabulario: lugares histricos
5.2 Ejercicio

6. Visita al museo
6.1 Countable and uncountable nouns
6.2 Some, any, much, many
6.3 Vocabulario: comida

Fuentes de consulta

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Introduccin
En la vida cotidiana es comn hablar sobre sucesos de la historia de nuestro pas
o del mundo que definieron las caractersticas de nuestra vida en la actualidad.
Identificamos personajes del pasado e incluso objetos sin los cuales la vida hoy
no sera la misma. Conocer la historia de nuestro entorno local y del mundo, as
como poder compartir con otros esta informacin, nos permite reconocernos
como individuos y como seres sociales.

El objetivo de la unidad es proporcionarte herramientas para que logres compartir

informacin relevante sobre diferentes eventos histricos.

Indicadores

Hablaremos del pasado y aprenders a formular preguntas con el fin de obtener

informacin especfica sobre los acontecimientos de la historia y experiencias
vividas por personajes del pasado. Identificars y utilizaras las funciones del
lenguaje, las nociones gramaticales y vocabulario que te permitan expresar
cambios en el entorno, familiar, local, estatal, nacional y mundial.

1. Eventos histricos en el mundo y en mi pas

1.1 Inventos
Observa las imgenes qu es lo que ves?

Inventions That Changed the world

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1.2 Lectura: Past inventions that changed our lives

Can you imagine life in the past? What was life like? How did everyday life become
as it is today?

A couple of centuries ago telephone didnt exist. People didnt have a TV, because
there was no electricity. Families used candles to light their houses. Travelers took
several days or even months to go from one place to another and people died of
chickenpox Life was different!
How did things change? Human curiosity and human needs brought about
changes. Many great inventions took place during 19th and 20th centuries: light
bulbs, the first telephone and TV, the first aircraft and gasoline cars, the first
computer and Internet. These findings were the base of inventions that made our
lives easier.

Vocabulary
Century
Siglo
Couple
Par
Travelers
Viajeros
Chickenpox
Varicela
Several
Varios
Brought about
Trajo
Took place
Ocurri
Finding
Descubrimientos
Aircraft
Aeronave

Revisa la definicin de las palabras del cuadro Vocabulary y lee de nuevo el texto.
Identifica frases que describan acciones realizadas en el pasado.
Busca en el diccionario el signficado de las palabras y verbos que no conozcas.

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1.3 Eventos importantes en el mundo Siglos XIX y XX

En la historia de la humanidad sucedieron acontecimientos de gran importancia

que cambiaron el mundo. Observa las oraciones del cuadro History of scientific
events in the 19th and 20th centuries. Qu similitudes o diferencias identificas en
la escritura de los verbos?

History of scientific events in 19th and 20th centuries

Century Event Exact year

Samuel Morse invented the telegraph. 1838

Alexander Graham Bell improved telephone. 1876
Thomas Alva Edison created the lightbulb. 1879
19th
John L. Baird invented television. 1885
Augusto and Louis Lumiere popularized cinema. 1889
Marie Curie studied radioactivity and found polonium. 1898

The Wright brothers made the first flight in an aircraft. 1903

Albert Einstein developed the relativity theory. 1915
Karl Benz built the first gasoline car. 1925
20th
Alexander Fleming found penicillin. 1928
Konrad Zuse created the first computer. 1941
Tim Burtons-Lee brougth us the World Wide Web. 1989

Escribe los verbos en pasado en la siguiente lista y busca su

significado en el diccionario.

Verbos que terminan en ed Otros verbos

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1.4 Eventos importantes en Mxico Siglo XX

En Mxico, qu eventos histricos sucedieron en el siglo XX? A continuacin, se

mencionan algunos:

The 20th century

8 events in Mexicos history
Event

Mexican Revolution started in 1910.

