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TESTS PROYECTIVOS:

U
Aplicacin al diagnstico
y tratamiento clnicos

Maria Vives Gomila

Psicologia, 2
B
TESTS PROYECTIVOS:
APLICACIN AL DIAGNSTICO
Y TRATAMIENTO CLNICOS

Maria Vives Gomila

Psicologia, 2
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Los tests proyectivos 29

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30 Tests proyectivos

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Los tests proyectivos 31

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 DGHPiVGHOLQWHUpV\ODQHFHVLGDGTXHDOJXQRVWHUDSHXWDVKDQGHPRVWUDGRDOLQYHVWLJDU

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VHGLULJLUtDDXQREMHWRUHDO  VHLQWURYLHUWHVHUHWUDHVHRULHQWDKDFLDDGHQWURKDFLDHOSURSLRVXMHWR$VtODLQWURYHUVLyQVH
FDUDFWHUL]DSRUXQDUHODFLyQPiVELHQQHJDWLYDFRQHOREMHWR/DFRQGXFWDGHOLQWURYHUWLGRYLHQHFRQGLFLRQDGDSRUIDFWRUHVVXEMHWLYRV
TXHLQX\HQHQVXDGDSWDFLyQDOPHGLR6XIXQFLyQSULPRUGLDOHVHOSHQVDPLHQWR3RUVXSDUWHODH[WUDYHUVLyQVHFDUDFWHUL]DSRUXQD
UHODFLyQSRVLWLYDFRQHOREMHWRVLHQGRVXIXQFLyQSULPRUGLDOHOVHQWLPLHQWR(OH[WUDYHUVLYRHVXQDSHUVRQDTXHVXHOHDGDSWDUVHDODV
QRUPDVVRFLDOHVYLJHQWHV
5RUVFKDFKGHQRPLQDLQWURYHUVLYRDOLQGLYLGXRTXHYLYHPiVKDFLDGHQWURTXHKDFLDDIXHUD\H[WUDWHQVLYRDOLQGLYLGXRTXH
WLHQGHDYLYLUPiVKDFLDIXHUD\TXHVHFDUDFWHUL]DSRUXQDPRWLOLGDGH[FLWDEOH\XQDDIHFWLYLGDGLQHVWDEOH$JUHJDXQWHUFHUWLSRDO
TXHGHQRPLQyDPELWHQGHQWH\PiVWDUGHLQWURGXFHHOFRQFHSWRGHFRDUWDWLYRSRUVXWHQGHQFLDDODFRDUWDFLyQGHORVGHWHUPLQDQWHVGH
PRYLPLHQWR 0 0  \RGHFRORU & &  ,QFOXVRREVHUYDUtDTXHHQORVSURWRFRORVFRQXQLQFUHPHQWRGHGLFKDVUHVSXHVWDV
pVWDVVXFHGtDQDODVUHVSXHVWDVGHIRUPDSXUD ) 
(OLQWURYHUVLYRSRVWXOD([QHUWLHQGHDXWLOL]DUSULPRUGLDOPHQWHODUHH[LyQWDQWRSDUDVROXFLRQDUVXVSUREOHPDVFRPRSDUD
VDWLVIDFHUVXVQHFHVLGDGHV(OH[WUDWHQVLYREXVFDUHVROYHUVXVGLFXOWDGHVPHGLDQWHODLQWHUDFFLyQFRQHOPXQGRTXHOHURGHDPLHQWUDV
TXHHODPELJXDORDPELWHQGHQWHFDUHFHGHXQHVWLORGHQLGRGHUHVSXHVWDFRPSRUWiQGRVHXQDVYHFHVFRPRLQWURYHUVLYRRWUDVFRPR
H[WUDWHQVLYR$FWXDOPHQWH([QHUDJUHJDDORVDQWHULRUHVORVHVWLORVFRQ/DPEGDDOWRRHVWLORVHYLWDWLYRV
32 Tests proyectivos

