USING ANIMAL IN RESEARCH

& EDUCATION
Adapted from :
PEER.tamu.edu (2010)
Quick Questions

Why do we need to use animals for research and

teaching?

What have people learned from animal research?

Are the animals used in research & education

protected and taken care of?

Does everyone agree with using animals for research or

do some people disagree?
1. Why do we need to use animals for
research and teaching?
The functions of cells and organs are basically the same
in animals and humans.

Animal cells
function in many
of the same ways
as human cells.
Biologically,
humans are in the
Animal Kingdom.

An animal cell

What we learn from animals is useful in human and

animal medicine.
1. Why do we need to use animals for
research and teaching?
Animal are used to:
Understand how diseases affect living tissue
Develop and test treatments including treatments
for animals
Train future scientists and health-care professionals
1. Why do we need to use animals for
research and teaching?
Can Computer Models and Cell Cultures Replace Animal Research?

Non-animal models are very

important, but have limitations.
They cannot duplicate the
complicated interactions in a whole
system.
Final testing depends on studies in
living, whole animals or people.
This is actually required by federal
law.
1. Why do we need to use animals for
research and teaching?
Can Results from Animal Studies Really Be Applied to Humans?

They CAN and ARE. Virtually all drugs, devices and medical
procedures have been developed with some animal research.

This dog, Kodi, underwent hip replacement surgery twice.

Hip replacement surgical techniques were tested first on
animals and now help both animals and people.
2. What Have We Learned From Animal
Research?
Animal research has played a major role in
nearly all medical advances for both humans
and other animals.

So what animals have helped with medical

advances?
Lets look at some specific examples
 Animal Use in Biomedical Research

Landsteiner and Popper proved it

infectious; able to transmit
disease to monkeys.
Salk and Sabin developed their
vaccine through work with
chickens and monkeys.

Polio was one of the most dreaded childhood diseases of the 20th century.
Polio epidemics have crippled thousands of people, mostly young children;
the disease has caused paralysis and death for much of human history.
Developed in the 1950s, polio vaccines are credited with reducing the
global number of polio cases per year from many hundreds of thousands to
around a thousand.
Animal Use in Biomedical Research

Studies in sheep led to use of steroids in treatment of

respiratory distress syndrome, a major cause of death in
premature infants.
Advances in understanding and treatment of sudden infant
death syndrome (SIDS) came from studies in rats, mice,
dogs, and sheep.
Animal Use in Biomedical Research
Goldblatt linked HBP to kidneys in rats, cats, and dogs. This
research led to treatments for high blood pressure.
Cushing linked HBP to brains in dogs. This research led to
understanding the nervous systems influence on blood
pressure and development of drugs to treat it.
 Animal Use in Biomedical Research

Major risk factor for diabetes mellitus, high blood

pressure, heart attack, stroke and certain cancers
Mouse models and Zucker obese rats are shedding new
light on causes of overeating, importance of leptin
receptors, and ways that obesity leads to disease.
 Animal Use in Biomedical Research

Current anti-AIDS treatment developed in animals

have greatly extended life expectancy and quality of
life for AIDS victims.
AIDS vaccines are being developed in monkeys.
Tugas
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The Next Question

Who benefits from using animals in research?

Quick Question
Are the animals used in research &
education protected and taken care of?

Does everyone agree with using animals

for research or do some people disagree?

BIOETHIC & ANIMAL WELFARE