Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
by
Adarne, Fe Isabel A.
2011170801
September 2015
ABSTRACT
There is about forty four percent (44%) of the Filipino childrens population that comprises of poor
children. Due to less economic opportunities that lead to family struggles, the children become
vulnerable and are prone to danger physically, emotionally, and mentally. Even though these children
are being brought to child care facilities, there are architectural problems that can be encountered
especially its institutionalized system` that affect the childrens human development. This also affects
the social awareness of the public about these facilities and their need of attention. Social welfares
have been adapted to providing a simple four walled shelter as they are only seen as temporary
facilities. The thesis proposal aims to develop social and conducive learning environment in the
orphanage complex through architectural strategies and innovations. These strategies include
introducing a productivity center where children can exhibit their works to the public and at the same
time, encourage social interaction so that they will be seen as children with potentials and skills. The
innovation of Biophilic elements will be introduced in the application of the design as an approach to
Keywords:
Orphanage
Biophilic
Conducive learning
Human development
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
In the fulfillment of this book, I would like to thank first the Lord our God for giving me
the strength and guidance in helping me make it all the way through all the hardships and in helping
me persevere in whatever outcome may be. I would specially like to thank my family for their
continuous support and for keeping me strong throughout this rough journey. A warm gratitude to
my advisers for their guidance and supervisions in making my thesis better and for helping us, the
students, do good in their thesis. I would like to also like to show my appreciation to my professors in
sharing their knowledge that helped me so much in the writing of my thesis. Last but not the least I
would like to thank my friends and classmates in helping me make it through all the difficulties and
also for understanding during situations when they needed my attention. This book would not have
been completed without these important people mention above and so I express my sincere gratitude
to them.
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Approval Sheet
Abstract
About the Author
Acknowledgement
PART 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND 1
i
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
ii
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
Introduction
vital support for vulnerable children who are in need of care and attention. Architecture plays an
important role in the well-being and life of a human by shaping their needed human development
especially at an early stage. Children, who are neglected, abused and abandoned, need spaces that
can reflect an environment that can trigger their cognitive, social and emotional development.
The thesis proposal aims to provide a place that will enhance their needed human
development by allowing opportunities for the orphan to engage with the society in a specific
environment. Included in the proposal is to apply the innovation of the biophilic design and to boost
the creativity, productivity, cognitive and psychological development of the children while achieving a
less negative impact on the built environment. It also aims to be a design towards creating healthy
The conducted study aims to assess the effects of the existing orphanages in the country in
consideration of the successful implementation and benefits from special attention of the orphanages.
The study contains data analysis regarding the aids in the orphanages along with the interpretations
of the gathered information. Using these information, the researcher shall give emphasis on the
strong points of the orphanages and specify also their weak points. Moreover, the study shall be a
potent tool in providing the countrys social welfare agencies, thus, he specific strengths of the
Biophilic innovation in its pursuit to provide a social and conducive learning environment for the
orphans.
This study may be used as a reference for other social welfares that focus on other
beneficiaries who also struggle in their needed development. This study stresses that the innovation
is a potent tool in improving the level of the nations orphaned childrens well-being, thus, should be
1
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
Due to less economic opportunities in the Philippines, there have been many Filipino family
struggles that lead to the inability to give the care that their children need. These children end up
being vulnerable due to lack of adequate care and protection. These children are prone to danger
physically, mentally and emotionally. Most would resort to means of committing crimes, begging,
human trafficking and others in order to survive. Most victims of this sort of acts are orphaned or
According to the Philippine Orphanage Foundation, there are approximately 2 million orphans
in the Philippines and there are roughly 15 orphans per square mile in the Philippines. UNICEF
estimated that there are 1.8 million orphans in the Philippines. Most orphaned or abandoned Filipino
children who are put up for adoption remain in social welfare institutions. Yearly, around hundreds of
children were declared legally available for adoption but with only a low rate of adoption by Filipino
families, according to the DSWD. In situations like this, it is important to provide more than basic
amenities and proper environment and education and more for the development of the child when
inappropriate design such as the interior and exterior, dull environment, and unsuitable space
planning and circulation. The exterior of a building that gives an important first impression to the
public remain simple, stiff that give an uncomfortable feeling to the public and this will indirectly
Globally, these problems usually occurred due to less concern or attention from being funded
by the government and are more focused on buildings that are able to stimulate the country's
economics, such as entertainment centre, shopping malls, heritage buildings or tourists attraction and
high rise buildings that are well designed for the privileged people.
The conditions of most existing institutional cares are designed as a purpose of a temporary
facility therefore focusing only on basic necessities and less on their development. More specifically,
What kinds of spaces do this type of residential care institution need today?
2
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
What is the appropriate design that will help engage in public interaction?
What is the appropriate design to achieve a properly built environment for the children to
What is the appropriate site for the childrens home and community where the children will
grow?
The goal is to develop a conducive learning environment to boost the cognitive development
of the child and the ability to explore and learn new skills. The objective is to apply a community
integrating design by providing communal spaces for social interaction for social growth. This can also
lead to children being able to learn how to take initiative and react positively to the challenges they
will face, and also learning to take responsibilities. The strategies include designing a childrens home
by providing a communal space to help develop social interaction and freedom to express and feel
less restricted. Included in the design strategy is the application of the Biophilic design innovation to
enhance their well-being and productivity while giving positive impact to the built environment.
The significance of the study is to give social awareness about social welfare institutions that
need attention. It will also give benefits to the built environment of the orphans and develop the
cognitive, social and emotional growth of the children users in the facility. It is also significant as
future reference for the design of social welfares that needs space for improvement in the design
towards providing comfort and ease for the beneficiaries and their need of architectural design
The studys scope will focus on the architectural design of existing residential care
institution and the behaviour of the orphans in the community. The study aims to understand the
space planning and the exterior and interior design of the existing building to determine the solution
on achieving the researchers goal and objective. It will also focus on methods to aid in the solution
of on-going concerns of residential care institution while achieving a sustainable design. The study
will be limited to institutionalized children in their community and how they are treated or provided by
the institutions.