WDQWRODHYROXFLyQGHOSURFHVRWHUDSpXWLFRFHQWUDGDHQODLQWHUDFFLyQWHUDSHXWDSDFLHQWHFRPRORVFDPELRV
GHO VXMHWR GHWHFWDGRV HQ HO DQiOLVLV GH GLFKD LQWHUDFFLyQ \ DO FRPSDUDU ORV UHVXOWDGRV REWHQLGRV HQ XQD
VHJXQGDDGPLQLVWUDFLyQGHODSUXHEDFRQORVSURFHGHQWHVGHXQDSULPHUDDSOLFDFLyQ ([QHU\:HLQHU
([QHU\6DQJODGH9LYHVDE 5RUVFKDFKQRVHOLPLWDEDDLQWHUSUHWDUHOFRQWHQLGR
GHODVDVRFLDFLRQHVGHVXVSDFLHQWHVVLQRTXHDQDOL]DEDHOSURFHVRGHREWHQFLyQGHODUHVSXHVWDDODTXH
FRQVLGHUDEDGHWHUPLQDGDSRUODSHUFHSFLyQ 5RUVFKDFK([QHUYLOD 
(QVHSXEOLFDHOWHVWGH6]RQGLSRFRXWLOL]DGRKR\HQGtD\TXHVHDSOLFDEDIXQGDPHQWDOPHQWH
DOGLDJQyVWLFRGHODSVLFRSDWtD

/RVWHVWVSUR\HFWLYRVWHPiWLFRV
(Q&'0RUJDQ\+$0XUUD\SUHVHQWDQHOWHVWGH$SHUFHSFLyQ7HPiWLFD 7$7 0XUUD\
DPSOtD HO FRQFHSWR IUHXGLDQR GH SUR\HFFLyQ FRQFLELpQGROR FRPR XQ SURFHVR QDWXUDO QR QHFHVDULDPHQWH
GHIHQVLYRHQHOTXHHOVXMHWRDSDUWLUGHXQDVHVFHQDVPRVWUDGDVGHEHHODERUDUXQDKLVWRULD'HULYDGRVGHO
7$7VRQHOWHVWGH$SHUFHSFLyQ,QIDQWLO &$7 GH/%HOODN\6-%HOODFN  ODDSOLFDFLyQ
GHO7$7DSHUVRQDVGHHGDG 6$7 \HOWHVW3DWWH1RLU 31 GH/&RUPDQ  (Q
$YLODHIHFW~DXQDDGDSWDFLyQGHO7$7HQODSREODFLyQHVSDxROD
+ 3KLOOLSVRQ HQ  FRQVWUX\H VX WHVW VLJXLHQGR HO PRGHOR GHO 7$7 6X REMHWLYR HUD LQYHVWLJDU
ODV UHODFLRQHV LQWHUSHUVRQDOHV PHGLDQWH OD SHUFHSFLyQ \ OD SUR\HFFLyQ 3KLOOLSVRQ SDUWLHQGR GH OD  WHRUtD
SVLFRDQDOtWLFDGH ODV UHODFLRQHV REMHWDOHV 6 )UHXG  .OHLQ  )DLUEDLUQ  *XQWULS  
SRVWXOD TXH HQ FXDOTXLHU VHFXHQFLD GH FRQGXFWD HQ XQD VLWXDFLyQ HVWtPXOR GDGD OiPLQDV GHO 7$7 R GHO
5RUVFKDFK  HO H[DPLQDGR KDFH XQD VHOHFFLyQ HQ HO FDPSR SHUFHSWLYR \ HVWUXFWXUD OR TXH pO HOLJH SDUD
DGHFXDUORDODVUHODFLRQHVREMHWDOHVLQFRQVFLHQWHVTXHIDQWDVHyHQVXYLGDWHPSUDQDDOWUDWDUGHVDWLVIDFHU
XQD QHFHVLGDG SULPLWLYD 'H HVWH PRGR OR TXH pO YHD HVWDUi HQ IXQFLyQ GH ODV UHODFLRQHV REMHWDOHV TXH
FRQVWUX\yHQVXGtDSDUDSURWHJHUVHGHVXVGHVHRV\IDQWDVtDVLQFRQVFLHQWHV &XDGURQR,,, 

