Name Teoh Jia Jun

Student ID 1607253
Title of Experiment SOLUTION CONSTRUCTION OF SOLUBILITY CURVE FOR
POTASSIUM CHLORATE
No of Experiment 10
Date of Experiment 27 February 2017
Date of Submission 13 March 2017
Name of Lecturer Ms Chang Chew Cheen
Practical Group P3
Practical Sub-group G4

Student ID Group member names

1) 1606889 Kelly Teh Ka Ling
2) 1606599 Emmanuel John a/l Baptist
Title: Solution- Construction of solubility curve for potassium chlorate.
Objective:
1. To calculate the solubility of a substance under variety of temperature.
2. To construct the solubility curve for potassium chlorate.
Introduction:
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to
dissolve in a solvent. It is measured in terms of the maximum amount of solute dissolved in a
solvent at equilibrium. The resulting solution is called a saturated solution.

A solution is homogeneous mixture of two or more substances where the proportions of

which may vary between certain limits.The following types of mixtures may form:

1. Gas in gas,
2. Gas in liquid,
3. Liquid in liquid, and
4. Solid in liquid.
This experiment is performed to obtain a solubility curve for solid potassium chlorate in
water at different temperature.
A solubility curve relates the concentration of a saturated solution to temperature. Generally,
we measure the solubility of a solute in an aqueous solution in grams of solute per 100 grams of
water. Solutions are also a mixture of solvents and solutes. For example, a coffee is a solution,
which the solute is the coffee powder and is dissolved in the solvent which is water. The solute
and solvent can be either a solid, liquid or a gas. A solution forms when the attractive forces
between the solute and the solvent are similar. For example, sodium chloride, NaCl, dissolves in
water, and forms a polar solvent.
When the water molecules collide with the ionic compound which is NaCl, the charged of
the water molecule become attracted to the positive Na+ ions and Cl- ions. The water molecules
surround the ions and the ions move into solution. The attraction between the water molecules
and the ionic compound, NaCl, is called solvation. It will occur until all the crystal has dissolved
and all the ions are distributed throughout the solvent.
Apparatus and Materials:
Solid potassium chlorate, Distilled water, Thermometer (100C), Burette, Boiling tube, Hot plate,
Beaker, Ice (if necessary),
Experimental Procedures:
3.00 g of potassium chlorate was weighed accurately and placed into a boiling tube. 10.0 cm of
water was added from a burette and a thermometer was placed into the boiling tube. Boiling tube
was placed into a beaker of water. The water was heated and the content was stirred in the
boiling tube gently with a glass rod until the solid has just dissolved completely. The boiling tube
was removed from the hot water, and was allowed to cool in air with constant stirring. The
temperature at which crystals start to form was noted in the boiling tube. The experiment was
repeated, and the temperature was determined again. The average temperature was taken as the
temperature at which the solution is just saturated. 5.0 cm more of water was added from the
burette, and the temperature was determine as described above. The procedure was repeated until
about 40.0 cm of water has been added.

Result:
Volume of water/ ml Temperature/ Mass of KClO3 per 100g H2O/
g
10 63 30.018
15 57 20.012
20 42 15.009
25 34 12.007
30 28 10.006
35 25 8.5766
40 20 7.5045
Discussion:
When determining the solution of a substance, we must know the heat of solution(Hsol),
lattice energy and the heat of hydration(Hhydr ). Heat of solution is the total enthalpy change
that occurs when a solution is formed from solute and solvent. Negative value of heat of solution
indicates that the process is exothermic(releases heat) while positive value of heat of solution
indicates that the process of dissolving of a substance is endothermic (absorbs heat). Heat of
solution is one of the two factors that determine the solubility of a solute. Heat of hydration is the
enthalpy change for the hydration of one mole of separated(gaseous) ions while lattice energy
is the enthalpy change that occurs when one mole of ionic solid separates into gaseous ions
which indicates the strength of ionic interaction in the solid. Most ionic solids have positive heat
of solution because their lattice energy is greater than the heats of hydration. Thus, heat
is absorbed to form a solution. This indicates that solids are more soluble at higher temperature.
Rise in temperature causes the increase of solubility. In this experiment, the graph of the relation
between solubility and temperature of KClO3 shows solubility increases when temperature rises.
Our prediction is that the solubility will continue to increase if the temperature continues to rise.
An important precaution must be taken in this experiment, which is the reading of temperature
must be taken as soon as the salt crystals start to form. The crystallization of salt must be
observed carefully.

Conclusion:
For many solids dissolved in liquid water, the solubility increases with temperature. The increase
in kinetic energy that comes with higher temperatures allows the solvent molecules to more
effectively break apart the solute molecules that are held together by intermolecular attractions.
Reference:
1. Peter Hong Leong Cheah, (2009). Experiment 9 Short. Retrieved 11 March, 2017, from
https://www.scribd.com/doc/18026424/Experiment-9-Short

2. University Of Tunku Abdul Rahman.2016. Solution-Construction of Solubility Curve for

Potassium Chlorate. In. Lab Manual UDEC1134 Chemistry Laboratory I, Bachelor of Science
(Hons) Chemistry, 2017, page 19-20.