3
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
Assumptions
Applying the Biophilic design will play as the critical factor of the building for the health
and well-being of both the users and the built environment. The combination of this innovation with a
cultural communal space is assumed to increase their educational and social skills. This innovation in
design is assumed to add improvement to the needed psychological and human development of the
Conceptual Framework
Due to the increase in population and fertility, especially in the NCR, there are also
increases in the need of social care services for these types of children. The formulated theory is to
balance the integration of three different functional spaces through a complex design while
4
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
Definitions of Terms
Abandoned child refers to a child who has no proper parental care or guardianship, or whose
parent(s) have deserted him/her for a period of at least three (3) continuous months, which
includes a founding.
Neglected child refers to a child whose basic needs have been deliberately unattended or
Vulnerable children are children under the age of 18 years and currently at high risk of
Biophilic design is an innovative way of design that incorporates elements derived from
Acronyms
5
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
Children of the street make up around 25%-30% of the street children in the Philippines as
stated by A Better Life foundation. They make their homes on the street and often create a family
with their fellow street children. Some of them still have family ties, but do not visit them and some
even see these ties as bad. While as for completely abandoned children, making up approximately
5%-10% of the street children in the Philippines have no family ties and are entirely on their own for
Senator Pia Cayetano, the chairperson of the Senate Committee on Youth, Women and
Family Relations, said that up to 100 children are abandoned and turned over to the Department of
The national statistics coordination board (NSCB)s statistics states that the regions with the
most number of child abuse cases served are NCR, Central Visayas, Central Luzon, Cagayan Valley,
and Zamboanga Peninsula; rating NCR the highest. By category, more than one-half of abused
children served by the DSWD have either been abandoned or neglected, comprising the most
The table presentation from the council of childrens welfare (2011) shows the number of
cases that the DSWD served. The table summarizes that the highest rate among the cases served are
the neglected, abandoned and abused children that are under the protection of DSWD, NCR.
Table 1
5,691 total cases served by the DSWD in 2011, Source: PPB-DSWD, CY 2011,
Preliminary, as of Feb.2012
Types of Abuse Total Male Female
1. Abandoned 884 511 373
2. Neglected 2327 1192 1135
3. Sexually Abused 1401 29 1,372
3.1 Rape 885 15
3.2 Incest 401 9
3.3 Acts of 115 5
Lasciviousness
4. Sexually Exploited 116 4 112
4.1 Victims of 47 0
Prostitution 34 1
4.2 Victims of 2 0
Pedophilia 33 3
4.3 Victims of
Pornography
6
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
Though these children are being brought to institutional cares, Loukia Agathokleous report
regarding institutional cares concluded that it is important for children to be raised in an environment
that should not only be focused on accommodation and food, but on providing them a home, where
the children will feel secured and free to be themselves. Furthermore, it is important that the children
are given the care needed to enhance the different human developments needed. The architecture,
the landscape, the environment of the orphanage and also the facilities that will take place within the
orphanage will become the place where new memories will be made and experiences that the
As stated by Kevin Browne, institutional cares may also bring risk of harm to the children
when particular important cares are neglected. An important example is the human interaction that
when neglected, one may cause some parts of the childs brain to never be triggered and may easily
cause lower IQs. Likewise, the lack of toys and playgrounds, where the childrens imagination and
creativity can be intrigued and gain knowledge about their abilities, creates problems in their motor
skills and even language abilities since they are not used to communicating and playing with other
children. Kevin Browne also stated that most orphanages that are overcrowded can cause children a
loss of their identity, since they are not treated as individuals but rather as a group of children.
Based on the study of Valerie Rachel Herrera (2012) who also worked in orphanages, the
provided children in its care with shelter, bedrooms, bathrooms, dining, living room, library,
occasionally in-house schooling, outdoor spaces, and gathering space (usually chapel or small
auditorium). These spaces typically separated the orphan youth by age, gender, race, and class.
7
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
The limitations provided in these historical models of orphanages due to the introverted
internalized world is that the orphanages were primarily focused on the safety of its orphan youth,
the orphanages became isolated and merely secluded to society; though not all orphanages
disregarded the integration and interaction of the public. Like many urban schools, orphanages
divided the outside world and in the inside world producing a restricting or eliminating public
engagement. Many orphan youth never went outside the orphanage grounds without a supervisor,
causing many of the orphan youth to not understand the ordinary urban life as typical childrentheir
age should understand. This causes lack of independence and limited social interaction.
program must be composed primarily of four parts which are the Residential, Educational, Cultural
and Communal.
The Residential space primarily operates as a home for various age groups simultaneously.
The spaces required for the residential space are bedrooms, bathrooms, living rooms, dining,
playrooms, and outdoor gardens. The educational space would provide education for the orphan
youth. Provided in the school spaces are classrooms, lecture hall, playground, offices, library, and art
studios. The cultural venues within the orphanage will allow the orphan youth to have the opportunity
to engage the public in specific and controlled environments. These spaces will include performances,
athletics, exhibition, and reception. As for the communal spaces, all of the three previous mentioned
LOCAL:
services aimed at preventing and responding to abuse and exploitation of children in the Philippines.
Bahay tuluyan is located in Manila, Laguna and Quezon, delivering social services and programs on
Bahay Tuluyan provides shelter for children only as a last resort and for the shortest possible
time. Designed to provide an environment as close to a family as possible, children are housed in
small group family style accommodation where they live with house parents. Older children are given
8
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
the opportunity to live semi-independently in group homes, developing important skills for their
Children in shelter are provided with all of their basic needs and are assisted to continue or
start formal education. A variety of programs aimed at promoting healthy participation, healing and
recovery are also provided. Children are actively involved in planning and running Bahay Tuluyan's
shelters. The center in Laguna cares predominantly for girls while the center in Quezon cares
Sinag Center: An emergency and short term shelter for up to 24 children in need of special
Drop In Center: A place where children living or working on the street can take a bath, play, rest, eat
and access social services. Including 'Clare's Classroom', a bridge classroom for out-of-school street
Makabata Guesthouse & Caf: A social enterprise and youth training program which includes a cafe,
guest accommodation and function rooms. The guesthouse and cafe serves as a training center for
young people where they gain valuable skills as part of our Independent Living Skills program while
The Building will be able to benefit at least 50,000 children over the next 10 years, with a
Bahay Tuluyan will run a variety of programs and services from its center in Manila including:
4. Alternative Education
5. Community Organizing
9. Self-Reliance
9
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
Bahay Tuluyans Drop-in Center in Manila is their new center that is operational during the
day when children, particularly those living or working on the street, can visit the center. The Drop In
Center will be a place where children can wash, rest, play, become involved in activities and access
social services.
