Tenwciot €. Lorca Eat Ramm dpliay suds nth St an iat lil hates Fae 88 reas rac — Bosses Cres, Byzantinn and Proie 8 Bog ‘DL PORDAEICON CHETERD TEARSANO I STEIC ions: : a i ee Bini ii ake cs wn rs et See tie ene apa ape Pe Moy fe sp ne LE RELAZIONI INTERNAZIONALI Diesen one ad as NELL’ALTO MEDIOEVO Maou Bosco, Espo dr Pode Gea in in ‘lie Braren fan od ser Mer ms Diane sls eins Berge Som Ganst Mane Ghee, Le eda ya em ar dpa dy rade iis ht per Spoleto 8-12 aprile 2010 Disses as io Msiac- Go cdINDICE CConigi & smminscsicns © Congo seeaico dts "onions Cen saline uate meso Progamma dla Senses d 28850 ~ Arrase PaoorSscns, Pi Sint nena aio mers ~ Dissuion a noae Fader Sopp Picts Dero, Relea sete Dissine wl lone Destes Shcvarone Powers, Het «aie le dine gir Js inci adnan isanione lesions Pals . - Can Monrn, Le sid dw pie aan ‘aif ea et mechan argos . Discunlone sl leone Men acne Le Js, Meg ln ae Pei ine os ti Joe, Ne Th lf lym! pa Diesen nso Neon ae Cason, Sir + dpm i me Donan mle ieane Canssoane eo x xa a 0 ass JONATHAN SHEPARD ‘TROUBLE-SHOOTERS AND MEN-ON-THE SPOT: ‘THE EMPEROR'S DEALINGS WITH OUTSIDERS (One coafising spect of Byzntne diplomacy the broad and ‘ickering pectrum i present of consis betwen dae emperor 2d ‘ueiden. Ar oe end are the “rand embanser’well-policied and ‘ny wel-docimented exchanges between Byseiun snd eles owe, king copniance of separte jusdicdont" These ‘ulued exchanges of greetings, gat snd ieelogial possons, ‘Mle siglng pons of concer that were acgeasles ha tmbat™ ‘dom fen ~ bat not always ~ pores plenipotentiary powers 2p eared codes ru gl meg Ten ether pa Os ge sfc tpt Cre (eciot, Ans r ce w J Seen wl Pmt Be ‘Shh dete ney Co Byway, aD ain me cap app at Goren Demi Spey 2D ny ene a Mae N lms ay Pr tet ct ld ‘GG Se his yew pie Ter ph Poe). Soe Spiel ie hen genie ineoo ovum ‘A the other end ofthe seem te cover operations of ies nd oe agent, sn tna thi edt cr pper ean desea ‘hee seco ity and conspicuous the emperor roubles sigue to deal wits pauls woromy seussons ses their addresees; and shiney, ‘mep-on-he-spot, eyecwitneses of {Consanoplian was, now reed thls houeand yee otenally of eto the imperil cour ‘The seca was tlt voli, dapane shades sometines sewing ino mnenpeced colours, nd puasclooking: mia. oud mictamomphose int centres of combined opertice, That MidleByrantne tex the Poi Poon hou prec sepa ‘pe snd lack of cna record fr ambasacors fet) tay ‘be auspeing, while is empha o alsnee to oppastantio tad ‘8 teiiog an ambassadors 0 «how he woul seh edges ‘a contingencies before his mision mercy shows the ducSatonsy ower alloted to many embusis © Pehage more sing that $i lea of ga ote re ccd gs ow the onions ats sega 7 OME ipa Gav fiers Cams sa hee 8 dpa Cems pe nna eon, ans cep Tan oh gh sham) N Seman Bi mins Come oe nip Cen nT Gravy Fre hacen ee Ee acne ber noc Soman tat erphnsamiocfae nena Scatofbe penn ye Snou Sma 4 Sr sere heron tease Ss faa lee ape ya See tcp je sae ae $F no het he Od Sigh Diiny ee we pi smn «ahs i my ete a Sa Sad tear Be yeaa ani Be ts in Th Rami iy Teo 62. Dose ‘Wagon 8s pet Ded Sena Sad pag wO sehen homnsinun ine tws Oana intone {Se ig tae poses se ¥ Rowe Te PA cs oy ‘fess Gilt nes Dc ch as yp er whee er de feta mal TROURL SHOOTER WD MESON. SOT on [Taz Thownte-sioormns In eh ise secon, I shall ook at examples of wouble-shnotes ‘openitions and modes operand. Troubleshootes could be cour Detsonager st! or oter senior oficiales scone in he borden and eurport; or even ~accadonally~ trsted member ‘of prominent local tenis, They sere asigned by the emperor te ‘eury oot variegated services. Ther missions lacked the panes of {gand embassy g, and ofen Ind practi, sometimes primacly nly, specs humoucing loa, easing» emporary imperial presence ae strategie point, tapping sh reset of miltay ‘uanpowe,and providing technical aio potent ales. "Yer they sll roqired the mt ofl, good jodgement and ‘thical dimension recommended in the Fev praion. Above ll, ftoublesootere had to cope mith wnexpeced threat, making spubliry to circumstances vil. But se, too, was a cerain mor fneepity ~ probly pay so wf impress upon ouside he imurerontinew of pledges made and agreement rsched By che “ripeor repressive on his behalf ‘Ties not claim tat one ‘Should ake roc image cretion a fe vale, but 0 point out at, the chia dimension prescribed for the ‘igh diplomacy of ‘gand ‘embase’camed over its the more pragmnase sphere of souble ‘Soctng ‘One example of 2 cour-tused souble-abooter is Theopanes ‘he Climbers, plae-euneh wh gained the ra of Remo! etapenoe and wo i eredinad wilt comducting rons with {bregne at key pcre of oman rag, Hoa: hey nwa inthe pace wih Bulga in 97, deang both the peice terms and rmamagetloment between the emperor’ gandiaaghter Maria bd te Bulgarian ruler According to Symon the Logechetes (Chronicle, Theophanes diectedthing,« tdoouly ering in Demeen the Romans snd the Bulan»! Seven year beer ‘Theoplane went out to negotiate wath the Hungarians ater they dad ded Thrace and wubande reached Conrasinople Sue Seen ne Loco Onno. Wonca, Sune he cette (up can haar et) Belo New Wake 2hom osu seine ee STSCI Let sta ann Sree Be yun beeen MY te sep ala nde eles gent ett Thi espe ont ae sateen es oly St of us ake na SSSe LAA ae ST nage ee angen Sain Cee veya eps sown het gia wim ncn epee hea oar ee Gimeno ie Boe eee ee Spans ea Oo Be eee eg POaDg ar nadlnone wanes te aoe ORLA iano ae ee ‘puso ican neon ef el en es STN elk Svat Sets cee seaman canes ae ee NTL ned oe eae oes ‘eqhn! sou peat ans ea ee ale atten ages’, Hel cant tpn Unde ta tll ag hen eat sai. cnplemacionace ne “Tac eip ha po ea oa prominent dor coca caper ie pares a Seeks Pe a a RaCGEA hea oe haere a oe Saree ate als ede Cmte iy, che secknig ar wesnce woul uh cr SON oles Sh Ia ac cot Bat Ee Ain Pgs, te Zh 6 1 tonne De Kae Tagan p78 ‘URE DOTERS BO HERLONSTN SOT os the Tus The vehemence of the denunciations of Tats! mendacousen by wertees waiters sucha te author ofthe Gut "Fanorum shold aot iad uo the fc hat is elatons with he (Cruse leaders were clos and, upto the time of his para fom the cap at Anion in Fetronry 109, predicated on mura as ese Tudehode ss thit Taso bref wast guide the Crisler ‘excelenty« (pls), and Albee of Aachen rematts on his faulty with the rpion of Nicaea’ tein a one ofthe rents ‘why he was St aged eo aie wich the Crusades by Ales (PAu, even while deaoascng Takis for abundoning the Cruader sndcats how dsely he was involved in operations at ‘Batock, «diy» ging Pariealar ees upon commanders ‘Ropar, be was abe 9 addres he Cease, i gage they undebtood, as when he annosnced bi intention tose of © [Byrutine-commolled tertoy ia quae of fesh hones and spplies, frthem 7 Fle showed Ea for demonsintions of good fh ch t Tearing hit «pein » and hs serra behind sith the Crsaden, ‘bls prof tas he would soa rem * Taskor hed exjoyed he ‘eastand admintion of many, jcgingby the semen expresed in {he Chon dana a he context of dhe Cases siege of the ‘iy, Aevording to whit seems to be the eae Yeon ofthe 12 On Toki can fn Sc! mata nga ben pony stn oy ad Np DR Ramon ok ‘apr tne rs be a) edna New Yas p te 1Sloms snd of Sge Gra Boece 96 pat Neen NOTE RES eed Se pene os ee Vn Poeae Tema Hn Mein my af Ha ety iho 9 tas Ma a By oy JotRonchs si in op Fp} Hawt ten re PET ot at a tn th pa Pn Ra, Tat mr i a 36S in Pam Toc, to.96 sesso sania {Ghote had ons hee an abt sey pid to im fn pect of