/RVWHVWVSUR\HFWLYRVJUiFRV
(QWUH\KXERXQDSUROLIHUDFLyQGHWHVWVSUR\HFWLYRVJUiFRVFX\RGHVDUUROOR\DSOLFDFLRQHV
VHH[SOLFDUiQPiVH[WHQVDPHQWHHQORVFDStWXORV9,,\9,,,/RVWHVWVSUR\HFWLYRVJUiFRVPiVXWLOL]DGRV
VRQ
(OWHVWGHOD)LJXUD+XPDQD'$3 .0DFKRYHU6/HY\0.RSSLW] 
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(OWHVWGHOD)DPLOLD /&RUPDQ5&%XUQV\6+.DXIPDQ-0/OXtV(
=HQHTXHOL5)UDQNGH9HUWKHO\ 

4.4.1. Test de la Figura Humana

(Q HO WHVW GH OD )LJXUD +XPDQD '$3  VREUHVDOHQ ODV LQYHVWLJDFLRQHV GH ) *RRGHQRXJK .
0DFKRYHU\0.RSSLW]*RRGHQRXJK  HVWXGLDODLQWHOLJHQFLDSRUPHGLRGHOGLEXMR0DFKRYHU  
EDViQGRVHHQHOGLEXMRGHODSHUVRQDHLQYHVWLJDFLRQHVGH*RRGHQRXJKGHVDUUROODVXSURSLRWHVWLQFOX\HQGR
HQODFRQVLJQDODVHJXQGDJXUDKXPDQD)LQDOPHQWH(0.RSSLW] 1967,  WUDWDGHFRQRFHUHQJUi-
ficos, el QLYHOGHPDGXUH]PHQWDOGHOH[DPLQDGRDSDUWLUGHODQiOLVLVHYROXWLYRGHVXVGLEXMRV\HOJUDGRGH
distorsin DIHFWLYDEDViQGRVHHQHODQiOLVLVGHORVLQGLFDGRUHVHPRFLRQDOHV

4.4.2. Test de la Casa, rbol, Persona


(OVHJXQGRJUDQJUXSRGHWHVWVSUR\HFWLYRVJUiFRVFRPSUHQGHHOWHVWGHOD&DVDUERO3HUVRQD
+73 GH%XFN  LQGDJDFLRQHVTXHFRQWLQXDURQ+DPPHU  \/HY\  \%XFN
Los tests proyectivos 33

MXQWDPHQWHFRQ:DUUHQ  (*UDVVDQR  5)UDQN  \SRVWHULRUPHQWHDOJXQRVGH


QRVRWURV 3pUH])UHL[HV5RYLUD\9LYHV%DUERVDHWDOWHUV9LYHV
 KHPRVWUDWDGRGHPRVWUDUODUHODFLyQH[LVWHQWHHQWUHGHWHUPLQDGDVSURGXFFLRQHVJUiFDV\ORV
FRUUHVSRQGLHQWHVLQGLFDGRUHVSVLFRSDWROyJLFRVVXUHODFLyQFRQRWUDVSUXHEDV\FRQFDGDSHUtRGRHYROXWLYR

