E CUACIONES D IFERENCIALES O RDINARIAS

Formulario: Transformada de Laplace

Andrs Merino

1 Definiciones
1. Transformada de Laplace: Z
L [ f (t)] = est f (t) dt.
0

2. Funcin Gamma: Z
(x) = et t x1 dt.
0

3. Funcin Beta: Z 1
( x, y) = u x1 (1 u)y1 du.
0

4. Funcin de Heaviside o funcin de salto unitario:

(
1 si t > a,
u(t a) =
0 si t < a.

5. Convolucin: Z t
f (t) g(t) = f (u) g(t u) du.
0

6. Delta de Dirac (
si t = a,
(t a) =
0 si t 6= a.

2 Principales transformadas
s
1. L [cos at] = , s > 0,
s2 + a2
a
2. L [sen at] = 2 , s > 0,
s + a2
s
3. L [cosh at] = 2 , s > | a |,
s a2
a
4. L [senh at] = 2 , s > | a |,
s a2
1
L e at =
 
5. , s > a,
sa

1
 ( + 1)
6. L [t ] = , > 1 y s > 0,
s +1
n!
7. L [tn ] = , n N y s > 0,
s n +1
8. L [(t a)] = eas , para todo s,

eas
9. L [u(t a)] = , s > 0.
s

3 Propiedades
3.1 Funcin Gamma
G1. ( x + 1) = x ( x ),

 
1
G2. = ,
2
G3. (n + 1) = n!, para todo n N.

3.2 Funcin Beta

( x ) (y)
B1. ( x, y) = .
( x + y)

3.3 Funcin de Heaviside o funcin de salto unitario

U1.

f 1 (t) si t < t1 ,
f 2 (t) si t1 t < t2 ,

f (t) = f 3 (t) si t2 t < t3 ,

.. ..


. .
f (t) = f 1 (t) + u(t t1 )[ f 2 (t) f 1 (t)] + u(t t2 )[ f 3 (t) f 2 (t)] + .

3.4 Convolucin
C1. [ f (t) g(t)] h(t) = f (t) [ g(t) h(t)],

C2. f (t) g(t) = g(t) f (t).

3.5 Delta de Dirac

D1. u0 (t a) = (t a),
(
f ( n ) ( t0 )
Z b
si t0 ( a, b),
D2. f (t)(n) (t t0 ) dt =
a 0 si t0 6 ( a, b).

2
3.6 Transformada de Laplace
L1. Linealidad: La transformada de Laplace tiene inversa, y ambas son lineales.
L2. Transformada de la derivada:

L f 0 (t) = sL [ f (t)] f (0),

 

L f 00 (t) = s2 L [ f (t)] s f (0) f 0 (0),

 

n
L f (n) (t) = sn L [ f (t)] sni f (i1) (0).
h i

i =1

L3. Transformada de la integral:

t
Z 
1
L f ( ) d = L [ f (t)] ,
0 s

  Z t
1
L 1
(s) = L 1 [ (s)] dt.
s 0

L4. Traslacin en la base:

L e at f (t) = L [ f (t)] 
  
,

s=s a

L 1 [ (s a)] = eat L 1 [ (s)] .

L5. Derivada de la transformada:
dn 
L L

[tn f (t)] = (1)n [ f ( t )] ,
dsn

L 1 L 1 [ (s)] .
h i
(n) (s) = (1)n tn

L6. Traslacin:
L [u(t a) f (t a)] = eas L [ f (t)] ,

L 1 eas (s) = u(t a) L [ (s)] 

1
  
.

t=t a

L7. Funcin peridica: (con periodo p)

Z p
est f (t) dt
L [ f (t)] = 0
.
1 e ps
L8. Convolucin:
L [ f (t) g(t)] = L [ f (t)] L [ g(t)] ,

L 1 [ (s)(s)] = L 1 [ (s)] L 1 [(s)] .