the sege of Nizea. The rey lagna eons of hing tnd per that some Crass ae ‘gant Tathioe may, ado be newure of hs sock among "ot ender up to fe moment es he led to male good aa roms ind enim te i ‘Ales may have enviaged sll mose important cole for “Tatkios, rang Desi ad jodgement sad when he cy of Anoh t's the Grader That alc, the oorlany ote ‘hea hat Alen bleed e bad engl speci erly Bokemond, and could exvinge fr Bohemond one kal of sate orp roth north and ea of Antor, one the iy {ei fad ped iano the nde of Talon or whosvar Tetons somisted™ Here, to, wef inet ply peed onthe fnpoyment of sgt who conjoined seo quer tata at ‘bron antl ‘bios sn ase of penn poi and smanding cpscigy fr easly tad ianpovoaon, Alosor ‘omen of ocr he Cig utah rs limp of Dyruntams tworpronged staegy. potential laioa Eevee oekeahowns undies onthespot i ec had powering wth 08 power Denne Qioe 1 alt. Fra tomkedcpon ai a i, Judie nde Genego ites txtapectvesie See nese Eoasoon wm pe th snkpenier tly woe eo {be Gin tt omagh pone auc ly ma Ea ‘ignana ne: fom era _ SSeS pe teil tia So The gun of why Tudor cut Anioch se edo nen cnt be inven Sew et ose eos snare ‘don toad wt yey Seng eninn dee mde ene ‘pea, eee. Byes Cat a gO Syn in Se 90 gp ere Oey pam shee ace pach one -mickatesieorens Mo ames oor The majority of thos sent om troubleshooting misons ere somewhat lower prole than Theophane the Chante, and ‘Bip emully ues e had to fll in chee background: ny met probaly, S07 = cerain panic arsed Nikene Ted ont 2 et ors Consastincple eo dea wath an alsming new Seaton inthe ‘Adsase.Afer i victory over the Avan, Charlemagne fad dows ‘muerst ip the wade routs Bom Pazmonla tothe Adee sd his date fr conte of Venice and ite et intend. Tow sloag the ‘Upper Dalmatian cous began fo enter the Frankish fbi, co syputhetie dope seem w lave promoted te Frank cause tere, ‘2 Byznsiana had no conteright inthe sean. Afer puting in ‘Dakin ors, Net proceeded to win over the foemenoned ddoges the brothers Obelin and Beat, conferring he cou ie of ‘pathos on Obelio, a tkang Beato and other noble hosages, frck to Constantinople, where the empecor confers seer te fon Besto™ He abo negotiated a pata with Chatemagne's 0 Pepin, Frankish King of Italy. However, hoses soon resumed, smother lee had to be vent to halt the Franks conquest of the Tagoon, and teasions only eased ence Chariemagae's peace wenty ‘Somnath Eat Roe Bp Byam rnd Gre Ae RS ih Ou Sp gee ‘fe Oxted ets Komen rbot es, Th theme eer penetra ih Cena say ent a eS ued Cour pe ea of ‘ies digs oder ce hnga ear beget ed ened omney wel ie ht eens ped or robe Fo Rd donor Nen mba sede Vos ‘he Conese a nt Cop ede ming Sree en Peco Fass DSi ig in sw Se upended ef he ay ‘nts ico cin Gtr wf se Sari ERE ep at Rotana bis Seton ie You, phos mate Pitty See Pez Pe ft Busan Sen al © Movs Cone Pune Foxit ae ase dan a a, Steon surnam swith Byzanum was agreed at Aachin n B12 gn eventually red thereby hs mccesor, Lous the Pious ia S14 “The cle ofthis bessoted by Nikets on Obelieio wt the most senios yet confered on a doge, and that few af Obeleo's Deedecesons are kaown to have received any ele all eoggen couse to dente measures 2 cole local ete”? Bat thre ce (rounds for belcving tae Nikews aso dypened sine relic, Providing the tei for he insacion ofthe cal of Venice's fe pon sins Se Theodore, Imporane reli ofits resbed oes [Ee Adsiase towns abou thir tme, prompting the constaction st Kotor of the fist church dedicated to Se Teyphon i 80, andthe receicaton ofthe cuthedeal at Zan to St Anas ia Sc Both ‘Tryphon and Anamasa became the cepostive patrons of thee tous 00, suggesting te mpact ofthe ae areal ‘Que elanot prove dat Nikeat hil rough al det eli, ‘bo he cae for crediting hi with the anv cf Se Theodor (goss avon and val, some suggestive. A Dst-commander ‘Prepared soe fre mje ae charged with aegoisng with the Franks and eswowing ede and werent but slo ath depening high-prole’ recs ‘The donations at es wre inthe mame Of {he emperor and emanated fom "he God-pioteted Cty, 0 oar sight aque that hie mated to the recipients most, and not ‘Niksts pesonal gules Vetstseums tome that for agi och to cary conviction with recipients, che bearer nosed to make 2 ‘ppropat inpresion, showing outward and vale sign of moral robin he manner of Theopbanes the Chub nable soa. ‘The funy of Emperor Theopllo’ diplomatic snittves ia response to changing ccunstasce in the Black Sea teppes and, sy Pn Limp Boa tp. :D-M Na pm ad Vn Sy ‘Dhan Cat Aan ace a cuore fan an Pea pe i St & plage nats sted Subtype fait Yo a Bost Su tos gol Gna Gus ace ee hace Dy ea cpp a Ss gt ke gi Onn Pe, pny lias Va err Gey ey ine age on ee 3 at Ry Sey ef ch Sete ‘moun ioorens ASD Meson or oo pov all to Masi advances in Sil and some Tay and he ill GF Amosin co Caliph a Matai in 8385 well known. Ths 52 55/840 Thos sent a cae rand embany’ 1 Anda n sh mtanpe wo permade the Umayyads lunch an stack on he Agilbi, who wore king ove Scly, besides eacoaraing them ‘tho to wat withthe Abbuide, Twist to few on ewe other ‘emarches that Theopllos seems, to have launched rw Simulancouy. They dluseae on the one hand members of te ‘emperor's circle being despatched to perform vanepced tasks in ‘ime oft and on the other hand te ete ro which sey were ‘apected, even eueouraged, to st their nave and 0 sogge ‘Smsninstive innevation on he rrength of expeienes, "Tae pate Theodor Bubowtskor permed several quite opunte ts dasng he way im she wae sn 640-2, Fin, he occenfily« nmented» the Vonein dope prepare sm expeiion ‘pinu the Mains, bestowing on him the tle of paths ®, But Biboacicor backed up. words with prctoal stance IC he it denial withthe « Theodosos pais and chats of the ‘san «whee seal wie unearned at Hedy. Such 3 ata ‘would prema hive been knowledgeable abot organising the cquipping of vesels for warhre and Babousos tay have (fer cxpertie in the prepara with al ate» of the co-venel fet that Doge Piet Tradocco led forth to Bight the ‘Mans. Ie may be no coincidence tat Tedonico’s em in ofc ho aw the coaseuction of wt John the Deacon els «vo , “wre Doses Cm, eh Moneta ot, HH-4 Ranma, Digit eve noe ie feacashe Rgd a Ht, So Boe ae sung tian 7p ton] Sm, Pe pene Pe ou an hn Ey de «ipo Ne mn PER Se art rem s etn cs Ces Mam pgs sins A09 ons sean ‘waships.the Ike of which had sever been in Venice betes oiled im she Greek guage alder», he. choi, Bet ‘eipors, eae of aming hones ™ Presunably on ccoubt of hs suces with the doge, Theodosos abou recived stl more ambiious change, to tare othe ‘cour of Emperor Lothar and propos ajoint-epedison agaist the ‘Muslin in vouthera lal nd Sey under the nominal command of Tella’ son, Louis. He so proposed mamage-alkance beeen Louis and one ofthe cater emperor's daughters, The bewochal wat agreed, and i & a mati of the high importance atached ro the ‘bas: few of Theophily predecesrs had made ach reporl toa wocem ruling howe, Nether the joineexpedion no the Taviage actully occamred, but out inte ie ot co much in “Soccer of failure” an te very srhich Bahousrios showed dlsing ht misin, venaty ot contized to negocio in Venice sd Tier ‘Bahoatskor war ao in commanication with the Nordic worl and Tad by 107 suggestion af ever yeas ago eat Baboutaees ‘musion had someting to do with he pury of us whos Byzantine Savoy" bad presented. > Louis the Pour in 859, Teqooting ‘sitcondace fr thar homesjoamey. The sagerton hae gained ‘momentum fom the