10
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
Bahay Tuluyan Victoria is located in Barangay Masapang Victoria, Laguna. Just south of
Laguna de Bay and 90km from Manila, Victoria is a fourth class municipality composed of 9 Barangays
(7 rural and 2 urban) and a total population of approximately 33,829 over 22.83 km2.
that includes a research & training center, organic farm, residential shelter for girls, recreational
4. Alternative Education
5. Community Organising
FOREIGN:
The Jones Child Study Center is located at 2425 Atherton Street in Berkley, California. It
is a few blocks south of the University of California campus on a one-block long street that receives
relatively little traffic. The immediate neighborhood is mostly apartment buildings and older homes
that have been subdivided into units. Many university students live in the vicinity.
11
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
The centers play yards are surrounded by a six-foot wooden fence that provides noise
buffering and a visual screen for those inside and creates low-key street presences. The facility itself
is inward focused, with only a relatively narrow opening into Atherton Street. Both play yards open
directly from their respective indoor areas, and both back onto Haste street, a one-way fairly small
SUCCESSFUL FEATURES
4. Climbing structure offering diversity, backout and view of street over fence.
7. Children able to take things from storage and return them by themselves.
UNSUCCESSFUL FEATURES
5. Transition area just outside classroom not buffered enough from rest of the yard
6. No real eddy space just inside or outside door to stop and stir up activity without
blocking traffic
7. No natural area
appropriate
12
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
This SOS complex for orphaned children is located in the residential outskirts of the city of
Aqaba, on the Red Sea. A prerequisite of SOS Villages International is that they should be built within
an existing social environment, so that they are not isolated from the urban context of the town or
city they are in. This was the second such village to be constructed in Jordan; the first was in the
capital, Amman, and a third, in Irbid, was completed in 2000. (All three were designed by Jafar Tukan
& Partners.) The architecture is attractive, well designed and sincere, and represents a modern
interpretation of the local vernacular stone building. The scale of the village is dictated by its
environmentally friendly design, and is also related to the scale of the children themselves within a
contained and intimate urban setting. The complex comprises eight family houses, a staff house, an
administration building, a guest house and the village directors residence; all are planned around a
village square and connected via pedestrian paths, gardens and alleyways. Vaulted archways lead to
shaded courts, while gardens surround the buildings both within and on the edge of the village. On
the southern border of the site, close to the main road, are located facilities that are shared with the
13
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
The research design will be a combination of descriptive and case studies in order to
determine the situation of orphanages factually and accurately. This research design also aims to
The method of research to be used in achieving the required data will be an interactive
interview method with the staff members handling the operation of the orphanage to gain
information needed to know the process and also their concerns in orphanages. An interview may
also be conducted with the orphans that are capable in answering interviews in order to know their
different opinions regarding their comfort and satisfaction that the orphanages provide them. This
direct discussion approach will be initiated to determine their preferences in having a comfortable and
productive area to express themselves. Another method is through a case study to determine the
14
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
existing architectural problem in the focused building type. This can also contribute to becoming a
descriptive analysis on the proposed innovation as an improvement to the designs of the existing
orphanages.
The research instrument will be through an oral questionnaire in measuring the responses of
the intended respondents from the questions asked. Natural observation may also be commenced
while conducting case studies to encounter the actual experience being on the studied building.
The combination of both instruments will contribute in the evaluation of the data analysis
The research locale chosen for this study is St. Ritas orphanage because it is one of the
oldest and longest living orphanage which could be used as reference for a traditional based design.
Second is the Childs Hope Asia which is a community based organization that provides services to
children on the streets. Child hope has been serving for many years, therefore, makes it a target
locale since they can provide vast knowledge on what needs the children in the streets need in an
institutional care facility. These two research locals will help in determining the existing problem and
benefits of the traditional orphanage as well as for the community based and combined together the
The population universe will emphasize on the facilitators due the vast knowledge they have
on the orphanages; and orphans will also be focused on obtaining the required information regarding
their personal preference of comfort and their experience in living and using of the facilities of the
orphanage. Attaining this information will contribute to the information regarding the needs on the
design for orphanages. This experience will also help in observing their actual expression while being
interviewed.
The sampling method to be used is the probability sampling in the selection of individuals
from the population to represent the population. The participants will be chosen in the preference of
15
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
the researcher in the basis of their knowledge level. The intended samples may be few but focused
Descriptive statistics will be the statistical treatment of the study to summarize and describe
the data that have been collected on the research samples. The data will be treated through
naturalistic observation by means of describing the situation through the observation as it occurs.
From the interview with the social worker of St. Rita orphanage, the orphanage they
operate focuses on providing the basic needs of the orphan kids. These facilities include the
residential care for the orphans and the caregivers and other facilitators. As observed, the orphanage
operates like a house that composes of main areas such living, sleeping, kitchen and dining areas.
Other added facilities include offices for the directress and staff and also recreational areas for the
children.
Miss Mcclaine also explained that one of the problems children encounter that concerns
them is their delay in talking and interacting. However, with their fellow children, they are able to
express to one another. She recommends that the children should have a more creative environment
where they could express and have their minds explore and be creative because it is an important
As for the interview with the program manager of Child Hope Asia, she recommends a design
that focuses on helping the orphans to become independent as they grow, such as household and
livelihood activities since they could be served as their therapy and learning how to take
responsibilities. She also recommends facilities like counselling for children who undergo psychological
problem due to past experiences in order for them to express their negative thoughts. In terms of
design she recommends the design to be cushioned and safe for these types of children tend to hurt
themselves. Other space she recommends is a play area and a facility that is rounded in spirituality
From the conducted case study, it is observed that the activities of the children are
scheduled and follows a routine. Most of their time are spent on their sleeping quarters with the
others while they are being watched by the caregivers even while doing other activities. In terms of
16
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
architectural design it is observed that it is designed like a typical home where all of the basic
INTERVIEW 1:
From the interview with Ms. Donna Mcclaine, she explained that orphans are brought to the
orphanage depending on the case of the child so as to determine the orphanage that is appropriate
for the child. Children will be brought from the hospital or the DSWD by processing the needed
The profiles of orphans they cater are foundlings, abandoned at hospitals, and brought from
the department of social welfare and development. Although they focus less on children with special
needs, they were able to cater of one child with mental challenges and two other children with
physical challenges. Children with these special needs are brought to therapy.