4.4.3.Dibujo de la Familia

(OWHUFHUWHVWJUiFRPiVGLIXQGLGRHQQXHVWURPHGLRHVHOWHVWGHO'LEXMRGHOD)DPLOLD&RUPDQ
 EDViQGRVHHQODWHRUtDIUHXGLDQDFOiVLFDWUDWDGHFRQRFHUHQFDGDQLxR\DGROHVFHQWHH[DPLQDGR
HOJUDGRGHGHSHQGHQFLDDJUHVLYLGDGULYDOLGDGIUDWHUQDHOWLSRGHUHODFLyQLQWHUSHUVRQDOHOPHFDQLVPRGH
GHIHQVDXWLOL]DGRYDORUL]DFLyQGHVYDORUL]DFLyQDLVODPLHQWRUHJUHVLyQH[SUHVLyQLQGLUHFWDGHODDJUHVLYLGDG
UHDFFLRQHVGHSUHVLYDVHWF.HOSUHGRPLQLRGHXQDLQVWDQFLDSVtTXLFD(OOR<R6XSHU<R\ODE~VTXHGDGHO
HTXLOLEULRFRPRIRUPDGHUHVROYHUXQFRQLFWRDXQTXHSDUDHOORHOSDFLHQWHVHVLUYDGHGHIHQVDVREVHVLYDV\
UHJUHVLYDV2WUDVDSRUWDFLRQHVDOGLEXMRGHOD)DPLOLDFRUUHVSRQGHQD5&%XUQV\6+.DXIPDQ  
5)UDQNGH9HUWKHO\  -0/OXtV  \(=HTXHQHOOL  
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SDXODWLQDPHQWH KDQ VLGR GH QXHYR UHYDORUL]DGRV JUDFLDV DO HPSXMH GH OD 3VLFRORJtD &RJQLWLYD TXH WLHQH
HQWUHVXVREMHWLYRVHOHVWXGLRGHORVSURFHVRVPHQWDOHVGHVDUUROORGHODUHVSXHVWDFRQWHQLGRV\HVWUXFWXUDV
GHOSHQVDPLHQWRHVWXGLRVLQLFLDGRVSRU5RUVFKDFK\FRQWLQXDGRVSRUQXPHURVRVDXWRUHVFX\RVUHVXOWDGRV
UHVXPH ([QHU HQ  $FWXDOPHQWH VX XVR YXHOYH D HVWDU YLJHQWH \ VRQ QXPHURVDV ODV 6RFLHGDGHV
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QXPHURVRVWHUDSHXWDV\SVLFyORJRVFOtQLFRV GHGLFDGRVDODLQYHVWLJDFLyQGHO5RUVFKDFKODVWpFQLFDV\ORV
WHVWVSUR\HFWLYRV &XDGUR1,,, 

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GHO;,;  UHODFLRQDUVH

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 TXHQDFHUtDEDMRODLQXHQFLDGH
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 XQDSHUVSHFWLYDSUR\HFWLYD

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   &'0RUJDQ\+$0XUUD\FUHDQHOWHVWGH$SHUFHSFLyQ7HPiWLFD 7$7 

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SVLFROyJLFRQRUPDO
6RFLHGDG&DWDODQDGHO5RUVFKDFK 6&5<03 6RFLHGDG(VSDxRODGHO5RUVFKDFK 6(5<03 (XURSHDQ5RUVFKDFK6RFLHW\
(5$ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO5RUVFKDFK6RFLHW\ ,56 
34 Tests proyectivos