Ending of eo ater seis of Babostos brides the example known fom Fedety. One was excavated at Rube ike Hedeby an import expporiam, ad dhe other cxne 0 light on the islane of Zealand (ee map on pp. 701). We shall, stm to thse set dlusesteasather post hor Tei thei Sheer quantity { want co undedine hee, beaing in mind tat Babousikos may have isoed yet mare examples, which bave noe survived. If scam regonable, one ate al Une vet f0 Jone ng Dor, Cot Nort de, One ei a a sin aay he nacional che at ecient pans mene eat eaae Sites e nanan is a nasty peck te {Rinne {Cope See hower ty Vp pot 9 {mi OD i pn) nna ise Head Sina rs pa yc ent ey a agi a Ry Sc ls Bgvo onan sean abouts evo.yat sin in the wet they bepeak 2 tia Iepony even dnpenton, ia hit snp to commute Wh Diner even, pono thr ald sucha he Res. ae may tot in adlcon the ls of hooper excavated in he Ra Lisy pela! ceases Risnkoroe Gorodshche (st modern Novgorod) dhe nd tere ofl belonging fo another Byantine SH, tr destin, Leo, rete fhe cee ‘oct dining» diet osneeon beeen Lea snd abou, | Eat sth cde of comuiasons beeen Bane cca Gh he Rs lalenp naka prosbi duar Dabowsto to, 5 Angie gen one wate shor aera envoys ued ‘ough lus th ow out in 3p Tu atasine when Dra {Bted pers on italy all des, Babes ws ong his Be Coats of es tp gh negronce,neval-opinet exper, 20d npc vit Notte =a oot "Another agent of Theopin mace to Byres nor con t web kata tion whic, se Be mph dows no smack of Goubleshowtng, On Be emperos Eel apd in reponse t0 2 {egos om the Kasra he pater Pena et ‘Bak wih men and lend to bald onze fn Ha Suelo ES Lower Don but pone doverv flr atom, Fs, 2 trate tinny ioe sc yp he dae fr Donon beng ‘SoHE? one ald aoe tar ws hamouring the Kazaa he deli hee tx veo aes ‘Pui an ancy comand me Soe vila offi. The ganda of whee: Leo as cate ee ale oe ee esis cba may ene ES Ry fone et, Cop ian bine, Wabi DC, er eer secre pean anette {ie porn. Tae se toma toute eomeag Poo! sina, Thopbane Snob Vicssanrateecame SRS tetcee eee se SAL aai tame year as Habouttkor sett wosk in Venice and pecaps ako egeed communion with de Ts, implying a posse con Section between thes two demarches. Emperor Theophilos was roby ying vo eat Re military manpower snd explore ways Erasing ships ezews soma the Viking wordt serve the pie Dut he hadvcvery racon to seck peaceable celaoos with the ‘Khszo too, especial in view of the Hungatiane roe eal in the Blick Ses teppet and the Khuzas' role in blocking Moskim ‘Uhancts noth ofthe Cascare,Pesona®msion may seprsent an Scope ts aup Wouble inthe Bad, and ic condact zee how a {gent was ever the lookoet fr poten wouble. This consvies ‘Sur second poi Pezonss recommended the eimperor upon his {euin tht Cheron and seiniag regio Should be placed wader a fovemon, mer than Ine nowbler © Theophilor heeded bit (Spies Pesos hime became theft govern, «a one wh Ind gained loa expesence, and wasnot unit noc ais» In the eplune, we see an impel agen combining sls of spewing ‘balding wie what ceme to have been a pre-anpve mesite, to pevent Chenonciping nm te hand of eas, whether Khas impute oc Rus, arsine when Byzantivm® core were con” ‘ented on Muse oct and wes "We ao get agnor of how event might ke an snespeced tuum doing # ison fom theese ofan above aempt t annex co 2 Anil 6 unaas Comsnars, Chey ed Berm (Cops pee on igh pe snon Sees el ‘Shy tech Sm ea er Das se ‘Bg igh atsy Wwe Ts pee Ra Sad Dh Son SE A Timp Can ps to apo ‘Pecpla iy ute se ain ng when rset Tigre ti tie eye sy esp eonpt ‘Sion lr wen nie Anno mes ig fa oe tn gs Out cmt cpa arr ete bred ahgomcae rips tenn Bt Dc4 urn sa the cig of Asdanach in the 9301, The ity wat of great seatsic (is So Sheccl sulu, and wwhen Emperor Romanos 1 eecived ‘San Amuenian pine, Adioe Kshs, was walling to hand it (Fir he seized te oppenuniy. Romanos sent es structions to ‘Be farinar Consanine, who was already on & msn to otter ‘Reapaten places, eto leave all 900 ze engaged upon and go i BRIS Pikots#) At fie al wore sels Consanine set 20 PERE standard on op ofthe ty al at Ardansch «and made the Scomay siluasoae of the emperors of the Roms soe atti oly eho doe hi! Pipe jas oo poe about ths cpa Fay i how, the AD lh an cxtoy ended uncer of Sie enema te intsons opel sions, le and SERS Soca cob war not renly dvtngsae fom ae ene ong rte corr The pare: Consatne soe ald ereling maser ctandars» hon) Fence prety the bane of an embany, ye ey cud BILE diese acimoempena donor "Eepaty ove taal note the he taken wt using he wie vor! Conan’ introns fo deop everyting sd ead er ‘RSE ce inte fem fa mate om he pes cane 0 drat Cua ome De si na EAS iteee Cao np Ices al Com: SOOT ei cent de 6, amo A SCUSEE hatin pan an sores one ‘Waa aman wee Sera ath i es a Eek ee toe RSS ac tapene soe Sanger iy sil ho (ee wae mo os igh ote Sa Seg eae ot inne dei Sd ootemne Cameo Wn “cbaaennnat ‘Although Constantine proceeded to delve witen s mandate to ‘toe Resi ths «about other mater they only ducused ‘he handover ofthe cy by seord of mouth. Tas care wat ken to leeve no ‘paper-all Inking the appropriation of Ardanech ‘Greedy with the emperor and Comuntin seems to have been ‘Piling to shoulder the Mame. Even when abused by the Armenian ‘ances he met on hit way back Som Ardanuch, he apparent Ege dcret, without contesting the resrance te’ bad {ecived om Constantinople that «he emperor knows nothing ‘SStovcver about hair» This wae whir one might expect of Trnutworthy and. amie servant. In fc the episode (Lnonsates How delegtion of responses to trouble-shoces nd, indeed, to ambasadors wih plenipotentiary powers could ‘Work in defile of titen impor tthorstion fr hae acon, {ein inasves could be denied, and heir seoas dele ua ies, ‘events took sn unvelcome rats "Haay we sdhouldemmine dnl he background of ur woabler shooten,compsrng the censliy= with the Ically-bated, bur shi ‘wosld amount to asepute, prosopograpical, study for which ats {Estangy. There betas, 1 moe fundamental ae such evidence Sire poses about individuals soggeer that shere could be ‘movement in ether deen, fom the centre to kay commands on the borden sed vice vena a one sboald beware oF supposing that I border commander had pursed a mulitary career hough ‘ndoubtedly the major bad done so). Fer example, Nikeporos ‘Gurance ie see and cee adepe Duke of Antioch a the tra (fe teach and clevenh cents, had wosked in he cent Menino, ching to the postion of Keeper of the Impl Inltind. He ada, forks Consaatinopolia ba, undertakes ‘bases wih plenipotentiary suthoity fo Baghdad”. Conversely, Ba ten hn OLN Smet mtn waa Bagh mein rat ‘Sooo se uc te ey Sas Se ‘sun a es (me Basse mace Ba ak ‘oa paves sr als A Days Tsp Spe Oa, a Beate Sa nod ly sce Haag Mego Oe De08 esse ea In the eay emt cennry Leo Rishdouchos seems to ave proved ts Splomats sbitce at commande Dyzcham before being 1 Seine of poral vere an cg hin at Control ogee ofthe Drome Reece bemoan coals looly-bued wba sootes see est uy of Byaing dome, Comat TERSE, Seewcen cease nd pesghey. Byzntuns moneaty SRSEE, Nee te and oot he tench entry milly ‘Schnee bal elt the chalenges peed by seighboutng mre the uy oul to scae te servos of pa Peta gel actors outing sre an abo end Sfeukieoootes om the cpl mack Byantam st fom a eeelis and mo lle as The mae Byes Sb Sr foverance st oupons ered makelly betwen he Sahel clever meme repaied vometbing Pig fares tess may i alaaton Deans ube SPURS, Pung ot ste now ofthoos The umber of ee ah