Lzaro Crdenasannounced the nationalization of Mexicos petroleum
reserves on March 21st, 1938.
Vasconcelos created the Ministry of Public Education on October 12th, 1921.
Women got political participation rights on 17 October 1953.
Students began a protest towards democracy on October 2nd, 1968;
government repressed the meeting.
In 1985 society experienced an 8.1 earthquake that damaged Mexico City.
After the devaluation of the peso in December 1994, Mexico fell into a
financial crisis.

1.5 Pasado simple

Se usa el pasado simple para hablar de situaciones o eventos ocurridos y

concluidos en el pasado.

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Algunos verbos en pasado son regulares y terminan en ed.

Ejemplos:

Verbs ending in consonant -ed invent + ed = invented

Verbs ending in e , add -d change + d = changed
Verbs ending in consonant + y , use -ied study = studied

Otros verbos son irregulares y en pasado simple se escriben de una forma

distinta. Algunos ejemplos son:

Verbo Pasado simple Significa

do did hacer
have had tener
be was/were ser/estar
make made hacer
build built construir
find found encontrar
bring brought llevar/traer
take took tomar
*Puedes revisar una lista ms extensa de verbos irregulares en la
seccin vocabulario.

1.6 Lista de verbos irregulares

Verbo Pasado simple Significa

have had tener
become became convertirse
begin began empezar
bring brought traer
buy bought comprar

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catch caught atrapar

choose chose escoger/elegir
come came venir
do did hacer
drink drank beber
drive drove conducir
eat ate comer
find found encontrar
forget forgot olvidar
get got tomar/recibir
give gave dar
go went ir
know knew saber/conocer
lose lost perder
make made hacer
run ran correr
see saw ver
sleep slept dormir
speak spoke hablar
take took tomar
teach taught ensear
tell told contar/decir
think thought pensar
win won ganar
write wrote escribir

2. Historia de ciencia y vida

Mira la fotografa, sabes quin es? Se trata de una mujer muy importante en la
historia de la ciencia que vivi entre los siglos XIX y XX. En el pasado no era usual
que una mujer participara de esta forma en la vida pblica. Revisa la siguiente
informacin para saber de quin se trata.

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What was her name?

Her name was Marie Curie
What did she do?
She was a scientist and she discovered
radiation.
Did she win any important prize?
Yes, she did. She won two Nobel prizes.
Did she become a university professor?
Yes, she became the first woman professor at
the University of Paris.
How did she influence world science?
Her research influenced medical knowledge
and disease treatment.
Why did she die?
She died because of exposure to radiation.

2.2 Pasado simple

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Ejemplos del uso del pasado simple

Did Einstein develop the Relativity Theory?

Yes, he did.
Albert Einstein developed the Relativity Theory in 1915.

Did Marie Curie did her research on radiation?

Yes, she did.
She based her research on radiation and discovered uranium.

Did the Wright brothers fly the first aircraft in 19th century?
No, they didnt.
They flew the first aircraft until 20th century.

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2.3 Vocabulario: personajes de la historia

Ejemplos:

Frida Kalho was a famous surrealistic Mexican painter.

The scientist and artist Leonardo da Vinci dedicated his life to develop new
inventions.
Richard I, King of England, was a great military leader and warrior. He was
also known as Richard Lionheart.
Ludwig van Beethoven was a musician born in Vienna in 1770.
Navigator Christopher Columbus discovered the Americas on an expedition
sponsored by Queen Isabella I in 1492.

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3. Biografa de una mujer de ciencia

Ahora que sabes quin fue esta gran investigadora revisa su biografa y conoce
algunas fechas importantes en su vida.

Biography

Marie Curie was born on 7 November 1867.

In 1891 she moved to France where she studied mathematics
and physics at Sorbonne.
She married in July 1895.
She discovered X-Ray in 1895.
She discoveredpolonium in 1898.
In the beginning of the 20th century, she became the first female professor at
the University of Paris.
She conducted pioneering research onradioactivity and she was the first
woman to win a Nobel Prize in 1903.
In 1906 her husband died in an accident.
She won her second Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911.
Curie died in France on 4 July 1934, because of exposure to radiation.