Their orphanage handles a capacity of 25 orphans with the 26th being their mentally
challenged one that is now being under the care of the orphanage. Their orphans range from ages 0-
6 years old. St. Rita has a program where the kids have monthly exposure outside for their social
needs.
Orphans are welcomed to stay at any age until they are adopted. Sometimes when children
have mental cases, they conduct therapy there, and when no one is willing to adopt them, they are
willing to let them stay at the orphanage. Their concern on the cases of the children is when they are
delayed at talking or expressing themselves. She explains further that it is normal for institutionalized
children, however, it also worries her because this kind of development of a child is important.
Their facilities focus on residential care since they cater young toddlers. St. Rita once had a
school that was built for the orphanage but closed down due to less use from the orphans because of
fast adoption in their terms. The school is now being used by the public. The education they provide
17
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
is a learning center for the toddlers, and for children who have been staying at a quite older age, are
being provided education either at the St. Rita School or outside (see Appendix A for list of Academic
Programs). The activities that the orphans perform in the orphanage are coloring, basic learning
activities where care givers will teach them, they have play time in the play room or sometimes
outside, other basic needs like eating and taking a bath, and also tv viewing.
Other structures aside from the orphanage and school, is a chapel and convent for the
congregation association of recollect sisters who handle and also fund the orphanage. The orphanage
INTERVIEW 2:
A oneon-one discussion was conducted with Ms. Ester Coles, a program manager of
Childhope Asia. Their programs on helping street children are being done outside or anywhere on the
street. Childhope Asia was a targeted respondent for this research to understand their views on the
needs of the children they have encountered. Ms. Coles is made a participant due to her knowledge
on orphanages. Her expertise is based on what she has observed and her knowledge on the
The first part of discussion was about her preference in the type of structure and its location.
She mentioned that there are orphanages that due to smaller lots, the orphanages strategy was to go
for a high rise type. However, she prefers the structure type to be one or two storey and less high
rise, to appear much homey. Her preferred location for an orphanage would be a rural environment
that is adjacent to Manila such as Cavite, Laguna or Bulacan. This is because rural environments are
She mentioned their center named Tahanan Sta Luisa, and described their architectural
features. The building composes of a basement and the first level with a mezzanine level. Their
center caters females from ages around 12 and 18 that have been abused. Their sleeping areas are
at the lower level while the offices are at the main level. Activities that these orphans perform in the
18
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
center are household training to introduce them to independent living and learning home economics
when they will be living on their own. She recommends a facility for this sort of activity.
She has also describe the successful features of an orphanage that she believes are good
impact to the children, such as the organic farm of Bahay Tuluyan in Laguna so children could learn
about rural life while having a sense of livelihood with a fresh environment.
Regarding the insights on having a visual arts center for an orphanage as a communal space,
she agrees on the proposed facility for it can serve as an art therapy for the children to express
themselves and boost their creativity. She also agrees that it can be feasible and be used by children
from ages 3 6, since this is the age where they can paint and learn and also explore. She also
agrees on having a nursing school or a day care facility for toddlers since some orphanages have
She recommends facilities like counselling for children who underwent psychological problem
due to past experiences. This facility, to her, is important for the children to express their negative
thoughts. She recommends the design to be cushioned and safe for these types of children who tend
to hurt themselves. Other spaces she recommends is a play area and a facility that is rounded in
spirituality for the childrens spiritual growth such as a chapel or prayer room.
CASE STUDY:
The St. Rita orphanage caters a residential area for a total number of 25 children from ages 0
6 and also for the caregivers. The orphanage is a two storey structure being divided into two parts
which is the semi-public and the private area. The semi-public area is used by the staff, caregivers,
and orphans. When visitors come to visit, the visitors, living and porch are open to them to interact
19
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
Figure 166 Living Area. A semi public Figure 17 Dining area. Shared with the
private area for visitors, caregivers, caregivers and is shared with the kitchen and
facilitator and children to socialize divided from dishwashing area.
o Conference
The second level of the orphanage is privately zoned for it serves as a sleeping area for the
children and care givers. Their sleeping areas are named as toddlers room for children of ages 3-6
and Nursery rooms for children ages 0-2. Along with the sleeping area are the following:
o Comfort rooms;
20
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
-
Figure
- 18 Nursery 1. For Figure 17 Nursery 2. For orphan babies ranging from
orphan
- babies ranging from months to 2 years old to 3. Has a connected
months to 1 year old. This caregivers room where supplies are kept and may also
-
area is an extension from serve
-
Nursery 2.
- Figure 19 Toddlers room for 3-6 years old. Has a Divided partition Area that serves
as their dressing area.
o Comfort rooms.
The orphanage also has surrounding buildings that contribute in the functional goals of the
orphanage. These areas compose of the following:
21
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
o The St. Rita Chapel it is constructed as the physical center of the spiritual life of the
22
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
o Kinder and Grades I IV building - classes for fifty (50) children commenced with a four-
room hollow blocks structure built on purpose by the Elordes who believed that in time the
orphans or the less fortunate would need the School and that the school would in turn help
the Orphanage;
o The Convent.
1. Residential Care
Academic
Vocational
Socio-cultural
Inculcation of Values
Communion
4. Social Services
Adoption
Community Outreach
5. Professional Services;
23
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
7. Funeral service
Institutional residential cares for the youth have already provided satisfactory needs for the
children such as food, home, and education. From the interview and case study in St. Rita, it shows
that orphanages are designed to be more focused on the basic needs of the orphans rather than the
development. According to both interviewees, each of these residential care institutions has their
own styles on operating the orphanage so as long as the orphans are provided with the basic needs.
This further explains that orphanages satisfy the needs of orphans based on operation and services of
an institution which makes them focus less on design or architectural benefits. From observation,
orphanages locally are built like a simple typical house with walls and a roof, with simple design and
What orphanages need is a play in the environment both indoor and outdoor. The first
interviewee explained that in her personal reference, their toddlers room must be designed in a
playful character to have their minds be able to explore and enhance their creativity. This is because
their toddlers room have a plain simple color of yellow with ceramic tiles as floors and beds as their
only furniture; and also due to their concern when a child becomes delay due to being
institutionalized in general. While as for the second interviewee, children need activities where they
can explore and increase their social development. This justifies the need for these institutions to
enhance the environment both indoor and outdoor to becoming more playful that can enhance those
developments.