rE Meum Sty Doe TP eS Sees ane aS 9) ewan DFP TOES seen Gomes Oni 208 8 alin caadid se, Bk Nasu Tie Lt fe Done ih Des Be sae, et a as, ‘ss a ett 9 OE. SE een enon iin tna he coche Sed Fey Te Bane Bt Cone Se ET cl es erm dee se rn See ad ala Sam en Pree "rt “Smet: Races onion genes ex EXT al yap rept omen, rte ihe rt ‘Si oe ts ow nr, mr Ba "HH Soe Sar roan Drm nen dp Pe re Chan Bacay so tne Te ae whey, Bangs oo. 7, Be Bom Ss ‘BES amend oh Gel ne Se Se SLE, MOLY Zam Bee sess Co 20 bok ea ps pins of eontct and cgesitence with other eis and societies pl, an spe th timated demand fr wouble-dootr, too: tase set above de commander well-vesed in sling ad the toa ean ees ec of the man Skrasing which ‘Seon how the este borers ere defended in he nah and ele tenth oes ‘Counsts and Tae, wrnen in dhe mid-aleveah coor by 3 gence, Ketan is perias« prodict of and response oy he ‘ESoge sruston, oftng a twas to clear the conequesces (Show fom dend! snd euscone de masked oot pen of pa’ fom ‘hee lds. Throvgh miecsneous geneal and technical know {edge ned in pt om Book, one coal ee wah the unexpected Wicd comtece tevoune so tae caperon Ove of Kekasmence! Themes i thir 2 commander mast be wel-nfomned stout ober peorle! cstoms bor way of the ticks and srsagums, owing Shae to acope peat cfs, dems for mone? ot Portons of Teron. He bs te Pechonep recent ncrsionsin he Balas 2 the wineaperince of the bende» fe aur or leo), mre [phues «ignorant of soli scence and wisdom, wohou reckoning ‘Nhat end co bape sr ee of than what fom tare. Here, Pallas nook fr mouble-shodng or Jealy-bued com Fande besides ofetng sdbice on ther fom oar and ian "Hla and conten Kehaumenc "Couns and Tle somes iy hit work dues on and further conus 20 the ‘Sonne techie da, cbc preoeps, wrens and ctionry tics ich scemiughy pleted in he tenth and eleverh cen- tse Daiven in pat by th apie neve commitments ad pint (fondness, Middle Bysstine ofehelden looked he wos of se gad cb mn mis pe atugornma Teas erent Ta ea fat eo SPSS Reread oa a a A ro teche ances pecedent or oe finan ay way of caring SEMESD diced sce” A ener Gom Phileas Syondeot € RUSS Ocnnos tse gern s or afte bev ang of CS Thi enya ssc Ged by = Consasincpoka Spe en ere ns, le ts SEES SP ct nave edo bobs". Hs lent pins fo se ih Bee pice opou smn fica in borden, hy he Seen chad ncmaoes dom che capi mus embody Sopa ESTP and be cdot unexpected in eB, bot he ‘tool br smublesbooteg pepsi cumstances changed agin intend tatfchae deen fea, the emp’ sce oor owe Deering ‘ety ceave: Dysniam’ sei lens alld fr Rear, Stan inmany wayesored te cate noubeshootg of de ated weve dey need the spec cn of Tao. Geddy gas aoe moe epnde, otha oBleootng SED i he hae yer of he Komment dysasgy, Te t7t LEAR cascade Vencoam Som hs mi, oping Mie Nee 2 smug then Ancona — while ao varios ‘dusk Bubooots ido aaken ts holdover noche ay" Fete aby Cansante oaks, Duke of the Darian SSiechadisaly seid Game) ia Ancons, then ender EER LEN cdichy of te Byemtine emperor, Semingly Reset, Tery bird 296 He aa ie no RET REET Ea ce vo em, Gm ee ei end ima ie Die any oe, ES ey ie Se ot 2 ace uc Lp) Daou tn em ie eg toons alii sna Ove othe rte? Pe. Arn pn eA oe a Say ign Phas Top F Meal Re esos a a Libri abt Anat A. Memos Re, ine Spach @ © Zo Bae 72 Su mio ee Engrs ere tor Begin Se jt srt (ps Ee OTE esp ae Samana Dm te hE Satie an Serena Moe it noinessnoorms 80 siNSONe NE SOT 9 CConsamin eid a fs poe of pein swe ae SSOETEE Sip string te mh Sete Gr Ivar of Grek sd Lat) Thr ped em ie pneaon TESS ete water Doonampagsl ehsnnerston se SStaguined Sagoee aad cadnteh ith cones may Semen cece tein oe ee et caren Connie’ Inge penal a0 be CEES Be ist Sage he thoes te pre ‘hapa of pp aso Tasco scma oes been og BiCEP SC Aocodt in tpt Egulyinporanty, be edad he {lane mes and nia argon: oop magoatech Sogn Mamcheals Fora snd. Commer’ Anin of ois Catt oe ay Comma Eitp ine cath Go ip, md wh hr own esordry Facto wodou apd coun sateednnpa) thom fe Ecgaleopree “Ee Teg have bon» Sing epph oe my, f ncn afte wotsootn we hie dase The combining ‘Forunstd mr of quices™ soon, pou sce eel i dll wn ton og somber of Sick snd plone deny wre the preegatesoft Sechsbowe an an aiming tas reryne sot ou apc Suston fre emparor ov employed noses pean al (hp. An AB ol etc. 08. Som ee a ace son Ce ogy bie hana de yard tc pp 30 Foe ‘Spon actuate sem aon Cog Sedu Kama geet Pap te pte on a an a Sd Pn 16). Siena per “Ti eden pom como HL. Lone sR St, ob aster ls nip a 8 eSeminar ie vite eathese quits, sl es hat they were always avec, My in i tacher fo daw senton tote shee divest of yielding tat ‘f esentaly, competent improv, which touble-shocsng fall Though carl monitoring ofthe perormance ofindidual ‘fSceboldr,asesing towoworhinesssaogude competence, he ‘emperor could dew on iasesnostaivioms or he could delogite ‘seeping power and aan quai ffs} ta bond conan 1 To scoasss oF mouesioormns If wouble-dooten, induding commander of hey sate postions, ee mul-ucked they wes fen mais rgeta, maken, snc oth pero eh han the ete oe nowal pameae futhoary. Allowing ‘or the lace of a sable carck} ia most Sontomponsy socio, and appreciating Sat auton here wal ‘fen highly dependest on pesenalleadehp qual, the impel {govemment soho beep anc of whi, eluding churchnen ‘Spable of proving some dare of contin" Tes nox sping thse Bjpantom ome istated exchanges of ren and embsst ‘ith pemons wo were peroed tobe the powes- hae, cron ie "se, Darna yer beagle ly cnsonae wh reemancace "The miso ofthe porpatdane Epghanios to Ialy in 935S 8 ‘inage esmple of towbleshooting fom the cape, combining Siplomacy with armed force. According to a ext incomsted nto the Bost of meri", Epipbani’ snstacins were to pay the ‘Bycantin aly, King Hugh of Ades. Paymene was, Howevet, BY ‘sal and sly coodiional upon Hugh's army fy defn ‘he rebels Lombard princes, thea handing back the forced Fo eee Spine my vpmy mad rw paialy spice ema pls a on inser ef ag ‘Selec foray Se er, One Tamra fof Hits Scie el Sapte a Gemma vie ‘ein hp, cop pak Sra [Surnames on ie ‘Brera nF Hannan] 1 Roca ae Be ‘Bay Cte rr ge asa ote, ‘Senate oanmesmen eee man, ens neem ane Hop fe by Byzandan Our fot fer pred the ge thse Epiphanioe Spas toa atermiiaryapertonscexsed osx iops an seven Noun v ofthe same king, secondary figure in Hugh's ambit ‘he epecilly nv Gonmson as cammarked fr she margave of Spoleto, «who 4 eigobour of he thems of Longibac = i ‘eli incade several mow len tai than wee due to igh Fhimoelstbough mined coin, an onyx chee and quantities of incee ad grant ol Were served for Fgh alone {Tne posing of theve gi wosld orem have depended on the ‘copent's geopollial signifeance to Bynum, rahe han on the polo usar of onthe pefeeaces of Hugh, Here, Tsugae [Ep enample nots mach of Uiide-and-ale a of ensing ta the pero’ cagy were in tno than oe basket. The mitanons of King Hugh's miliary capacity were recognised ~ although in the rent he overcame dhe pines of Capua-Beneverto and their lis pd wile Bypatisn intere ay gang Hugh's coopeaton, Gre wa ken oo forge es weh odher Sgurs, camrendy of Secondary sar bot who might ye be of sevice, and even Bie fo toprnk. For mort ofthe tne the imperial goverment’: concer wat to idea culvae thoes who poset pot ‘oue and could nfs obieranve of agreement or deer mubtary aid This scan be seen in the paises Consansne’s mision fo ‘Stow tides and gifs on + mumber of Armenian princes, which fumed mention