Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Part 2: You will hear a man and a woman talking about a community centre. Listen and fill in
the gaps with the missing information. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A
NUMBER for each answer. (10 pts)
B. PHONETICS: (5p)
Part 1. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others: (2.5p)
1. A. surgical B. surround C. surrender D. survival
2. A. opportunity B. menu C. attitude D. muscular
3. A. physical B. mythology C. rhythm D. psychology
4. A. apartheid B. thorough C. cathedral D. ethnic
5. A. exhausted B. cheetah C. rhinoceros D. alcoholic.
Part 2. Find the word whose main stress is different from that of the others. (2.5 pts)
1. A. Admission B. requirement C. copyright D. vocational
2. A. representative B. satisfactory C. documentary D. deforestation
3. A. acquaintance B. government C. development D. interpret
4. A. misbehaviour B. generational C. disciplinary D. education
5. A. intensity B. apprentice C. attendance D. atmosphere
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11. He will be sued for _____ of contract if he does not do what he promised.
A. fracture B. crack C. rupture D. breach
12. You shouldnt _____ into others people private lives.
A. prowl B. prod C. proceed D. pry
13. Some romantic novelists _____ out books with the same old formula every year.
A. churn B. spill C. ladle D. pour
14. Even the best medicines are not _____.
A. infallible B. unfailing C. fail-proof D. falsified
15. The dog was a little subdued yesterday, but shes full of _____ this morning.
A. sprouts B. beans C. chips D. berries
16. There are a lot of crooked people in big cities. If you dont want to be cheated, youll need
to keep your _____ about you.
A. mind B. wits C. head D. brain
17. Just because weve had a good year, this does not mean that we cannot do better: we must
not _____.
A. have our head in the clouds B. bury our heads in the sand
C. count our blessings D. rest on our laurels
18. Theres nothing as cozy on a cold evening as the warm _____ of a fire.
A. glare B. sparkle C. glow D. flame
19. She seems to be angry with the whole world. Shes got a chip _____.
A. on her shoulder B. in her bonnet C. under her hat D. between the ears
20. How do you calculate the distance to the horizon? As a _____, its 7 miles + 1 mile per 100
ft above sea level.
A. trick of the trade B. golden rule C. free hand D. rule of thumb
Part 2: Read the text, find the10 mistakes and correct them. You should indicate in which line the
mistake is. (5 pts)
Thirty years ago, the TV series UFO envisions 1999 as an era when space fighters were launched
from submarines, the world was in threat from alien invaders -and everyone carried a slide rule in a
holster on their belts.
Even as the programme was being made, pocket calculators were coming onto the market. There
was a lesson about the future: it will overtake your wildest imaginings. If you focus on
what existing technologies will develop, you miss the real changes - and threats. This
autumn sees the changeover between keyboards and mice to using the human voice to dictate
directly onto the screen, and to command the computer. Wonderful, you may think. A cure for
repetitive strain injure (RSI), caused by repeated physical actions. Except that it will not be. It will
transfer RSI from the wrist to the throat. The voice box is a very delicate instrument and we are not
used to speak all the time. Even 200 words (taking a little over a minute to say) leaves us clearing
our throats and sipping a drink. There will be catastrophes unless we learn how to use our voices
safe. Students who get up on the morning of an essay deadline to compose 4,000 words on a
voice -operated computer could permanently damage their voices.
Each new technological development tends to bring problems with it. Nobody had heard of RSI
until word processors exploded onto the market. Long hours spent stare into a computer monitor
led to complaints of eyestrain, backache and even worries about radiation leaks from the screen.
Repetitive computer related tasks are such a common features of modern work that many
companies are calling in ergonomic consultants to recommend ways to avoid RSI conditions such
as carpal tunnel syndrome, a wrist condition commonly found in people who use keyboards.
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Companies found that by following their advices, claims for injury or illnesses suffered by
employees were greatly diminished.
Part 3. Complete each of the following sentences with a suitable preposition or particle. (5 pts)
1. The ship was bound ..Japan when it ran into typhoon.
2. You need to show that picture .a dark background.
3. I turned ..at the meeting but the others didnt come.
4. Inside your passport, you should write the name of your next..kin.
5. We walked out of the room ..tiptoe, so as not to disturb the sleeping baby.
6. After the war, several people were tried for crimes .humanity.
7. I hate people who givethe end of a film that you havent seen.
8. Everyone approved of the scheme but when we asked for volunteers they all hung
9. As nobody seems to know what to do next, may I put a proposal?
10. Queen Victoria reigned ..Britain and Ireland for over sixty years.
11. The government was finally brought by a minor scandal.
12. The murderer turned himself .to the police one week after the crime.
13. We saw Rons mom lay ..him when he came home late last night.
14. Grandfather must be tired. Hes nodding .in his chair.
15. Her husband promised to mend the broken wheel soonfail.
16. His business is growing so fast that he must take more workers.
17. Wholl compensate me my loss?
18. Her uncle was given the award recognition of his services to the factory.
19. I must ask you not to allude .my past indiscretions.
20. John has grown his habit of playing truant.
Part 4. Give the correct form of the verbs in the brackets to complete the sentences. (5 pts)
1. The tiny village is the birthplace of one of the worlds most beloved bears, Smokey Bear,
(be)____precise!