   . 0DFKRYHU \ SRVWHULRUPHQWH /HY\  DJUHJD D OD FRQVLJQD GHO +73 HO GLEXMR GH OD VHJXQGD
 JXUDKXPDQD +733 

  /&RUPDQFUHDHOWHVW31
 
   +3KLOOLSVRQSUHVHQWDHOWHVWGH5HODFLRQHV2EMHWDOHV 752 
   /&RUPDQHODERUDHOWHVWGHO'LEXMRGHOD)DPLOLD

 $ODVDSRUWDFLRQHVDQWHULRUHVVHKDQDJUHJDGRHQWUHRWUDVODVVLJXLHQWHV

   - ( ([QHU UHIXQGH ORV FLQFR VLVWHPDV 5RUVFKDFK QRUWHDPHULFDQRV HQ XQ ~QLFR VLVWHPD 7KH
 &RPSUHKHQVLYH6\VWHP 

   (+DPPHU6/HY\%XFN\:DUUHQDPSOtDQODLQYHVWLJDFLyQGHO+73

   *UDVVDQR 6LTXLHU *$U]HQR 5 )UDQN DSRUWDQ QXHYRV GDWRV D ODV LQYHVWLJDFLRQHV GHO ')+
 +73WHVWGHODSDUHMD\WHVWGH3KLOOLSVRQ

   (0.RSSLW]VLVWHPDWL]DHOWHVWGHO'LEXMRGHOD)LJXUD+XPDQD

   $YLODHIHFW~DXQDDGDSWDFLyQGHO7$7HQODSREODFLyQHVSDxROD

&$5$&7(567,&$6'(/267(676352<(&7,926
6RQQXPHURVRVORVDXWRUHV $Q]LHX%HOO0HLOL6DPL$OL5RVHQ]ZHLJHWF TXHFRLQFLGHQHQDWULEXLU
DORVWHVWVSUR\HFWLYRVXQDVHULHGHFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV

&DUDFWHUtVWLFDVIRUPXODGDVSRU'$Q]LHX
$Q]LHX  LGHQWLFDODVVLJXLHQWHV
(QSULPHUOXJDUVXEUD\DODVLWXDFLyQGHOLEHUWDGGHUHVSXHVWD\HOPDUJHQGHWLHPSRGHOTXHVHGLVSRQH
DQWHODH[SRVLFLyQGHXQPDWHULDOVHDHVWtPXORFRQVLJQDRDFWLYLGDGTXHVHSURSRQJDDOVXMHWR
(QORVWHVWVSUR\HFWLYRVQRVHGDQUHVSXHVWDVFRUUHFWDVRLQFRUUHFWDVSUHYLDPHQWHSUHSDUDGDVVLQR
TXHHOVXMHWRUHVSRQGHDODVPDQFKDVGHWLQWDDODVOiPLQDVRDODVFRQVLJQDVSURSXHVWDVKDFLHQGR
XVRGHVXVPHFDQLVPRVSHUFHSWLYRSUR\HFWLYRV
/RVHVWtPXORVHQJHQHUDOVRQSRFRHVWUXFWXUDGRVDPELJXRVHVSHFLDOPHQWHHQGHWHUPLQDGDVSUXHEDV
PDQFKDVGLEXMRVSDODEUDVGDQGROXJDUDXQDJUDQFDQWLGDGGHUHVSXHVWDV(VWHKHFKRGLFXOWDVX
HVWDQGDUL]DFLyQ DSUHFLDFLyQVRVWHQLGDSRU%HOO 
/RVWHVWVSUR\HFWLYRVSHUPLWHQUHYHODU\DTXtFRLQFLGHQXHYDPHQWHFRQ%HOOODSHUVRQDOLGDGWRWDOR
SDUWHVGHHOODLQFOXLGDVHQXQDYLVLyQJOREDO6HXWLOL]DSDUDHOORHODQiOLVLVGHODVUHVSXHVWDVRVX
LQWHUURJDWRULRSRVWHULRU

&RQVLGHUDFLRQHVHIHFWXDGDVSRU-(%HOO
%HOO  VXEUD\DTXHGHELGRDODJUDQYDULHGDGGHWpFQLFDVSUR\HFWLYDVH[LVWHQWHVHKDFHGLItFLO
JHQHUDOL]DUVREUHHOODV\FLWDDOJXQDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVFRPXQHV
 /D SULPHUD HV OD SUHVHQFLD GH XQ HVWtPXOR TXH QR PDQLHVWD R VyOR OR KDFH SDUFLDOPHQWH HO
YHUGDGHURSURSyVLWRGHOH[DPLQDGRUDOUHTXHULUXQDUHVSXHVWD(VWDSULPHUDFDUDFWHUtVWLFDFRQVLVWHHQ
UHGXFLUHOFRQWUROFRQVFLHQWHGHOVXMHWRVREUHVXFRQGXFWDSDUDTXHVHDDQDOL]DGD\RULJLQDUHVSXHVWDV
TXHUHHMDQVXSURSLDLQGLYLGXDOLGDG
Los tests proyectivos 35