inthe De adminitendo ope oy bees oF Shrug anformation into 2 id to seize Andanuch, Numetous ote 1 no Te a nny Spee ng. Bo ae Tse oro Win ea aes Elbe spe isn ‘crop oes aon yo Gn 8 SURL No Sar pty yc rh oak 9 pigeon feces eum fae spl la he nel ed Eagieede ad ian Wale be aye Doone Seed eed [SPT yi, yy Nee Yate eee (Ta mg fp, Feb a hal he iti he» we ye utenti scot} ir ein ep ap SONTY foreach fms he ett BCD chan Spm i ta Rtn ese a ee CBE‘ite-bearng sions ro Armenian glaces and other Siguce of Sigieance il have gone unrecorded, asthe autbosse ied (0 ‘buinnin asabl Se smlaneoaly With several val princes in ‘igh ogmesed society. ‘Bhother exuiple of Byam’ dealing with lotekit pli seers provid by the see of Thodosos Babonekos neared i Visity, Rib and at Lake To inthe ween pat ofthe and of ‘eda "We nny sais that these rec ten 0 gain maiiny ‘Ranpower by Baboutaes ced outrun by emis who were putleof naling temalersundemned bythe docamens opens. ‘Fle tindar dhe manor ede Lake Tess pura rggesive. Inthe tant cetury, Let, rather dan Tis, seems fo have been the mae royalerton Zeno the mater of Tis who recived Bubowkor {eed sng nay aa nv tn once orrgalstock, bar was se aceuy He de donne Dns kg and 80” For Pucial purpose Tubourieor seems e© have been tying to ‘Stamnizte wi sverd magnates add not confine i fers 8 Sing cour Tat one of Babostor vex ws fond in the area of Srodshep manu omamens of bronze aa ead sagas of the Hey ee of many Bye ead sea, sad I wold sagas tht (ant spi rproent the ip ofan berg Times of es would Cui ie lero cnr see Gee in SSS ES ees ae gr cc oer se ce Gu, ete Gem, tai a ksh Cs any Sante, Ct Erith titnlages tec gee somen tng come ee ne la af ome rg bea owe cme fans Spc et lan ne) Nass Were Rae cpt in fed Me Wa yD fe Se ‘Beam nanos adr app en Serna aoe, ‘How eters Spina motte soorias 80 Mao THE oT ms elgg such ‘eatexgun’appoiches 9 at many provide ofmaiiary (Sher sgancem pone orconace probably went oni aught {no to, and oot onl fr prpoos of recontaisance 2d ging of igus pata eles figures ov of the wopmor ake the cal denizens cach iirc securing ied dee x aniely egal vecleent of feymens docs Seitered sco the MG Deeper eon and In nv Gnd of sede belonging to seioe Consaninopotin Enel ofa inducing tse of the ctr Michie Anse and of Loran exy-eth-cemy Loge of te (Gouton (eet Chemigoy)*. Soc et could uve Ben ied in ‘Gaunsople sn ane ten bought och by Se Rn een ‘Burke Ruso-Byantne cess contin deed case conceming ‘hate, the ane socton of spt, incadng the reveston of ‘Sno syounge ever in Ru int exe of he dao man ‘rane and wthot kl to Band wide he ws coring with the (Clsstaaenperor in Bynum Byendseamangerents wih te ‘alps and san tye nme alo to tee povsons ‘df other pepe soles ch Arai ter hin at ‘nctly Socie nay ave med he ewe he saloon of Fropary dips T'vould rete mage that tbe seraly eta eB omecen Se bain epg weSH Cot al OF Sostoem-tn set ey Cooke Ceiag:Mh,SotF 8 ‘Mazer dedi eo este nn Se {fn yom i'm To, Toe we pa ‘pig oe Bs Rs opening eee ee a mts} Mctonan, mice Bag spe Voge ot Sepik Pepe en ems 99, PS e Se ee ‘Sak em, pe So owe tt Ta Ta! ng ghee fo tat ering cedars of ope pa ipl be gyno Mona aon aprroutine workings of Byatrice bureaucacy ~ making payment, ‘Snsing up 2 Ox dezsind or the Bee to an esate ~ Grove onging gi he properoed aor f other socee, and uote ‘esther aling lies ‘Byrne consent assent of who's who’ nd is postive poly af bestowing of tls, gis and of generaly boltesing the ‘rtstdal ems of agian corse, abo Dada mega ect he teed, on cvowion f "ake Ou! key individu who had proved Implctly hots and might be pir to the obesion of thee obec polite seactre 7 mibry confederations. Their bet ‘Eger, trough sbdacton orseasinaion could depaive arson feeuive lender and even niger the abrupedsintegraon of be ows they hadled ‘Uncen on clearcut or elated than he postive fas of ‘Byzmune ciglomacy, most of the ence fr the palicy-option of (Zueaton comes sn non Dyess sours, andi sin the form of {pprchensons or alepton ate than Sealed stenation, One should 1p boar ip mod dt odie, inesplable dws fom nase cuss ‘far commoner inthe rete era han i toy. Bven the Silence Gom foeige sures sous fo. patamn, opecily ‘Shmidesng thet trae abéschon as well at oath lininato. ‘ovexample in 97 te Bynes suboredbodygars the ami of ‘Alpe, $aab-Dua thoy were to abduct nd hand hm overt the Dowie ofthe Schol sor he bad ebutled all propos of a ace ind. pened. with devsetng as foro Byzantine temtory™ ‘Report, the plot wae only ancoveed tte lt moment Fart the fou the Ras pince Oleg wie abcd fom Tmutaan on che ‘Seu of Rech and taken 0 Comnnople in 07, subsequently ‘pening «couple of yeas in Seteton on the sland of Rhodes and then beng mbes. Rare, one of his predecson, bad aot ‘bean ne fuk aecordng eo the Rie Peary Chron, ding vit { Tuarlan be govemer of Chosen posoned Rosia, ‘Bepolson nota oving-eap whe enensbly inking hit oath ek, Vt yA ad Fr eH Gate cole ts Sat es ht ey gop Kad i a “Fo ma ice ih re eens tte ‘These abeptions fiom foreign soures complement raze expt semen ia Byzunne vouces For ample an ate was made Seem Khan Kram in she coune of megeesson: cute Gonsaatinople's wale in 815. This poly-option of aking out ‘pil figures fom frcgn eles Wasa coally ot only tte Ecting of munerous agra outides which ve lave been enticing bot lu othe plomscy ofhospialiy’ which rues in Tw econo ‘Our hid ection wil eas on resumes fom Byzantium, those ‘with oan penal experience of it under the inpenal order. Those aged frm sanioe Sapatced en masse by exemal pretest ‘ere th he sme fro to members fang mies lodgdin he Pate fora alee diplomacy ofhospaty "One maybe sceptics ode impart Byzaine igi ses and sone bad on sankand-le wars, even op the Vanngan ‘oarkmen coe cited withthe impaal owschld. Theater's ‘ses sening anne isl spine and envaged rosso ‘tome pes of dopa in scarce ida News cantor". Yee lnpedal chime thr mary saccem and wellbeing ame Gom che Byrantne? th and forms of won seem eo have impresed {nuvetial Rus aon exeu before thet rales conven" Ins, ier isin pas ADL Ain i eon ie ie ay. ns ao om coi ee eto iaae n n Howe ce sng npc AD he Que Uy Rela asf. tat ‘Rom’ noone adorn owen sd ‘scout aememn tet Gomme Fa saat of Eocemat deen thes opeomsorer © hove, ene ion ‘Seed Ro wa hy en a et nk at ee| «he eptation ofS George, Theodore, Mecousos and Demesios a rotor and vistn-brnge for men serving wih tempera rcs fay wel account fr dhe dtfason ofthe cals ang the Rus aod [berdhe Normans 00 opie leptin comer Paar ecto ‘ito ir Mementy acorn tentes ePeeh sat sce bt ae] Car, Fr t Gger SELL dogs i apn ot mo ih Bo Fe Ee EEE eens Hen tm oy eg ogee ELE Eitan alin sw paiement is & EOAE Cink, Earns Sen cy en fs Ooi SgSP em cS Si hosting re Ce yt BESSTG MICE Le cre heat etre ng cue ‘Ee nao Cad fey ed Perm So ln revistat sct ser toadisnt oem brace eaels SELLE SSGihag ey drat treat es Seah Steed eects Cocremmeteb tee ce er hcamay et i hans Gee Ziyeoei onl te hana mee en en SESE SITES SES Ee est coy ‘Sul enn web on tar coat oe le Seis Seat ste Deets toute Comoe Seer CoS seria aon Yoon Insect “eine en) 8 Mos Nu ae ‘au bro fis alpen ee ec eet SSS cage tans Sn ere cop aan ison ft’ ato he pa freeing ay Yee ot trtamount to dis of pono nya teva the Bales ‘weve dese ci of ons oe inate of John! sue Chaco ty cn eed eel kepaa, whose youd senha bough ack tothe norh ar tng wn the Byte sy. And thee epee dash pve te nde Gwin wpe m he Hebe ta vy