2. While attempting to curb the inferno, a fire crew (rescue)_____ a badly frightened cub
(cling)____to a burnt pine tree.
3. The finding that the burial chamber (date)______back to 300 B.C has attracted many
archeologists.
4. I was born in an area of southern France where fresh Mediterranean tastes and smells
(abound)_____.
5. The villages first new houses for 20 years (be)______to be built next to Sane river.
6. What tune (play)____when they (come) ____in?
7. I suppose when I (come) back in two years time, they (pull) ______down all these
buildings.
8. It was the dreariest hotel I ( ever have)_____the misfortune (stay)_____in.
9. He would never miss (go)____ to such good party.
10. There was nobody around. John (stand) ____where she (leave) ____him.
11. He wasnt responsible. He wasnt (blame)_____.
12. What a dangerous thing to do! You (kill)______.
13. I felt as if I (betray)_____a confidence.
14. The accused denied (be)____in the vicinity of the murder scene.
15. Its essential that all top security documents (stamp)____CONFIDENTIAL.
Part 5. Complete the text by writing a correct form of the word in CAPITALS . (0) has been done
as an example. (5 pts)
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IS IT WORTH IT?
It is (0) commonly believed that a break from everyday routine can COMMON
only do you good. Every summer, you can spot
prospective (1) .. at airports and waiting for car HOLDAY
ferries. They are (2) - you can tell them a mile away by their MISTAKE
sun hats and hopeful expressions.
For all their optimism, what often actually happens can be a rude
(3) . from the blissful holiday dreams of the rest WAKE
of the year. Sunburn, mosquitoes and (4) .. FORESEE
expenses can make you think twice about how (5) .. getting away BENEFIT
from it all really is.
The fact is, the (6) of something going wrong LIKELY
is maximized when you are abroad and, (7) .., your ability to deal FORTUNE
with crisis and catastrophe is often minimized. This
could be because of language problems, (8) .. with the culture, or FAMILIAR
simply a different climate, all of which make everything seem different and unreal.
So, what is the answer? (9) ., an annual escape from DOUBT
normal working life is a very positive thing. However, the
(10) . of seeking an exotic location is questionable when you WISE
think of all the things that can go wrong.
Part 6: Choose the words/ phrases from the table below to complete the passage. TWO
suggested phrases do not fit at all.(5 pts)
on the other for example all things considered for this reason whilst
in contrast secondly thus but furthermore
firstly too
Censorship is an issue which frequently generates a great deal of heated debate, with supporters
maintaining that it is vital in order to protect society, (1) _________ opponents claim that it is an
unjustifiable restriction of public access to information.
(2)__________, all countries have secrets which must be safeguarded for reasons of national
security. For instance, if an enemy country were to acquire such highly sensitive information, the
effects could be catastrophic. Consequently, governments have to have the power to restrict access
to information concerning areas such as the armed forces or particular aspects of foreign policy.
(3) __________, it is often argued that censorship is necessary to prevent the broadcast and
publication of obscene material which is considered offensive and harmful to public morals. Many
people feel that, without censorship the public would be constantly subjected to material that the
majority would find offensive. (4) __________, the government has a duty to impose certain
restrictions on the mass media by censoring films and texts which contain explicit scenes of sex,
violence or foul language.
(5) __________, opponents of censorship point out that when it is abused by governments,
censorship becomes an instrument used to misinform society and maintain power. In order to
control the flow of information which reaches the public, repressive regimes try to put constraints
on the media, (6) __________denying citizens the right to information owing to the fact that
governments believe it may lead them to seek greater freedom.
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(7) _____________, it is generally felt that mature adults are able to make informed choices about
what they watch, read and listen to and should, therefore, be permitted to make their own decisions.
(8) ____________, some comedians make use of offensive language and taboo subjects in their
performances. Critics of censorship argue that the only people who will watch or listen to such
material are adults who have made a conscious decision to do so. Thus, it is claimed, it is unjust to
censor material like this since it is not forced upon people who may subsequently be offended by it.
(9) ____________, it can be concluded that a certain degree of censorship is always necessary. The
best course of action would be to attempt to achieve a balance between the requirements of the
country and the public on the one hand, and individuals rights (10) ____________.