3.1 Expresin del tiempo: preposiciones y adverbios

At Se usa para expresar la hora o momento

at nine oclock.
at a time
en el que sucedi un evento.

In September
In Se usa para expresar un periodo de In 1980
tiempo en el que sucedi un evento: in the 1950s.
mes, ao, dcada, siglos y estaciones In 15th century
del ao. In winter

On Sunday
On Se usa para indicar una fecha precisa On February 14th, 1980 /
o un da de la semana. On 14 February 1980

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During Se usa para expresar el

During the year.
She moved to Paris during
intervalo de tiempo en el que ocurri
the war.
una accin en relacin con otro evento
The economy was weak
de mayor duracin.
during the 1990s

A long time ago

Ago Se usa para indicar el paso de un Centuries ago
periodo de tiempo. Decades ago
Years ago

Last Se usa para indicar el ltimo

Last year
Last decade
periodo.
Last century

Ejemplos:

In She was born in the 19th century, in 1815.

The social movement started in September.

On She was born on May 10th, 1954.

Independence movement started at midnight.

At She became professor at a time when only men did.

Ago Women got political participation decades ago.

Mexico City experienced an earthquake years ago.

Camarena invented Coler TV last century.

Last
Smartphones became popular last decade

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3.3 Vocabulario: nmeros y fechas

Ejemplos:

They needed a hundred years to solve the social crisis.

Eighty soldiers died in the battle.

Para indicar el ao de una fecha, separa los nmeros en pares.

Spelling Year

Nineteen + eighty-five = Nineteen eighty-five 1985

Eighteen + forty-two = Eighteen forty-two 1842

Para nombrar un periodo de tiempo:

Number of years

Decade 10
Century 100
Millenium 1000

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Ejemplos:

He was a famous philosopher in the 18th century

The nineteenth century had significant
developments in mathematics, physics.
His first year as a King was very difficult.

4. Siglo XX en Mxico
Pintura del siglo XX en Mxico

Durante el siglo XIX, a la par del desarrollo de la Revolucin Mexicana, las artes
tuvieron un gran auge en nuestro pas. Entre los pintores ms destacados de la
poca est Frida Kahlo cuya obra es reconocida internacionalmente.
Revisa su biografa para saber ms acerca de esta famosa pintora surrealista.

Frida Kahlos biography

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Frida Kahlo was an oustanding Mexican painter of the 20th century

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4.1 Vocabulario: etapas de la vida

4.2 Ejercicio

A continuacin, te presentamos una breve biografa de la familia de Frida Kahlo.

Identifica las etapas de la vida en las que se sitan los eventos descritos en las
siguientes oraciones.

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Relaciona las columnas

Her father, Guillermo Kahlo was born in 1872 in

adolescence
Germany.

When Guillermo Kahlo was a teenager, he moved to

childhood
Mexico.

Fridas mother got married when at the age of

middle age
twenty-two.

Frida had four sisters. They grew up at the Blue

old age / elderly
House.

Diego Rivera married when he was 42 years old. youth

When Frida died Diego was 68 years old. dead

Her husband died on 1957, in his seventies. birth

5. Lugares histricos
Los lugares emblemticos de cada pas estn determinados por su historia. En
todo el mundo existen lugares que hablan de la vida y cultura de las sociedades,
sitios como pirmides, fuertes, catedrales, puentes, prisiones, entre otros, hablan
del camino de la humanidad a travs del tiempo.

En muchos casos, las guerras o la necesidad de crear nuevas construcciones han

hecho que los vestigios arquitectnicos desaparezcan. A pesar de esto, an es
posible conocer muchos de estos lugares.

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Observa las siguientes imgenes.

Machu Pichu, Peru. Big Ben, England. Coliseum, Italy.

Saint Basils Cathedral, Stonehenge, United Acropolis, Greece.

Rusia. Kingdom.

Easter Island, Chile. Tulum, Mexico. Eiffel Tower, France.