Byes an veces ‘Show ft Taste to ddr the wos nown bad vs wheat {Sy a it neers, fr the love of eset hi oe feet Weds Clas stay ame tho wort teat ‘Beetham to ocr fo soar pes tach sent {he pt ofa rouming vere ar any rae one who bad seed in the areca ne fngrnd over mteel conceing wan, ipreloni t it beam ed cspennce of Byatsum wee mandy kas Sat Ee thn of inmed gus envoy, sve, ESSporoFlngersem rendens in Comming Conceming hs Tullnke swe genoa ena Te ne thr eperons Scelvcy homed anasto aking fee sGce cones SEMI ian, and no nocenriy sey wath evoyr er ober Sl pcs og pm fo Coe ee ‘Soe floor sp aang ws Lata nthe poe sparen of Be pace and he Bok f Comoe tke Se pas at he ‘adc whos dg heat en Jot Se, ‘Sopa Teepe sat nt sats me ve vo os ange apt ‘me ater hn fom cf meny MS, 4 place fe Se a Wary CC pee 1M ney Cam son p tnt anc wan ‘Goee)inde esc. Gme,oe e ‘Spon ane ts Wane Bp ce “ir ome Yule Rei Sccteten ie enene jovani sia cups will wcive «Sarcen mages» (among or fregnes) Ghee istry, in what © ell epee meron?" A Woden ‘Barnonndom on anpeal eipediins commisioned by Cenantine A ofits a msvctan of fcero-fee Slomacy a1 Work: the Tagged inpal vein shoal! clade four soli-gold plats, so pd ser an pwd gol up forse when «fore guess ‘rth the enperor (nd otf every we) seaman. these ‘Shae were im the Beldame" Convvasnal tk been nperoc and envy cvenat splice bangoet recall by Tindpand of (Grenoua. To Lindgn’s vow rhe didnot know which par of ‘ome auobatis tam we he tore aang, the emperor «eld. ‘bung wih ingite, tat neter dd el. Sts eneto-one ‘Deuba could pie in ste ang acon forthe empersa ‘Beene to have doe ia Liadprand" and wesbouldpotoveooksuch "p ivour of he baueeatxed record ffm seepsions id cetemonalhighlighsng ode emperors apart. “This bang uso ascond genal remark The premedited com ination of estonia and comevaity could avaken a dese among fmpieence of de ple room, coon ‘he wea, Edeco assed over prove dimmer that [). TES i anor) mag oi pment: Commarea em Fi oy os sae ep 9h Sata esbrenseees sper Pleats Cami, Apt, po Cn Ln ome pean Cap hei an me Tae po ‘gotogelr amen snr Eo oePehatgetegre eter to apni cece eased (Seman np tee Bad Coa, Coun SRE cs aap lem sername (Ginette nme esa Su, ‘Sie oan et a A (Sonu, ff D. Bownioeam cy Bama oa Ha Epc ‘cake oon Auer th Shoold costo Sethi day Ae and rere to the Reman he woul Enjoy Me of happiness ad very gest wees ™. Peta mont (Gaba, we ove our knowlege ofthe deen dhe compen of (he De goto, excepting pisages fom exes htonan for (Consnnine VIF though the wool be suas Ulsan) lost bis Seve. the epipde wat reckoned sll ip have raomance The eplcaion thet» spel the place mighe sae an indiidal 0 feaign he ponies hs Boman, wth th option of reining Soehesporindetatly or coming ca i ohapines va Byun, seasaole, clr "Fa commons adie abaoageots to Byam, were emmsst, so, bck on bone ground nd peap in pve acted Sul ‘yank ti interes ofthe emp. One could Mase ih sarement fei invances rm Casas, Rear and the Tolan perils" Flowers it sure woth mentoring Une nd who ook up now cases pon tenuing fom Byeaniam, cree not deel ot ‘renin the epee series, ys contnant wih ice. One ‘Ou Ari, bosoms t ave famed Seong psn Us wih Alaos ee ogiigmeiyainiets ct ge ms fonncbmee er Snead eanns tie sateen Seca cae aa PEN inate ratte 2 ney shou gotten ism pm ian cate re ee Sacer maa rears Tsao a Bp Pee cere sobinei ne sruines oeotametneas Seg iekt canton eee tiv bent ecisne hea Greenies pi eee ESky meena eno Seesme vars soa Komen ot his way though Byzantium atthe time of the Fis ‘Gran, becoming now ta fll Crosden m2 sai of he Soper ofthe Greeks ®, Alice rnrned Oxo Been an Easpsan fala afer rearing to hs natve Burgundy, he Bel the of of [Por ofla Cat Lowe forwel over ea jeas Th penszente real clans terneen Oso and the emperors song gated tp Alone plcng othe Lia hous be fnde e Kaste inthe Gulf oF Nicomeds uals the apg of La Chst-surLoie aloagide the ‘onary of Cluny", Odo we well-connected irbeyond is bore ‘hunt, ad he coud have acted 9 countaance fo Bohemond’s rotated and ingenious Mack prop inte oxy {ieo, Bohemoad va lang Als fra te Crusades woes and this achsy casanaed in his expedition against Byzantine held ‘Dymachtam, Hating. Alsi omar Wavioe installed on ome (pounds peor ofCin ede daughe? wilhave done Boheond’s ‘ie vous”. “Sur second etumce i Guillen a Gamer monk of Cormery, ‘sho penrserenl yan Alege Kamsnenentotog ep 2 (uuted side and cassed wth supeng reps to Nicomeda’ ‘Dradeasons der Aleaos epiaed the oye cps Heretic in che ‘es, becoming bihop of Sip inthe erdlaassa rovince of Bas by res athe nse The flowing year, 103, Galles reamed oi ‘lSracoatery and formally preseted a age collesson of es fm hams cr Ao is etn, oa Baer de ade ty tftp fon Ben a Cha Sinz oye Bea of Canny gf be nl ges Sage son late hy te ea SEED SCN SEG SaaS pa orn Bip eis patent Seno ke sno eaercayof SEINE Se heeiiaiatecalane o PFO oe Voor Te Lng Pa fe Ve oC. Cae ce rr ee es seit Slr = Cay mt pad ee TELE Waap nda sedt wo Boe pogo el cpp ba Sera seh aan rma re ‘Byrn an he Holy Land the ex which ecouts tio makes BEES maocadows with Aleios ™ Gllermas Ws not acting Sow” dice pent in donating roi to Comnay, yee someshing of ‘Be odour afencary fc tlc ight be expecta to ve Rubed of on the enpecor, a1 4 ne when crack of Ale? aeding ofthe Crates war mounting "By he de of Culler renim vt t Conary, his bother ‘Gaiden hadlong played an active putin mana onthe Lower {Loe Cauberis to, tnd peat sever Yeas in Alexnt entourge, bat by the eu top ot por of SeineMarin de Chaar net (Chutzndon howe belogiag tthe highiy indent monastery of Nacnouter He mgorouly sougt donations for Mamowen m3 hone laued jo bere parang «to Jerusalem > in 1056, Count Stephen of Blan cined Caner atone of sy fis who fad long urged hin to ake some git to Mamouter"™. Witt ecesing ino specltion, [ougget that Canbera recolections ‘this fer pac on the Bospors woud probably have made ‘Sephon dhe more recepve 10 Ales’ Hansen when bis ‘Granelag company reached Consantneple i 197; and Alexis had foodecbn to mak hinfeelparcrry welcome, Wain backs ‘Mis Stephen cnn tht Alen Bad ected in solittousy eat Tete hr son ad urged fim repeatedly to lt one of bez own ons (ane ay tthe inperalcoure wie he woud cet tang Tor. Agin, oe comet bate priate benoit Alexis eived fom Gaui ous ase in the Loe alley, ac more (Gan on can hove fn th lee Guillem dost to Carers. Bt nS us sly he Core tee in 86 ien SRI i ce mtd neg Ft Cnn tM murs A ‘SlSinour Ese Pps, ae per Ce tre iene Voge Bye, We 8 p09 Sadie sae a a lec ra hain a2 Beltane tog. tang Sw te jane Se Re a opt =a Oo Spas pa sR ce af men Sethe residence in i poi reding ground of nightly manpowes of {vel-aposed and pominen man-cn-thespot, who tse fo seni ‘ce per (pa at amoser sein dee 1008 can rly hve been to Alex vantage Seen of Blas had se of foe the cat eh Dake Rober: of Nomandy and Const Robes I ot Foes (whove ihc ad vent Sigh and bones to Alenos around the toe of Gulla? preence at Also’ cour) even afer Couat [Reber lateaed abe of them to Constansnople Stephen wat in Jpinecommsod of coe of the lager and boserunded Creating or “Men-on-the-pot ince vary of people who eened t9 thee ve repo aera el in Byram, any vig receved teaimess font he enigeror® naw: placed hem under» cain Uhlan toads im Occasionally, we nd ins of ears ha ous pov sine toward be empencr, or maining contact ‘wi the mnpesal audhores, But chow Bins are ually mod, nowatng