This summarizes that institutional care facilities are only focused on being an institutionalized
environment because it is already satisfactory ad adaptable to them to give children only their basic
needs. Although it does not mean that institutional care facilities must stop aiming or providing more
for the orphans. It is ideal that institutional care facilities must aim for more than just basic needs and
care.
The analysis from interviews and case study will be interpreted through qualitative
approach of the researcher. The program manager agrees on having a visual arts center since it can
be functioned as their art therapy and also children from ages 3-6 become fond of art activities.
24
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
Orphans of older age could however use this type of facility in developing their skills. Other
communal activities like a nursery school or child day care, however, were done by one orphanage
which makes it possible to be added to the design. The social worker has also mentioned that
concerns arise when a child is delayed from talking or expressing themselves especially at the age
from five or six. In her own personal reference in the design of orphanage, she recommends a design
that gives an ambiance of a playful environment in order to help the cognitive and creativity of the
child especially at young age. An example is the play area that she enjoys and wishes that it would
Based on the observation in the case study conducted, the time and activities that
children are willing to do is limited and scheduled to what is in the program. The reasonable
Children who are institutionalized receive delay in their social and cognitive growth. Even with
the interaction with care givers, they still become less expressive. It is recommended that institutions
where children have less interaction must be exposed to different kinds of people on daily basis. It is
recommended that every institutional care facilities must have a communal area for the public use
where they could socially interact. These may be a chapel, a child day care, or a school, where both
orphans and the public will not only be able to social interact but to also be less affected on the
A recommendation for the architectural design would be a green design approach that can
achieve sustainability in the structure and also natural ventilation and nature interaction for both
indoors to achieve a natural and homey environment for providing comfort for these uses.
This chapter shall discuss the architectural strategies in designing a physical learning
environment towards enhancing the social and cognitive development of the orphan youth.
institutional care facilities for the youth. To achieve this is to provide an environment where the
25
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
individual can simultaneously understand a sense of home and of community, i.e. having a place
where one can identify themselves with and at the same time be integrated into a broader context.
Together, the landscape and architecture becomes an instance where a child attains their
identity and stability. The proposal intends to combine both innovations and strategies to increase the
motivation and participation of the public in interacting with the orphans within the community.
Developing the orphanage into a biophilic and community integrated structure will benefit the
countrys abandoned and neglected children in terms of enhancing they are cognitive and social
development.
Biophilic design is an innovative application of designing the places where we live, work, and
learn such as offices and hospitals since the innovation has proven to enhance productivity in offices,
and the well-being of patients in hospital. This innovative trend in has also decreased the
In terrapin birghts greens report, biophilic design is essential for providing people
opportunities to live and work in healthy places and spaces with less stress and greater overall health
and well-being. Biophilia is humankinds innate biological connection with nature. It helps explain
why crackling fires and crashing waves captivate people; why a garden view can enhance ones
creativity; why shadows and heights instill fascination and fear; and why animal companionship and
strolling through a park have restorative, healing effects. Biophilia may also help explain why some
Green stated that a good biophilic design draws from influential perspectives health
conditions, socio-cultural norms and expectations, past experiences, frequency and duration of the
user experience, the many speeds at which it may be encountered, and user perception and
processing of the experience to create spaces that are inspirational, restorative, and healthy, as
well as integrative with the functionality of the place and the (urban) ecosystem to which it is applied.
26
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
Biophilic Patterns
The function of Biophilic design patterns has its own biological response. This illustrates the
functions of each of the patterns in supporting stress reduction, cognitive performance, emotion and
mood enhancement and the human body. For this thesis, the cognitive column will be focused on the
application.
VISUAL
A view to elements of nature, living systems Improve mental
CONNECTION WITH
and natural process. engagement/attentiveness
NATURE
MATERIAL
improved concentration &
CONNECTION WITH Material and elements form nature
memory restoration
NATURE
In design, a physical space for learning the first important element is the use of natural
materials (wood, living plants, natural lighting, and windows) by bringing the natural world indoors or
in providing learning opportunities outdoors. Second, is to have daily access to and use of an outdoor
space to interact with different species and also stimulate their desire to learn. Next is to consider
safety wherein the physical space should consider the following: all counters, shelves, sills, corners,
lips, ledges and edges at child height must have a minimum of a 1/4" radius (rounded corner), doors
should swing away from the childrens play area (i.e.; swing into hallway instead of classroom),
27
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
handrails must have a height of 600, and to have a Non-slip flooring. Another important consideration
is the ergonomics and scale of the various ages of the users. Below are the guidelines on the
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
Art Studio Activity walls, chalk walls, Murals
Nature Study Area Grassy areas
Gardens, Vegetated Areas Stage
Dramatic Play Area Trees and tall shrubs
Music Area
Art Studio Activity walls, chalk walls, Murals
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Trails and pathways Wooden Benches
Shaded areas with seating Bridges
Spaces for laying or sitting on grass or mounds Play tables
Outdoor Classroom Stump seats
Stages and decks
EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Nature Study Areas
Pond
Flower Gardens
Habitat Gardens
Veggie Gardens
28
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
The criteria for selecting the site consider the community and surrounding condition. The
criteria are for the site to be far from the city to receive less congestion and because cities are not a
good environment for children. The site must be accessible to schools and commercial districts for
orphans easy access to school and basic necessities with a communal environment. Near residential
areas is a good site consideration to have a peaceful and quite neighbourhood for the orphan kids to
grow.
SITE A:
Marties Cavite with a total lot area of 3.5 hectares. This site
commercial institutional zone, and its neighboring developments are varying from residential to
commercials and institutional giving wide opportunity to cater the needs o0f the facility.
SITE B:
developments for the proposed facility. This site is an interior lot with a
total area of 5,7607 sqm., showing that the site is too big with a shape
29
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
SITE C:
Located at Barrio Sto. Domingo in Cainta Rizal, this site has an area
creek at the north east and the rest by lots. It is located at a Mixed used
busy area which conflicts the criteria of having a less congested area and
near residential areas. This site seems to be the only available vacant lot in
Cainta
Among the three proposed sites of the targeted rural areas, the most appropriate site for the
The site responses to the criteria since it is located nearby schools, hospitals, churches and
shopping centers, making it accessible with only an estimated 0-2 minutes travel by private or public
vehicles and less than half an hour by walk. The site can also be travelled to other borders of Trece
Martires by public transportation vehicles, making it accessible to the students from Universities and
schools of different levels in Dasmarinas, General trias, Tanza and other nearby borders. The site is
also placed in a clean and peaceful environment that will be helpful for the childrens development.
