THE PLACE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE

NIGERIAN ENERGY SECTOR*

Prof Abubakar S. Sambo, OON, NPOM

Director-General, Energy Commission of Nigeria
Plot 701C, Central Area, PMB 358, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria
Email: dg@energy.gov.ng or assambo@yahoo.com

*Presented at the World Future Council Workshop on Renewable Energy Policies,

10th October, 2009, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Prof. A. S. Sambo
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 Jebba

Prof. A. S. Sambo Fig.1: Maps of Nigeria and Africa 2

 INTRODUCTION
l Total Area: 92.4 million hectares (Land 86%, Water
14%)
l Forest and Woodlands: 11.6%
l Polity: Democracy (Presidential System)
l Population: 151 million (2008)
l Economic Indicators:

GDP growth rate: 5.3% (2008)

Inflation rate: 5.0% (2008)

Exchange rate: 1$ = N160 (2008)

Major contributor to foreign
exchange earnings: oil ( 88.6% in 2008)
l Social Indicators in 2008

GDP/Capita: $1,170

Energy Intensity 0.17 kgoe/$

Energy Consumption/Capita: 0.153 toe

Urbanization: 40%

Population Growth rate: 2.2%

Adult Literacy rate: 69%

Life Expectancy : 54 years
Prof. A. S. Sambo
Incidence of poverty 54%
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 ENERGY RESOURCES IN NIGERIA

Table 1: Fossil and Nuclear Type

Resources

Reserves Domestic
S/N Resource Type Utilization
Energy Units Production (Natural
(Natural Units
(Btoe*) units)
1 Crude Oil 36.22 billion barrels 5.03 2.5 million 450,000
barrels/day barrels/
day
2 Natural Gas 187 Trillion SCF 4.19 6 Billion SCF/day 3.4 billion
SCF/day
3 Coal and lignite 2.175 billion tonnes 1.52 (insignificant) (insignificant)

4 Tar Sands 31 billion barrels of 4.31 - -

equivalent
5 Nuclear Element Not yet qualified - - -
Prof. A. S. Sambo
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 ENERGY RESOURCES. Contd
Table 2: Renewable Energy Resource
Reserves Domestic
S/No Resource Type Production Utilization
(Natural Units Energy Units (Btoe*) (Natural units)
1 Hydropower large 11,250 MW 0.8 (over 40 yrs) 1938 MW 1938 MW
2 Small Hydropower 3,500 MW 0.34 (over 30 MW 30 MW
40years)
3 Solar Radiation 3.5 - 7.0 KWh/m2/day (4.2 5.2 (40 years and 6 MWh/day 6 MWh/day
million MWh/day using 0.1% 0.1% Nigeria land Solar PV Solar PV
Nigeria land area) area)

4 Wind (2-4) m/s at 10m height (main 0.0003 (4m/s @ - -

land) 12% speed
probability, 70m
height, 20m rootor,
0.1% land area, 40
yrs.)

5 Fuelwood 11 million - 0.120 million 0.120 million

hectares of forest tonnes/day tonnes/day
and woodland
Animal waste 211 million - 0.781 million Not available
Biomass assorted animals Excess of tonnes of
1.2m waste/day
Energy Crops 28.2 million tonnes/day - 0.256 million Not available
and Agric hectares of Arable tonnes of
Residue Land ( 30% of assorted
total land) crops/day

Prof. A. *Tonnes
S. Samboof oil equivalent
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 POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK

l A National Energy Policy was approved by the Government in 2003 with the
overall thrust of optimal utilization of the nation
nations energy resources; both
conventional and renewable, for sustainable development and with the active
participation of the private sector.
l The policy articulated amongst other things that:

Extensive crude oil and natural gas exploration and development shall be
pursued with the view to increasing their reserves base to the highest level
possible.

The nation shall continue to engage extensively in the development of
electric power with the view to making reliable electricity available to 75% of
the population by 2020; as well as to broaden the energy options for
generating electricity.
l In 2005, an Act of the National Assembly was passed into law liberalizing
liberalizing the
electricity sector; thus, the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission and
the Rural Electrification Agency were established therefrom.
l In 2008, the reform of the oil and gas sector to make it more business
business driven as
recommended by the OGIC is in the process of being backed by a law. law.
Prof. A. S. Sambo
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 THE RENEWABLE ENERGY MASTERPLAN

The Renewable Energy Masterplan for Nigeria, Produced in 2006 with Support
from the UNDP:

l Articulates :

Nigerias vision for achieving sustainable development.

A road map for renewable energy to help achieve this vision.
l Envisions :

An economy that gradually move from a monolithic fossil economy to
one driven by an increasing share of renewable energy in the
national energy mix.

Exploitingrenewable energy in quantities and at prices that will
promote the achievement of equitable and sustainable growth.

An energy transition from crude oil to a less carbon intensive
economy increasingly powered by gas and increasing role for RE.
Prof. A. S. Sambo
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 THE RENEWABLE ENERGY MASTERPLAN
(cntd)
Objectives of the REMP
l The overall objective of the REMP is to articulate a roadmap for
national development through the accelerated development and
exploitation of renewable energy.
l The REMP which will provide a comprehensive framework for
developing renewable energy, will ensure:
u Expanding access to energy services to Nigerians,
u Raising the standard of living, especially in the rural areas,
u Stimulating economic growth, employment and empowerment,
u Increasing the scope and quality of rural services, including, schools, health
services, water supply, information, entertainment and stemming the migration to
urban areas,
u Reducing environmental degradation and health risks, particularly to vulnerable
groups such as women and children.