to dapeningentsam fr sagen agaat Byars ‘ator than fo ought Semapal of one's own led We have, in thi ‘Seon eed most exasiveyia tae of Yo power, ofaam-corve ‘Sinctnes non satel sean of arenas for the ape ‘rder Yet te cit of Edsco the woaldbe asain ako sere 10 ate how sof power’ could romp: actions serving the emperors tary and pols ieee det, mesmorposinaabropay om ‘Tas power, espn he ckground of ‘iplomacy ofharpaity ‘hat one shoul vw the fie ow eens in hs pape, he apprenches ‘m penons of secondary ranting and. above al a ardelr nears, {he ouble-shootngeisons which coldwell combine armed free ‘hand powee wit ne words oily es Teo, T sugges nthe coneiningofhighy Span wens oat ses tht the quinmstncs of Baan rosblesoetes and indeed of ‘Byeanane dilnsacy le The emperor pamued a o-prnged ta tepy of tl and hind power tears odes inthe wok! around EE Ga te one hand he donated to, dered, and fog pes tnd wih » mised ssorimeat of indie, eaching down below sth St imei ach i. Sa, en fe Pn Se i eh Cy ae Hem fa ng ‘ounsttoorens IND MENON OT a lea! cours 9 diverse men-onhepot On the other, he carfilly Eumaled testes, ulearpicing woobleshocts pedir ‘usors whch might have prea insuoctons, bat ich wee fe, ‘Bonu’ Ths satay fered conditions in which the prog of SES power might perm in elbave smegy with the of, ll dkematv potent or ame os, Teovay, dhe not jt through formal poate exchanges with tao fioogh a seroade Monomsespon send oil and imped wouble shoots all Plsjed thee fox. Bynum took pment account of the highly ‘eon asa and the dition of power in socetes ound it The essen sounds of opi, paring and gente networking this (el ere ay uch tr of Sarpesonal ea of oeasoal ressonDiscasione sla lesione Shepard Naz Kourou le Pol Shea's emprlante lator sxe ate, meno he 7, cl cximanie, eon sal miss, (tc nied and bal amano te Byomene anpes. ey {ed peroneal pegs fst nd api fe i Be smal txt km othe Pes pesbeon the guaion tha he ny be nominated wie bead shih concede ‘ieovouoney ~ ow nod they improve (ad find «slain in for ination? Tas gpe of qui ‘0 pul (2 4 tne eney a alan exec” prenestht hs ans vou be che fet «tpl, in “hone of tnponanon™ The guion Too mit te owe inch ted el ey Be ta fa ath ave cain th mrs of hs arses. We the gets om prone hd fr So pos Hcl eel, snonpay pots oe pis of evant infmcton? 7 Trios, pal ny, pp ey mach 1 oe” lower, thre are seal maton ofp of ena of mare oye than oe, Gow ses fr tue aly mre “Lat: acon” 19) or er of tide! ena, wel mam ezanp hat rigs © fend ithe one of Leo Cheops who had pres ie to basen and wes aed f nage econ embay. The ‘Flsaon knw te "ooulrnen” led ter pale oe Py, end whet we thle inperins in re other pe oops te et) he veal conducting of Byes dp? ‘Sinan: 2. 1 think the bse answer to your gusion comes fom fhe shor tet shh yo te, the Pot poctoon. hi lie fo mor tha one cnet ens to gen problem, exp proving sleet ‘ales fr the lemma fang nemo who fd tha te rhe ‘i du 0 Ws nd pve prof tad amaxpecelly ~ wongestes gust Byzanto, Shox he po only the Ler gis Shs wpete,o hull he geal the py, of eval, ended — but now te appee fh mer ho we behing holy? This pis ‘i uses tes hal Sel th he meee, Soto Toul coely bee cope, gat of maging psi © of tac efron ry he eee on silat cs game Tht he Ba pecan ao poe pot of na ou gusto, ‘ae cogs wt Yon one eg, Bea fom eco Fh ee he dot pa feed wale ras fr he ay of Tinie fa mgt nfo ox ey, and te Bet prabooe ie ces te ee of Rages ant the Cochran by wy 9 denesbting te ering impr f eral negty in ry, We get on des of tbe dave of xt Spc exchongs fom theft Consaine Vl commision an ene oof nt extras fom Hons ~ mosly peseeth tary ~ and we proms Contig ho Tad Sided pinto 80 eae pas: ne edited fo embasies of ans tothe Romans atone foued ov oman ens: 10 the brane (tn) Pesomsly se ot at saint wi frees weld epipaclen for aso when they might Jf howls anducng sme Hed plone son on hs Bhs. ‘Diino opal oration er cay Contained ‘em Be atmncando ips fs erase of pode ons nor pap, iting with ters and exces ih a more Ie canny 1 eons of gine svt. pe the say tBlnges casa hry, to-date Dig woes end ‘Soret of moving fle wih a poi edge woe proegiies fhe cad apne of bighesive ows. Poseing ths id of ‘uth oy al ink on fe ighing wp sie, nd enhating pote congener ond couermore, sino gone ‘Th i eof Sg ue and ws dat Keka pen mend, iy 0 te hat ely 0 agen Se fh nd ht fom Ha. You std gusto pont and ey ch tothe pint ann ft dares wi er, ed [Peper he Pes peo ety sual, te lees fom Erba: to aver st one le exer snespeted sutons emul he ol to grove. Bat ft pir ews tof ‘Proton oe ener age th gy i ad deng mes, a eaeion of hs ino! lest, pilntbopin and widen, ond EeSeily tga enone Tye, in, hoy fe Fou hot ofa toe ams Boe Ti eater foe re fom he ow me or rable ‘Fat beef man fs fy npr he ny 3dr ‘Jap nn ber eo Spe ion, One ie ny ‘cba ioe ohn, it eee of Tor Babette Ede Parkin Coun nd ne ety rh ey, Se pos ike eps fch os py mach anneal, pl Ie cong fece sete ee Adler bog He tad rly ls od ean out nto wth « Prong, Peon That sah wp npn tht one dition esac? ‘alt Shar thy st Binge dove gate ae io ely ary hbo yo ora tee, dt hey ewe of ejoming Seto on Pocring of sont of gues ad Talo ey wee apie bg «al suaon eye exe igh tt oe dt, Nay pig ae eso Second nase! of vss One Bass the ronan Sn by Pena nd pool appoint te maroon om ht triton proto the De amir: fing no snes uae Br bth te feo Sue he ae df ry sh he it ‘wh ke arr and en pred foe i, bay Go dy sed ely Torok be i of is se der “EL jot ely at nd one andro eu) {th ahh commandes fom bdr nin ae Soin Tie woul ve red in fre sin aig ee You mii nok wha we Be os hes tv eae Beer tome ir ed sa whew ey dere of nlc end gine pa right cme wad deci: fed wh te tng probes might fr tours de fsce at eel Fo thee nd okaen of te ht our, er he eee enbosi, ‘he pc of too or moe Mehl ete ander explo ego wl ae bo a hat and pay ts en Of the flr docmonaon we poses or enbses fo Frank, Abs nd ther ener Mule re tat eas ham th 0 oF doe ae ut ater Not at de aly make fr gtr fens, 1 yu ona uth he notin cae of Lev Chvphace!Nescts Amid many mining apes of our charac fortangng ed poseing pap Jonathan Ll fe eb coma (on to, and Bat fe hing ay ou dled ts at, ‘ho dens Ses nt lat hy sss aly resin Hinge tums nd ute: we med 0 esgine sey ems sametines, cube. ‘Rowe juts ee amin dt nk of Tal urn the ob 7 mer pthespt beat uted be efi spn, and casa fal (ge ofthe Bye eit a poe and af poe cx een Becta a a Be od fener "Sho wanted te pide ap Waler Pat's clr fam the Ch ow ig tins fae We copa wih he Wd Baxi, ond Neb, au Youve bonght 30 oily. re our ey? Thar he pints trae, lf whith fom ad umf yous. The De one pal (of wilh have ut heard om Defer Sn) thowgh partly (Sed amped an ted by Hor of hans ws cy ten, (SFr aed, by Abt Adar of Conte inthe ext inh Cevteys i caes, f ily,the metamophs, the inprvitns, {he Brings af boar, of which you made aber i what for ‘Bernd Ti al Byeantine ones Addd wos gn inland ‘ar exey-umed-eional gonna Hal. I hs eat, jus thee’ at acount of no oun goverment onthe dome font $e he same tn, a explo ch foramen sans as a) Td det 0 yo wil id the repeal feof reratonal tions, ‘Zine pepo of ale fe fv fon ey al ao «rec ‘Spec of fe seam tide f ftir ploy themed fr pies end ke li ‘Soon, Congo rs o ga ld eal wel Be died a wobesotr, not to they woke ey, fr wh imation Iyer bbe exptonally pew. Te eget wie suri) fom ‘Bows of Chaps omy gar Jy 78 ra nosy Epon tmp sd ck Pope Las fe empl shut ade ‘soy, Bio Je