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5.1 Vocabulario: lugares histricos

Revisa el vocabulario relacionado con lugares histricos.

Ejemplos:

Alcratraz Island was a prison. It is located in San Francisco Bay.

We had lunch at Luxembourg gardens.
Mayan temples are impressive.
St. Pauls Cathedral is in London.

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5.2 Ejercicio

Completa los espacios en blanco con los verbos en pasado

simple.

My friend Alex lives in London. Last year, I (visit) him and he

(take) me to visit the city. The first day we _______ (go) to
Buckingham Palace. I (not see) the Queen! Then we went to Trafalgar
Square and (feed) the pigeons. After lunch we (go) to the
National History Museum and we (stay) there all afternoon.
On Sunday morning we (go) to see Big Ben. After lunch we
(go) to the Tower of London. At the end of the afternoon we (be) tired.
We (go) back to Alexs house.

6. Visita al museo
Lee lo que menciona una gua en el museo de Crystal Bridges, en Arkansas, EE.UU.

In the museum a guide is speaking:

Welcome to Crystal Bridges Museum. In this museum we

have some permanent American paintings and some paintings
that belong to other museums just for a period of time. All
the paintings you see here, belong to contemporary art, so
we dont have any ancient paintings in the museum. We have
some paintings of Winslow Homer, andArthur Fitzwilliam Taits,
Jasper Johns, to name a few painters. Please enjoy the tour.

Entra al sitio del museo y ve qu exposiciones exhiben actualmente: http://

crystalbridges.org/

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Lee la siguiente conversacin. Identifica las palabras remarcadas.

Mariana: Hi Adriana, did you go to the supermarket?

Adriana: Yes, I did. I bought everything you told me to buy. I bought two
cartoons of milk, some oranges, some potatoes, some tomatoes and some
sugar.
Mariana: Great! Now we can have breakfast.
Adriana: Perfect! Im starving!
Mariana: Oh, did you buy any eggs?
Adriana: Ouch! I forgot. I didnt buy any eggs. Im sorry!
Mariana: Dont worry, we can prepare sandwiches for breakfast.

6.1 Countable and uncountable nouns

Countable nouns Uncountable nouns

Cosas que se cuentan Cosas que no se cuentan en cantidad

horse one horse tea Some tea

books two books sugar A kilo of sugar
eggs many eggs water A bottle of water
pencil ten pencils rice Much rice
computer two computers coffee Some coffee
potatoe three potatoes wine A glass of wine
orange one orange bread A loaf of bread

Se utilizan los cuantificadores como kilo,

Se utilizan nmeros o las palabras
bottle, glass, box, etctera.
some (algunos) o many (muchos)
Tambin se puede utilizar some (algo) o
para hablar de cantidad.
much (mucho).

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6.2 Some, any, much, many

Revisa la siguiente tabla con ejemplos donde se usa some, any, much y many.

some - algunos
any - alguno/ninguno
much - mucho
many - muchos

Ejemplos:

Look! There are some birds on the roof.

You have some butter on your chin.
How many bottles do you need?
If you are hungry, there are some granola bars in the cupboard.
I dont need any help.
How much milk did you drink?
Have you seen any good films recently?
I need many strawberries for the cake.
I didnt buy any cookies in the supermarket.
There is much ketchup on the plate.

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6.2 Vocabulario: comida

Food

eggs bacon ham cheese bread

huevos tocino/panceta jamn queso pan

milk tea coffee chicken mayonnaise

leche t caf pollo mayonesa

potatoe strawberry sugar cake honey

papa fresa azcar pastel miel

Puedes revisar la siguiente pgina para ms vocabulario de la comida:

https://es.speaklanguages.com/

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Fuentes de consulta
Bibliografa

Clandfield, L. y Pickering, K. (2010). Global Elementary Coursebook. Oxford:

Macmillan.

Dos Santos, M. (2010). MegaGoal1 Student book. Nueva York: MacGrawHill.

Loveday, P., et al. (2012). Take Away English 1 Student book. Nueva York:
MacGrawHill.

