Welcome to the Acids and Bases Lecture. Lets get started by setting up the Cornell Notes.

The title goes on the left. The essential question is written across the first line on the left page.
Split the left page into two columns: one for questions and one for notes. The date goes on the
upper right corner. Go ahead and split this right page into three sections: one for questions, one
for notes, and the bottom for summary. Remember to place your summary three to five lines
from the bottom of the page giving yourself enough room to write three to four sentences.

The title is Acids and Bases. The essential question is How are acids and bases used in
everyday life? By the end of this lecture, your goal is to demonstrate your understanding of the
acids and bases by summarizing Cornell Notes.

Starting with acid: an acid is a solution that has an excess of hydrogen ions (H+). A hydrogen
ion is the nucleus of a hydrogen atom that is separated from its electron. The nucleus is made
up of a particle carrying a positive charge. The isolated hydrogen ion is represented by the
symbol H+. When a substance has hydrogen ions, it becomes acidic.
The word acid is derived from Latin meaning sharp or sour.
The more hydrogen ions (H+) a substance has, the more acidic the solution becomes.

Weve been talking a lot about properties. Acids taste sour, conduct electricity and are corrosive.
Corrosive means they break down substances. They react strongly with metals and turn blue
litmus paper red. Some common examples of acids include lemons, limes, oranges, vinegar,
sour candies, and car batteries.

A base is a solution that has an excess of hydroxide ions. A hydroxide ion consists of an oxygen
and hydrogen atom that carries a negative charge. Another word for base is alkali.

Bases feel slipper, taste biter, are corrosive, conduct electricity, do not react with metals, and
turn red litmus paper blue. Examples include soap, ammonia, cleaning products, and blood.

pH scale is something we use to measure the level of hydrogen ions in acids and bases. pH
stands for potential or power of hydrogen. It was developed in 1903 by a Danish chemist then
refined in 1924. We continue to use it today. So again, pH scale is a measure of how acidic or
basic a solution is
It ranges from 0-14
Acids have pH values below 7. So from 0-6. A solution with a pH of 0 is very acidic.
A solution with a pH of 7 is neutral. For example, pure water has a pH of 7.
Basic solutions have pH values above 7. So from 8-14. Bleach has a pH of 12.

Make sure you draw this scale into your notebook. I recommend including colors if you have
color pencils around. Otherwise, make sure you label the ranges. Remember, acidic solutions
range from 0-6. 7 is neutral. Bases have a range from 8-14.
Neutralization is a reaction between an acid and a base, An acid-base mixture is not as acidic or
basic as the individual starting solutions. If a substance has a pH of 8.0 (base) and you want to
lower the pH, you have to add acid.

For your end-product, I used an example from the last lecture. Make sure all of your
components of the cornell notes are included. Title, EQ, date. Next, you are to pose two
questions focusing on new information. Then you are going to answer your summary. Make sure
you start by answering your essential question, then answer the two questions you posed in the
questions column. Once again, make sure you highlight or underline new terms.