af Aes, fn x8, how Be eral cro ond Tis ne sings a warn png Halon conse. “Thus, & paper uneputed poses Bragg gee dpe idee the the aoa tate of Other ho pied fe boty ‘he cpt and expt arn Be Bal and No Se. doomed (Cray, anion, nan isotedpasege i he OU Engh cation GF Onvla’s Rites agunw the Pagans, = ang at ther of a pscesion 2 King At withthe ger neeary 10 eu «nary, nd ing fosour ih he ing, who cpcaly cpr is hgh ropes 0 els Veyron Go mee) lng, od home seed at he br Sie fo the Lafon Tlend of he for ras cs of Nonusy Lo aed tea, what shold exe seat not many age, bt hat ses 10 be 2 Joel sri fre to haven Zier ted ‘Ae jut fund Bgl! Th fs Be pe, ‘B yav Jonathan, inte! thse Byronine sel food Dermat, eating de nae ofa mon You seni « Bywantine ewe aw fps comme ihe My roma a iene, T hase U5, no pt Wt aunt Easton, herent, Not and Sou dl, bt ome the, and compte rote Like he ey mea Seon of irctionl va st sd, ve itn tel i iar et od ne, snr, low te ps Sm, Thnk mf you Hd ss nd wth fain, “or tthe hoe mc 12 fom yu pp el at FL cago pe jo a psy ra deat Te nme cs mort aed aes Wr me ined er lps hee, ang "Senda ak fc of peor or Ma of Teves Beto tod yoda tin Geshe dit ee nd fon ln fe Lo i Sh, itch wd wt ou we, imp? Berit gc mtn ci ey ine Ee dcr ts rao Soret of epee be Cond Byrn: Se ia ed op ea Sof et so nt tpl hy ad de es fy ict peta ag ha a on ie wets wh ys oe fy ‘sae snd led of ioe mie dro re Ad Sn nl Fae cist gee f roy i an ed pty Ser tT a ee mae Ct fecha tbc ane pa Spay ha Sach he Bonin ey he ae te Bri ase of Ary A i cant, Sat ete np etoncined bx one fie, exily acest, spot If the ma of five “mga ft ove choull ne m alig fort and pt fate whi opel crates, he Cantar may wl have ped {is psn ole Shan the Beanies Seanenwns Why dow hie Bip athe head of embesia? ‘Stans: A bf snr to your gut ir at we do nt ebay ave htop tthe had of enti, nd 0s Telomachos Laughs (i fit pied on hatte Baan hat fed base: had byt puns ft cer appar the it igh ond eer ih Cnt, and spay a mater oa rele, ps ov ai, and (Ff a sigusedLayan The Byzenes oe ha en pong 1 Corks pain ht np ol a expe of i ade, piking ap 2 ot hich ad proved i os for mesring pues fed making hoi, I waldo rein te pon analy made ip pons Nike Rovihow's snd quoi oul hee made Thue fl” bay ingrid penta, ne of hom expr in maton asin ad ht pg nig mes, pes wh dane gay or he oncom wepeton ‘Tht gion, wher Cision Bia Thi ob mang rite reaapia ney of Byeotineerbrisite pood up 1204 ing ht orptn of Boone hp eae & eae fr miso 1 Uet-otlised paves Afr the hayley of he Colgens ont te (Ai thee 0 pothole one can think 3 anes for Tener, Bulga, at or Otonian and San ales of the th (dc cent, of aoe cs pang of fleet ‘ile lay reer wee, oof fal eer oyu ineing (peso wold, in, be the tk fave edt PRD stad fer Congleton of hi stenaic rsopearephy! TLouous: Dear Jonathan, the pase for your paper mast Be vey tags Td mo nly ey ery mach ut Tao incre ble ht ‘opt us Band ew hoizons awe cod imapine Fe ang 1B. Laven taken Ot gt te te sets jut Grae ary tes op Foe cow, ing psn ty me ay, “Shp lca odlehesea' ‘Stipa saond agen” jn espe). Poe ed ope fold © pomce ow Rowe Bat ma fo ictng hag Jo anion one fling mtr fran, you had 1 iol yup eo mie nda, te oth Sores, 2 toed Sod San spi” on Byes fon ote “ans ander Leo VU nom the oer han, Maye! a yo ‘deat i ne ih Tati) an Ac whh of obo poe al on clay ten? Sysco uetin npr you ik te msn of te pst) Eph per ned po ey egg of ome Lng, Shite sm age Feo cone IPT ego the mon wd he Soh Pgh of A te feond Pl the tl hae do wih oof he ey Spat Sudo ay ‘Sueno: Thane you, Teloasor, very muh fr your stinaliting reat os wil el hat Ip i my opr f Byzantine ipo Ponting pcm’ of tacts buco te emporio, nd Tako eto empha tha dif Ks of oven ot par igh feeonaplie ito toweshotos when the ned soe fr ta “Tht mses me hse at «vd tomy ih dart Sing Ines, Of the 00 indiduals you mention, gh, T dd thnk at Bours rts woleshote py vel epee mitry “erm, eso halo at fv negoiaen end alo, ond Ales Bear et the gas of «god jue of cheer whith Arne Kimena cule hin my on Bact fr Be toe a of pein ‘id disomic the Byzantine newer of Nusa ih nl dane Yo hey of nits Theor pron shoe Jou meion, Samana, ee kira be all se of thet tor. “Trobleshooe” des not gute ef im, sig thal he opr fom Censtainaple leu she emperor's see But 1 ily tae he poi “ath eon of heya como facing fir Tan) Lam geil» You acing aon 9 pet mon etme nw ty t your sed get. Two Sy hateae of 95 povided by he De cen is fale the ding which Sole» eri Se eo eo 1 ley fli fom Nkephoes I's ign, by way of ea ‘uky Cola sb fo tt rents Be Mass end sing (Fhe Lombard pata he Begining of Romans Leaps" Fir he may wel have red he enna econ tet Letaposs Ione ok deve cuienmeais, Beder, High of Ars, with wham ice know Lekapeney requ coneaced 4 ravage aan, sens Snonger end fr te gite ied oe the De cerinonis then some ‘Sie peter yest of othe or eral Dy. Dat the ma ng i thee ee De conmenia i mancnenpornenus and gue pee wr, utes Styles a puting ster tgeter wel ove fed yes ate. canst: ome dsiguiams topos Inara ras r- maps in exon ome gue Lone Cosphaies 0 dt Bow “mpage de Simo da a el orm Baia al IX seo ea (ance tnt Psebis Bakaoa San: This is «gust wh ths as the art of te pon of ayng Bynant lomay, Ir gen that we hve ere han A ependont sant of on episode and when wed, th 49 act oe sery hen onary pry shen they cme rm fhe 09 ‘Bfeent poe, The prom Bowes, allt sigh he 00 (Ser yor orion hy anes of exe i. We d ot he & Bagi ‘Sake of Be nan: beeen Leo Ciocorphaces 1 ene ws © ‘Bae ho ecg i a eed Sao f Bug ut of ig {Be iy foe of Dyn ad the ty of Tesco. Foray {Tb abn dens fo La ef of me fH mgd ‘Sik Symcon, and tee le. Sean's pechnt for Iocopeng (Ba paced sds of regain wth the Byzantine ney. Th ‘gets tha Lew reied an eu el pon ple reve of ogee 2 pate’ in ib mgt, en eos vy ite eon the Silos of wens ef ae ge of Anon ann you pss ferent epee te ta pens tha 4, 20 Fh 2:5 cpt Pb et on ee 1 of iy eal mt pl Tera 3 ae P| Actions mm con: mel wth he eaten hth, fr ne, $9 0 Spi mf “i a Chas ond Die ad of the emperor Tis Sete oe oe 25 thal logue played some pat Contain’ ces nig ‘Srna es toid lon tht no yxy ‘raf el oh, hg, we hae honing of ft ele all fe ‘hoe ti ath ao sit do ao at ha mle {f Consarin bs Bsa’ sot compel ray hy yeas et ‘ecw, Cotenar ft as red of oun id omy pox cy. owes, ote ethno th Penang dnc 1 the een, he weed. mae of ry Iatr® ond ‘extent in thor Byrn cme ole it re in a ‘eng ibe pn of uss wih ely. ogi to ‘it al gt Sn io et cw el espe weap ie mais of stuton, wndedByo (pein Bray Spot a fick of nino Rant nico, nk A Mu Rae ie i vided ene san Bg nFGlens Monson, La manasle Byzantine he de Homie ns plage ung fone Diesnione a Inons Momans Fravcos Bossa, Pesior et met: le de le pope ew lr toner de Goin Gand eon Divaione wilson Booger ‘Wares Post, Trfiecrion dle anon nial mde Disuione al leone PO nse CCavou Srono, Soo of “ean! al icin emo Discaslne sulla esone Sear lux N Wooo, The cts! cms of gS au “fom Etat Oe Dibcuione mal ione Wood Tos A. Gunch Monte, Palais ton dl Rene eb Toho er ie VA el id ies dss Bean Bowe Scnemxam, De Begun dr King ued di ene Nasonlamg Eup (ptt, bene) Discusiones leone Sebaedlet aoe Kean, Die Onna and die natn Kine “ride " Dianne ss lsone Kale - Arron Can, Vente «Bisnis ‘Dssuone sal eon Care eougues Simin, Taicsoter and meramiie sate ‘xpos oth tides - Deasone lt leioneSopand om Pane. Soma, Di lab ate eli nd Pes "ah de nearer Being a Bon Dicusione nls eon Seine 2” a 5