Trece Martires agricultural source of economy is also said to be replaced by industrialization &
commercialism, giving the opportunity in the application of the innovation with the proposed structure
30
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
will help in combining both sources of economy. The site also has an average slope of 1.67% and
Boundaries:
South: Lot
31
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
While the 1993 to 2008 Land Use Plan has served as the catalyst to spur some
major developments of the city, thus, accomplishing its objectives, some of its land devoted
for the purpose has remain unutilized making them idle and unproductive. Major
developments have been concentrated along major roads particularly the Governors Drive
and Tanza-Indang Road, and in areas where greater accessibility and major infrastructure
facilities has been established making other areas unproductive. Table 100 shows that
Idle/vacant lands remain at 1,116.90 hectares or 28.51% of the citys total land area.
It is clearly reflected in figure 15 that the area occupied by residential development is
1,013.06 hectares representing 25.86% of the total land area of the city which also includes
subdivisions, AFP/PNP housing and resettlements projects of the national government
located in the barangays of Osorio, Inocencio, Aguado and Luciano.
Commercial establishments also continue to flourish with the establishments of
different food chains and mall together with other small businesses from enterprising
residents with prospects of more consumers due to increasing number of population.
(Source from Trece Martires City Hall, CLUP)
32
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
TABLE V
LAND USE CATEGORY BY PERCENTAGE SHARE IN AREA
TRECE MARTIRES CITY
AREA
LAND USE CATEGORY (HECTARES) % TOTAL
RESIDENTIAL 1,013.06 25.86
COMMERCIAL 201.27 5.14
INSTITUTIONAL 115.15 2.94
INDUSTRIAL 236.05 6.03
AGRO-INDUSTRIAL 198.80 5.08
AGRICULTURAL 420.00 10.72
PARKS/PLAYGROUND
AND OTHER
RECREATIONAL 115.70 2.95
IDLE/VACANT LANDS 1,116.90 28.51
CEMETERY 37.52 0.96
SOLID WASTE MGT
FACILITIES 1.80 0.05
ROADS 224.62 5.73
WATER BODIES 234.33 5.98
TOTAL 3,917.00 100
33
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
The site is located at the mixed use residential, institutional and commercial zone to be accessible to
4) HAZARD MAP
Based on the Hazard map, the site is not likely to experience any floods or hazards since it is
located far from form fault lines and areas prone to flooding.
34
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
DEVELOPMENT POTENTIALS
LAND/WATER RESOURCES
This vacant/idle lands can be used for agricultural production, thus, providing food sufficiency
of the residents and a possible source of income. This lot can also be used for commercial and
industrial developments, thus, increasing the income for the city and employment of the community.
The presence of different rivers and streams can be used not only as a source of potable
water but also for irrigation. Water may be pumped from these sources and used to irrigate vegetable
and agricultural plantations. Technology may also be employed, thus, making these rivers as a source
of hydro-power plant.
- PRESENCE OF RIVERS
This river can also be used for fresh water fishing and other fresh water sanctuary. Presently
it is also being used for bathing by transforming these rivers into public resort.
MANPOWER RESOURCES
- SKILLED AND CAPABLE HUMAN RESOURCES, HIGH (60 %) LABOR FORCE, and HIGH
Given the 3 above attributes of the Treceno, investing in the city is good because highly
qualified human resources are available. Thus, making investment profitable and human resources
manageable.
This recognition showed that the trecenos are generally healthy individuals.
GEOGRAPHIC
35
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
Location of the city makes it more accessible from all directions of the province.
The city can be reached from all points, through good road condition
GOVERNMENT
This being the center and the seat of the provincial government makes it more advantageous
because daily provincial and even national government transaction takes place in the city. Day time
population of the city could even rise to a five digit mark, thus, business also flourished.
INFRASTRUCTURE
The road networks in the city are generally concrete and part of the city governments plan is
GOVERNANCE
These 3 attributes makes the city on the road to progress and development.
These factors contribute a lot in making the city a good haven for investment and commerce.
This is the reason why several establishments are setting up businesses in the city.
EDUCATION
This complements with the public education sector backlog and the reason why the city has
36
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
- ALL OF THE BARANGAYS HAVE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL AND DAY CARE CENTERS (246%)
Being one of the priority sectors of the city, and as part of the School in every Barangays
Program the city is investing on education as a tool for human resource development and preparing
HEALTH
This complementation of facilities and personnel between the city, province and private
hospitals make treceno a recipient ofSentrongSigla Awardee. This showed that the residents are
37
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
The direction of the winds varies from the season or time of the year. The annual analysis of
the wind directions show that stronger winds come from the southeast. Although, specifically, the
start and end of the year have stronger winds from the South east side while winds from the West
south west are stronger on the middle time of the year. Fair winds come throughout the year from
the North West and winds from the North east occur lesser.
The sun path analysis shows that the direction of the sun movement revolves from south
east to south west therefore having the sun rising at the south east and sets at the southwest. During
summer, the sun rises at a higher altitude rising from east and setting at west.
38
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
the suburbs, the main road has no traffic congestion therefore giving no negative impacts to the
facility.
East View from West West View from East Side Governors Drive (Main Road)
Side
39
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
Institutional (GROUP D) BHL X 50% TLA , BHL X 60% TLA Without sprinkler system
Institutional 15.00 meters (or must follow the duly-approved BHL in the major zone it is
part of).
C. Minimum Required Parking Slot, Parking Area and Loading Space Requirements
Division D-1 One (1) off-street cum on-site car parking slot every twenty five (25) beds;
and one (1) off-ROW (or off-street) passenger loading soace that can accommodate two (2)
Interior lot - 50% for all institutional class (for Proposed developments without firewalls or
abutments)
- 40% for all institutional class (for Proposed developments with firewalls or
abutments)
40
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
SITE ANALYSIS
From the gathered data of both macro and micro analysis settings of the site, it is determined
that the coldest part of the site is at the West and east side of the Site while the hottest is at the
South Side. The noise of the site is concentrated on the north side of the site where the road is. It
could therefore be concluded to have the residential space located at one of the coldest part of the
site, and have the communal space near the road as buffer from the noise. Spaces that are less
SCHEME 1:
The concept of this scheme is inspired by the Amsterdam orphanage where in the spaces are
interconnected and is permissible therefore creating multiple open spaces. This concept differs from
the centralized type by allowing buildings of different functions to have difference neighbouring
41
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
outdoor spaces. The permissibility in the structure aims to a sense of privacy while welcoming the
SCHEME 2:
This scheme follows a traditional type of concept that follows centralized planning. This type of
planning allows centralized flow of the community within. Open spaces in this type of planning are
shared with the different functions of the buildings therefore creating a convergence of the whole
community.
