6.6.

VOCABULARY STUDY
A) Look at the list of words below. Check that you understand them all, using a
dictionary if necessary:

bottom filter PROLOG to grind

bug Flow/chart oval to heat
code FORTRAN parallelogram to ride
compromise ground rectangle to screw
diagram hexagon shapes to stand
diamond high step triangle
earthquake LISP to clear variety

B) Can you find the word in the above vocabulary list that best fits the following
descriptions?:
1. An elliptical shape oval
2. A six-sided figure hexagon
3. A three-sided figure, whose angles add up to 180 triangle
4. Special identification number in computing code
5. A mistake in the program is a bug
6. Programmers before making a program draw a flow/chart program
(2 words)
6.7. GROUP WORK: Flow Charts
When you are writing a program it sometimes help to draw a diagram which shows
the order or sequence of actions that you want the computer to follow. A diagram is
called a flow chart. A flow chart has different shaped boxes that indicate different
procedures.
A) Shapes used in flow charts:
Can you mark with arrows the shapes with the words?

diamond
oval
triangle
square
rectangle
hexagon
parallelogram
 B) An example of a flow chart.

Crossing the street at

a pedestrian crossing.

Wait

Wait

NO

In your group can you do another flow chart for ONE of the situations bellow? White lines

Using a computer Buying a book Ordering a meal in a

restaurant

Where are
the cars coming

YESCars comin
 NO

YES Have
Go to the cashier you the
money?
C) Write the name of each shape according to the function.
Buy it
Oval terminal/start symbol.

Parallelogram input/output symbol.

Diamond decision.

Rectangle operation/process.
6.8. GRAMMAR WORK

The present perfect tense

A) Answer the questions:

1. Have you ever written a computer program?

- No, I havent written a computer program.
2. Have you ever had a Chinese meal?
- Yes, Ive had a Chinese meal.
3. Have you ever kissed a gorilla?
- No, I havent kissed a gorilla.
4. Have you ever seen a shark?
- Yes, I have seen a shark.
5. Have you ever ridden a Yamaha?
- Yes, Ive ridden a Yamaha.

B) Complete this dialogue. The first letter of each missing word has been provided:

a) Have you ever used BASIC to write a computer program?

b) Oh, yes I have.

a) What sort of program done you write?

b) It written a program to play a simple game of space invaders.

Notice that the last question and answer are in the past tense.
In pairs, have similar small conversations.
Start:

Have you ever? If your partner says Yes, I have, continue the
conversation: When did you.?

- Hi Anggely.
- Hi Clay. Have you been here long time ago?
- Oh, no.
- When you arrived?
- Ive arrived five minutes ago.
- Great. Have you done the homework?
- No, I havent yet.
- When you did it?
- Tomorrow, Im buzzy.
- Good, dont worry. Have you ever eaten in Forchetta?
- No, I havent.
- Then we go to that restaurant. I have come here for six months.
- Ok, lets go.
C) To find the bugs in a computer program and correct them is a very slow task.
Bugs can be typing mistakes, or errors in your program. Imagine that you are
trying to find a bug in your program, and your teacher is helping you. These are
questions that your teacher asks you:

Have you checked the program for typing mistakes?

Have you printed the program?
Have you started the program whit a CLS command?

Now make more questions of this type.

1. Have you used the correct operator?

2. Have you translated the correct code?
3. Have you draw good flow/charts?

D) Pair work: First, individually write down five questions of your partner. Each
question should start whit How long.

EXAMPLE: How long have you live in this city?

How long have you studied English?

Then ask your partner the questions that you have prepared.

Questions Answers

How long have you studied in this Ive studied here for six months
college?

How long have you talked with her? Ive talked with her for two hours
<

How long have you gone out with I havent gone out with Alfredo, were
Alfredo? friends

How long have you walked in the park? Ive walked for ten minutes

How long have you danced in the Ive danced for five years
academy?
6.9. GRAMMAR SUMMARY

See the grammar summary at the back of the book for an explanation of:

the present perfect

Its used for say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The
exact time is not important.