Vzquez, V. (2012). Mi mundo en otra lengua. Secretara de Educacin Pblica:

Mxico.

Bibliografa electrnica

Haquet (2010). How to talk about the past. [libro interactivo] Consultado el 3 de
mayo de 2015, disponible en http://chagall-col.spip.ac-rouen.fr/IMG/didapages/
pastsimple/index.html

Musacchio, Aldo (2012). Mexicos financial crisis of 1994-1995, nmero 12. Harvard
Business School Working Paper. Consultado el 4 de mayo de 2015, disponible en
http://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/9056792/12-101.pdf?sequence=1

Villareal ngeles, M. (2010). The Mexican Economy After the Global

Financial Crisis. Congressional Research Service. Consultado el 4 de mayo de 2015,
disponible en https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41402.pdf

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Sitios web consultados

Skillswise. English & maths for adults. Past, present or future tense. Consultado
el 3 de mayo de 2015, disponible en http://www.bbc.co.uk/skillswise/factsheet/
en32tens-l1-f-talking-about-the-simple-past

Oxford University Press USA. The Nationalization of Mexican Oil, Selected Primary
Documents. Consultado el 4 de mayo de 2015, disponible en http://global.oup.
com/us/companion.websites/9780195375701/pdf/SPD7_Nationalization_Mex_Oil.
pdf

Red Universitaria de Jalisco. Mxico. Disponible en http://www.udg.mx/es/

efemerides/17-octubre-0

SEP (2013). 3 de julio de 1955 por primera vez la mujer mexicana emite su voto.
Efemrides. Mxico: SEP. Disponible en https://www.sep.gob.mx/es/
sep1/3_de_julio

___ (2013). Historia de la SEP. Acerca de la SEP. Disponible en http://

www.sep.gob.mx/wb/sep1/sep1_Historia_de_la_SEP#.WAcg6eDhDIU

Global Nonviolent Action Database. Mexican students protest for greater

democracy, 1968. Consultado el 4 de mayo de 2015, disponible en http://
nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/mexican-students-protest-greater-
democracy-1968

CERN. Suiza. The bird of the web. Consultado el 4 de mayo de 2015, disponible en
http://home.web.cern.ch/topics/birth-web

Wikipedia. Jos Vasconcelos. Consultado el 4 de mayo de 2015, disponible en

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Vasconcelos

________. Marie curie. Consultado el 5 de mayo de 2015, disponible en http://

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie

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_________. Ricardo I de Inglaterra. Consultado el 6 de mayo de 2015, disponible en

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo_I_de_Inglaterra

_________. Ludwing van Beethoven. Consultado el 6 de mayo de 2015, disponible

en http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven

American Institute of Physics, Marie Curie. Her Story in Brief. Consultado el 5 de

mayo de 2015, disponible en http://www.aip.org/history/curie/brief/index.html

Nobelprize. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911. Consultado el 5 de mayo de 2015,

disponible en http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1911/
marie-curie-faq.html

VITUTOR. Preposiciones de tiempo. Consultado el 5 de mayo de 2015, disponible

en http://www.vitutor.com/gramatica_inglesa/prepositions/time_prepositions.html

Englishclub. Inglaterra. Vocabulary. Consultado el 5 de mayo de 2015, disponible

en https://www.englishclub.com/english-for-work/tour-guide-vocabulary.htm

Famous historic buildings. Reino Unido. Historical Places and Sites of the World.
Consultado el 5 de mayo de 2015, disponible en http://www.famous-historic-
buildings.org.uk/

Frida Kahlo Foundation. Frida Kahlo Biography. Consultado el 6 de mayo de 2015,

disponible en http://www.frida-kahlo-foundation.org/biography.html

Ingls prctico. Das de la semana, meses y fechas en ingls. Consultado el 6 de

mayo de 2015, disponible en http://www.ingles-practico.com/vocabulario/dias-
meses-fechas-ingles.html

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