42
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
Due to economic and family struggles, parents tend to abandon their children at early age
and most children do not return home due to being neglected. Children in their difficult situations are
The proposal is to put up an orphanage complex that will cater residential quarters for the
orphans classified by their ages; an arts center for public and youth cohabitation to enhance social
and human development for each child and other facilities that will provide their basic needs. This
orphanage complex is to cater the orphaned children in the regions thar are most populated such as
the NCR region. Due to heavy congestion in the NCR region, the proposed site is to be adjacent to
the region to avoid the urban congestion and its unhealthy environment. The most feasible and
attractive location is in trece martires, cavite where community facilities such as basic needs are
accessible. Biophilic elements are also needed for the orphans to engage in nature study elements to
keep them connected with nature to trigger their desire to learn and explore.
between occupants within the building and between the organisation and its neighbours to be
compatible. It is also needed for the building to contribute positively to their site in the context of
improving the urban design and/or the landscape of the vicinity as a whole. The building should
of the users with natural components or a nature inspired form that can trigger their interest in
learning. A great building with interactive spaces can inspire, influence and enhance the lives of the
users and the community in having the positive qualities of life, productivity, and happiness of their
occupants.
43
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
developing new skills. Nature study areas and productive areas must be provided to be connected to
the natural and enhance their skills. Deliver natural components and moveable and fixed components
in the landscape and indoor physical environment such as interactive materials that are manipulative,
the childrens mind. This can be achieved by using various colors, textures, materials and shapes to
stimulate their interest in learning, playing and living comfortably. Physical components that
encourage live, learn and play are the key to achieving the aim of the proposal.
44
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
45
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
46
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
47
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
48
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
There is provision of
j. Conference/training Room conference/training room with
Space for conference room is adequate furniture and fixtures
limited but the organization has for use by the staff and
introduced alternative measure. residents during meetings, case
conference, seminars, trainings
and other related activities
Separate from the office space Equipped with one way
used for day to day operation mirror, audio-video and
k. Interview/Counseling/Therapy computer system and
Room Equipped with counseling observation room for social
k.1. Space for visiting parent/s paraphernalia such as art laboratory and training
and other visitors materials, throw, pillow, dolls, purposes; provision of aqua
There is no separate toys, sandbox and other therapy for children with
space for visitors but furniture and fixtures disability
some alternative appropriate to the age and
measures were made purpose of the
instead (e.g. convertible counseling/therapy sessions
space is made available)
49
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
50
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
51
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
52
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
2. Houseparents one
houseparent per shift for a
number of residents as
follows:
a. 1:5 children aged
birth to 1 year old
b. 1:10 children aged
13 months to 6
years old
c. 1:15 children aged 7
to 12 years old
d. 1:25 children aged
13 to 17 years old
e. 1:20 CICL
f. 1:20 able bodied
individuals aged 13
to below 18 years
old
g. 1:25-30 abled
bodied individuals
aged 18 and above
h. 1:10 bedridden or
sickly older persons
i. Mentally challenged
individuals; (upper
trainable 1:15; lower
trainable; profound
cases 1:5)
j. 1:20 deaf/hearing
disability
k. 1:15 with
Orthopedic
(Muscoskeletal)
disability
l. 1:15 with visual
disability
m. When age groups
are mixed, the ratio
that should be
followed shall meet
the requirements for
the youngest
residents in the
group.
53
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
Staff Complement:
a. Executive/ Program Director/ Manager
a.1. One per SWA
b. Center Head
b.1. One per facility
c. Supervising Social worker
d. Social workers - number of SWs will depend on the type of residents and actual number of
cases given time.
e. Administrative Supervisors and Supervising Houseparents
e.1 1 for at most 15 non-social work staff/ houseparents/ administrative staff
f. Houseparents
f.2 One for a 16 hour shift. In excess of a regular 40/48 working hours per week, for government/
private SWA's respectively
g. Cook/s
h. Administrative Staff/Aide
h.1 at least one staff for every 5 technical staff in the SWA.
i. Security Guard/s (to be required for residents handling court cases, abused, etc.)
i.1 1 per 8-hour shift with 1 reliever;
j. Driver
K. Other program and administrative staff
54
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
Estimated
Description / Space No. of
Zoning Spaces Equipments Quantity Min. Area Remarks
Activity Factor Users
(SQM)
Room for children Sleeping Beds, Closets 5 sq. m/per 85 250 4 per room
Room for elder
children Sleeping Beds, Closets 6 sq.m. / per 60 15 425 4 per room
Living, stairs,
Living / Communal 4 sqm / No definite pathways, entrace
Areas Gather and Socialize Sofas, tables, etc resident 180 Quantity 720 halls
6 for elder
5 for small 1 functional bathroom
children with 2 lavatories for
3 for every 10 female and
1.5 per bath toddlers 300 male
Bathroom and toilet Showers, WCs and Lavatory 1.1 per bath 260 6 staffs 90 1 for each staff
Total 1957
*Note: Residential and communal spaces spaces for infants and toddlers may be located at the day care center
55
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
60 elder
Study tables and chairs, 50
Study Area Study shelves smaller 1 330
Service
*Note: Particular service spaces may be connected to other facilities or may be provided in each building
56
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
Outdoor Play area Toy storage shelter 1 418 with 4.6 min width
51 sqm for
the
youngest
70 sqm
each for
the rest
Ideal: 208
sqm (4
playrooms At least 2 lavatories
Play room Toy storage shelter 4 ) and 2 WCs
Desirable for programs
that encourage parens to
observe classes and to
become more involved (Combined
Day Care Center
57
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
60 sqm =1
Classrooms Learning Tables and chairs room 84 4 120 sqm 21 per room
Educational
58
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
Reception area to
accommodate visitors Desk 1 8 sq.m
Reception with their concerns
Gallery area Area for exhibits 1 150 sqm
Arts Center
1 10 sq.m
Staff Entry Exclusive entry for staffs
Office Office works 1 24 sq.m
Area where meetings 1 20 sq.m
Staff Meeting Area take place
59
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
General Users:
Analysis
USER JOB DESCRIPTION NO. AGE ACTIVITY PROJ.