Prof. A. S. Sambo
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 THE RENEWABLE ENERGY MASTERPLAN
(cntd)
Table 4: Projected Electricity Demand
Scenario 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
l The electricity demand
Reference
projections for the four (7%) 5746 15730 28360 50820 77450 119200
economic growth High
Growth
scenarios, 7%, 10%, (10%) 5746 15920 30210 58180 107220 192000
11.5% and 13% under Optimistic
industrializing (11.5%) 5746 16000 31240 70760 137370 250000
Optimistic
conditions are as (13%) 5746 33,250 64,200 107,600 172,900 297,900
shown in Table 4
Projected Electricity Demand

300000

250000

200000
MW

150000

100000

50000

0
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Year
Reference High Grow th Optimistic
Prof. A. S. Sambo
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 TARGETS OF THE REMP
Targets for Renewable Energy Contribution to Electricity
Generation (MW) in Nigeria

S/N. RESOURCE SHORT MEDIUM LONG

1 Hydro (large) 1930 5930 48,000
2 Hydro (small) 100 734 19,000
3 Solar PV 5 120 500
4 Solar Thermal - 1 5
5 Biomass - 100 800
6 Wind 1 20 40
All Renewables 2,036 6,905 68,345
All Energy Resources 16,000 30,000 192,000
% of Renewables 13% 23% 36%

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 TARGETS OF THE REMP (cntd)

Electricity access to rise to 75% by 2025

75% access

60% access

42% access
Expected Access
by 2025
Expected Access
by 2015

Access by 2005

Prof. A. S. Sambo
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 SOME RE PILOT PROJECTS

5 kW Wind Power for Village Electrification, Sayya 7.2 kWp PV Village Electrification, Kwalkwalawa, Sokoto
Gidan Gada, Sokoto State built by SERC State by SERC

Solar PV Internet Back-up at Nunet,

Prof. A. S. Sambo UDU, Sokoto
Wind Electrification at Sayya Gidan Gada, Wamakko 12
LG, Sokoto State
 SOME RE PILOT PROJECTS (cntd)

l Title: Community Based Pilot Water Heater

l Location: UDUTH
l Capacity: 1000 litres
l Cost: N420,000:00
l Year: 1998
l Objective: Water heating
l Sponsor: ECN
l Beneficiary: Gynae Lying-in Ward UDUTH

Solar Water Heater developed by NCERD

l Title: Riser & Spiral Water Heater

l Location: SERC Demonstration Area,
l Capacity: 20 litres
l Cost:; N7,000:00
l Year: 2003
l Objective: Research, Development. & Demonstration
l Sponsor: SERC
l Beneficiary: Staff & Students

A 1000-litre Solar Water Heating System at the

Maternity Ward of Usmanu Danfodiyo University
Teaching Hospital, Sokoto constructed by SERC.

Prof. A. S. Sambo
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 SOME RE PILOT PROJECTS (cntd)

2-Tonne Solar Rice Dryer at Adarice Co. Enugu state, A 2-Tonne Dryer at NAPRI, Zaria, constructed by SERC
built by NCERD

Large Scale Solar Dryer

Prof. A. S. Sambo
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 SOME RE PILOT PROJECTS (cntd)

Fixed dome Biogas digester at Mayflower

Secondary School, Ikenne, Ogun state

SAMPLES OF HOUSEHOLD BIOGAS DIGESTERS NCERD, NSUKKA

Prof. A. S. Sambo
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 SOME RE PILOT PROJECTS (cntd)

l Title: Single Hole Improved Wood burning stove l Title: Pilot Double hole improved wood stove
l Location: GGCSS Argungu
l Location: GGSS, Argungu, Kebbi State
l Capacity: Average of 40-40 person
l Capacity: Average family of 15-20 persons l Cost: N5,000
l Year: 2006 l Year: 2006
l Objective: Cooking
l Objective: Cooking
l Sponsor: SERC
l Sponsor: SERC l Beneficiary: School Community
l Beneficiary: School Community

Improved Wood Burning Stove

l Title: Improved Wood stoves just constructed before firing
l Location: Danjawa Village, Wamakko LG, Sokoto State

Prof. A. S. Sambo
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 MAJOR CHALLENGES
l Despite the installed petroleum products refining capacity of 445,000
445,000
6,000
barrel/day and electricity generation capacity in excess of 6,00 0 MW,
Nigeria imports over 70% of its petroleum products requirement while while
electricity supply is inadequate at just about 3,000 MW.
l Coal and renewable energy resources are grossly under utilized in in the
country despite their availability in reasonable quantities.
l Huge investment is required to upgrade and expand our power
generation, transmission and distribution systems, which government
government
alone cannot provide in view of other pressing demands of the
economy.
l Good potentials exist in the upstream business in the off-
off-shore, on-
on-
shore and inland basins of the country, as well as in the downstream
downstream
oil and gas business. Similar potentials exist in the power sector.
sector.
l The level of utilisation of the nation
nations huge renewable energy
resources is rather too low.
Prof. A. S. Sambo
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 CONCLUSION

With the vast renewable energy resources and a National

Energy Policy(NEP) as well as a National Renewable Energy
Masterplan(NREMP), Nigeria is well positioned to up-scale the
use of renewable energy.

The way forward for Nigeria is pass the NEP and the NREMP
into law to ensure their sustained implementation from one
government to another.

Prof. A. S. Sambo
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