/DLQWHUSUHWDFLyQTXHHOVXMHWRKDFHGHODVLWXDFLyQGHWHVWRIUHFHHOSULPHUUHHMRGHVXSHUVRQDOLGDG
6HVXSRQHTXHHOVXMHWRRUJDQL]DORVVXFHVRVHQIXQFLyQGHVXVPRWLYDFLRQHVSHUFHSFLRQHVDFWLWXGHV
LGHDVHPRFLRQHV\GHWRGRVORV DVSHFWRVGHVXSHUVRQDOLGDG(QFXDQWRDFHSWDHVWDKLSyWHVLVHO
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WRGRV ORV WLSRV GH WHVWV TXH FRQVLGHUD QHFHVDULRV SDUD HO REMHWLYR GHO GLDJQyVWLFR (Q OD SUiFWLFD
DO PHQRV HQ OD HODERUDFLyQ GH DOJXQDV VLWXDFLRQHV TXH KDFH HO VXMHWR KD GHPRVWUDGR VHUYLU GH
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SUR\HFWLYDV
(OVHJXQGRDVSHFWRGHOPpWRGRFRP~QDODVWpFQLFDVSUR\HFWLYDVHVTXHEULQGDQXQDPXHVWUDGHOD
FRQGXFWDLQGLYLGXDOVXFLHQWHPHQWHH[SUHVLYD\FRQVXFLHQWHEUHYHGDGFRPRSDUDVHUFOtQLFDPHQWH
XWLOL]DEOH \ OR EDVWDQWH HVWLPXODQWH FRPR SDUD SURYRFDU XQD VHULH GH UHVSXHVWDV GHO VXMHWR (Q OD
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GHFRQGXFWDV/DVWpFQLFDVSUR\HFWLYDVDFHQW~DQSULPHUDPHQWHODSHFXOLDULGDGGHUHVSXHVWDVDTXHOODV
FXDOLGDGHVTXHGLVWLQJXHQHQWUHVtDORVLQGLYLGXRV3RUWDQWRODPHMRUWpFQLFDHVODTXHFRQWURODXQ
PD\RUUHSHUWRULRGHUHVSXHVWDVHQHOPHQRUWLHPSRSRVLEOH
(QWDQWRTXHXQRGHORVREMHWLYRVGHHVWRVPpWRGRVGHLQWHUSUHWDFLyQFRQVLVWHHQHODERUDUQRUPDV
HVWiQGDUHOYDORUGHWDOHVQRUPDVUHVLGHQRWDQWRHQHOKHFKRGHTXHDJUXSDQMXQWDPHQWHSHUVRQDVSRU
VXVVHPHMDQ]DVVLQRHQFXDQWRLQGLFDQGLVFUHSDQFLDVRGHVHPHMDQ]DVFRQODVQRUPDV(VWRVLJQLFD
TXHODVUHVSXHVWDVDXQWHVWSUR\HFWLYRVRQPHQRVIiFLOHVGHDEVWUDHUFXDQWLWDWLYDPHQWHHQXQDVLPSOH
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ODV UHVSXHVWDV D ORV WHVWV SUR\HFWLYRV VRQ PiV GLItFLOHV GH WUDWDU HVWDGtVWLFDPHQWH TXH ORV WLSRV GH
UHVSXHVWDVOLPLWDGDVTXHVXPLQLVWUDQORVWHVWVGHSDSHO\OiSL]KDFLHQGRDVtGHODHVWLPDFLyQ\YDOLGH]
GHODVWpFQLFDVXQSURFHGLPLHQWRGLItFLOSHURHVHQFLDO
8QDWHUFHUDFDUDFWHUtVWLFDFRP~QDOPpWRGRGHODVWpFQLFDVSUR\HFWLYDVHVFRQVLGHUDUODFRQGXFWD
UHJLVWUDGDWDQWRFRPRODSHUVRQDOLGDGTXHODSURGXFHFRPRXQDWRWDOLGDGRUJDQL]DGDeVWDHVXQD
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