POP.
Executive/ oversees the coordination and 1 Creates and revises programs, 1
Program administration of all aspects of an develops policies and guidelines,
Director/ ongoing program including planning, hires and trains staff, raises
Manager organizing, staffing, leading, and funds, and ensures compliance
controlling program activities. with government relations
Center Head oversee facilities that house younger 4 responsible for setting the tone 1
children. They work in preschools, for the facility, managing the
nursery schools, daycare centers, in curriculum, overseeing physical
some cases, school systems to oversee facilities, hiring staff and
and coordinate child care and managing the overall image of
educational programs. the center.
Supervising responsible for the assessment, 2 actively participate in the 1
Social Worker training, support supervision and recruitment, assessment and
development of foster carers. training of prospective Carers as
well as pursuing suitable
placements for our approved
Carers
Social Organizes activities to make 10 Provide Consultation and Advice
Workers communities, and especially foster to Others Providing guidance
families, aware of the living conditions and expert advice to
of orphans and vulnerable children management or other groups on
(OVCs). technical, systems-, or process-
related topics, manage detailed
case records and prepares
reports
60
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
Administrative Supervises clerical staff and participates 1 Assigns work, provides direction
Supervisors in their recruitment and selection. to clerical staff and ensures that
Participates in the coordination of assigned tasks are completed.
administrative and clerical work in an Orients and trains clerical staff.
office. Monitors the performance of
staff.
Housparents Be responsible for daily operation of 20 Ensure good behaviour of the
household such as but not limited to children, supervise and arrange
planning meals, purchasing groceries, activities that promote
supervising/assisting cleanliness of intellectual, physical, social and
house, and getting the mail daily from spiritual development, ensure
mailbox. living and hygiene standards are
maintained, ensure students are
attending classes, lend a
sympathetic ear to children
with, and accompany students
on weekend outings.
Cook/s Under general supervision, plan, 4 The Cook oversees operations of
prepare and document all meals for the the food program, including
Child Development Center children; and hygiene, meal planning and
perform related work as required. preparation, food distribution to
rooms
Administrative 1
Staffs
Security monitor the flow of people and 16 maintain surveillance of a
Guards employees and respond in emergency property by patrolling the
situations. grounds or using closed-circuit
monitoring or alarm systems
Driver 1
Orphans 200
61
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
Functional
Zoning
Rooms (Staff) Private
Sleeping Quarters
Display Public
VIP Area Private
Staff Break Area Private
Staff Entry Private
Office Private
Staff Meeting Area Private
Theatre Public
Outdoor Garden Public
62
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
ADJACENCY MATRIX
INTERRELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM
RESIDENTIAL
63
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
CIRCULATORY DIAGRAM
SERVICE
ARTS CENTER
64
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
The dynamic form and variant colors of the coral is the concept of the structure. This concept
aims to achieve the biomimetic figure of an aquatic organism that represents home and life as one of
The hexagonal pattern also aims to create a shorter distance travel from one place to
another while also providing every indoor space to be connected to the outdoor spaces, therefore,
65
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
SCHEME 1
SCHEME 2
66
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
Aerial Perspective
Arts Center
67
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
Gallery
68
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
Classroom
69
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
Nursery 1
Nursery 2
70
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
Dining Area
71
B B
A A
FLOOR PLANS
SECTIONS AND
ELEVATIONS
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
APPENDICES:
APPENDIX A
Interview Questionnaires:
1.) How is the orphanage operated? What is the process in selecting or brining orphans into the
orphanage?
3.) How do you select orphans and at what age do you select orphans for your orphanage? how
4.) Until at what age do you allow the orphans to stay if ever they still arent adopted and must
be transfered?
6.) Any cases (Physical, mental or social) that these orphans face? How do you handle it?
9.) What are the functions of the other buildings in the orphanage?
10.) What would you recommend on the design of the orphanage? Would you recommend a
15.) What are the agencies you coordinate with in handling the orphans?
78
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
APPENDIX B
Transfer Certificate Title
79
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
80
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
81
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
APPENDIX C:
Letters
82
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
Dear Sir/Madam,
My name is Fe Isabel A. Adarne, a fourth year student of Mapa Institute of Technology, School
of Architecture, Industrial Design and the Built Environment (AR-ID-BE), under the program B.S Architecture.
I am currently working on a thesis that proposes an Orphanage Complex in fulfilment of the course AR200
Design 9: Architectural Thesis.
As a requirement for this course, I would like to request for an Institutional zone vacant lot for my thesis
proposal along with the following:
1.) TCT
2.) Tax declaration
3.) Zoning ordinance map
83
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
REFERENCES:
abs-cbnNEWS.com (Nov. 20, 2014) 100 kids abandoned every 2 months Retrieved from http://www.abs-
cbnnews.com/nation/09/19/10/100-kids-abandoned-every-2-months
Amended Administrative Order No. 11 Series of 2007 Entitled revised standards on residential care
Barbara Simons and Christian (2012) Koranteng Residents perception of the built environment quality in
Bright Green (2014) 14 patterns of biophilic design, Improving Health & Well-Being in the Built
Calamba Laguna City Profile, retrieved from Calamba New City Hall
http://www.nscb.gov.ph/headlines/StatsSpeak/2011/101011_rav.asp#tab1
84
A Proposed Orphanage Complex:
A Biophilic Approach towards a Social and Conducive Learning Environment ADARNE, FE ISABEL A.
implementation_of_spatial_properties_by_means_of_imagination_and_creativity_bu_Loukia_Agathokleou
s (2014)
http://www.saintritaorphanage.ph/programs.htm
Subaybay Bata Macro Monitoring System , Council for the Welfare of Children (2012) SITUATION OF
municipalities/district-vi/trece-martirez-city
Valerie Rachel Herrera (2012) Residential Educational Cultural Center for Orphaned Youth. SYRACUSE
http://www.windfinder.com/windstatistics/sangley_point_cavite
Zimmermann, Elizabeth Lee Ann, Modern-day orphanages: Exploring what it is like to grow up in a stable,
long-term residential children's home (2012). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. Paper 12547.
85