Part 3. Read the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions. (5 points)
Meteorite Impact and Dinosaur Extinction
There is increasing evidence that the impacts of meteorites have had important effects on Earth,
particularly in the field of biological evolution. Such impacts continue to pose a natural hazard to
life on Earth. Twice in the twentieth century, large meteorite objects are known to have collided
with Earth.
If an impact is large enough, it can disturb the environment of the entire Earth and cause an
ecological catastrophe. The best-documented such impact took place 65 million years ago at the end
of the Cretaceous period of geological history. This break in Earths history is marked by a mass
extinction, when as many as half the species on the planet became extinct. While there are a dozen
or more mass extinctions in the geological record, the Cretaceous mass extinction has always
intrigued paleontologists because it marks the end of the age of the dinosaurs. For tens of millions
of years, those great creatures had flourished. Then, suddenly, they disappeared.
The body that impacted Earth at the end of the Cretaceous period was a meteorite with amass
of more than a trillion tons and a diameter of at least 10 kilometers. Scientists first identified this
impact in 1980 from the worldwide layer of sediment deposited from the dust cloud that enveloped
the planet after the impact. This sediment layer is enriched in the rare metal iridium and other
elements that are relatively abundant in a meteorite but very rare in the crust of Earth. Even diluted
by the terrestrial material excavated from the crater, this component of meteorites is easily
identified. By 1990 geologists had located the impact site itself in the Yucatn region of Mexico.
The crater, now deeply buried in sediment, was originally about 200 kilometers in diameter.
This impact released an enormous amount of energy, excavating a crater about twice as large
as the lunar crater Tycho. The explosion lifted about 100 trillion tons of dust into the atmosphere, as
can be determined by measuring the thickness of the sediment layer formed when this dust settled to
the surface. Such a quantity of material would have blocked the sunlight completely from reaching
the surface, plunging Earth into a period of cold and darkness that lasted at least several months.
The explosion is also calculated to have produced vast quantities of nitric acid and melted rock that
sprayed out overmuch of Earth, starting widespread fires that must have consumed most terrestrial
forest sand grassland. Presumably, those environmental disasters could have been responsible for
the mass extinction, including the death of the dinosaurs.
Several other mass extinctions in the geological record have been tentatively identified with
large impacts, but none is so dramatic as the Cretaceous event. But even without such specific
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documentation, it is clear that impacts of this size do occur and that their results can be catastrophic.
What is a catastrophe for one group of living things, however, may create opportunities for another
group. Following each mass extinction, there is a sudden evolutionary burst as new species develop
to fill the ecological niches opened by the event.
Impacts by meteorites represent one mechanism that could cause global catastrophes and
seriously influence the evolution of life all over the planet. According to some estimates, the
majority of all extinctions of species may be due to such impacts. Such a perspective fundamentally
changes our view of biological evolution. The standard criterion for the survival of a species is its
success in competing with other species and adapting to slowly changing environments. Yet an
equally important criterion is the ability of a species to survive random global ecological
catastrophes due to impacts.
Earth is a target in a cosmic shooting gallery, subject to random violent events that were
unsuspected a few decades ago. In 1991 the United States Congress asked NASA to investigate
the hazard posed today by large impacts on Earth. The group conducting the study concluded from
a detailed analysis that impacts from meteorites can indeed be hazardous. Although there is always
some risk that a large impact could occur, careful study shows that this risk is quite small.
Part 4: Read the following passage and do the tasks that follow.(5 pts)
Questions 1 4
The reading passage on Deer Farming In Australia has 5 paragraphs (A E).
From the list of headings below choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs
A E. Write the appropriate number (i viii) next to questions 1 4 on your answer sheet.
NB There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use them all.
i Industry Structures
ii Disease Affects Production
iii Trends in Production
iv Government Assistance
v How Deer Came to Australia
vi Research and Development
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vii Asian Competition
viii Industry Development
Ex: Paragraph A v
1. Paragraph B
2. Paragraph C
3. Paragraph D
4. Paragraph E
Deer Farming In Australia
Paragraph A
Deer are not indigenous to Australia. They were introduced into the country during the
nineteenth century under the acclimatization programs governing the introduction of exotic
species of animals and birds into Australia. Six species of deer were released at various
locations. The animals dispersed and established wild populations at various locations across
Australia, mostly depending upon their points of release into the wild. These animals formed
the basis for the deer industry in Australia today.
Commercial deer farming in Australia commenced in Victoria in 1971 with the
authorized capture of rusa deer from the Royal National Park, NSW. Until 1985, only four
species of deer, two from temperate climates (red, fallow) and two tropical species (rusa,
chital) were confined for commercial farming. Late in 1985, pressure from industry to increase
herd numbers saw the development of import protocols. This resulted in the introduction of
large numbers of red deer hybrids from New Zealand and North American elk directly from
Canada. The national farmed deer herd is now distributed throughout all states although most
are in New South Wales and Victoria.
Paragraph B
The number of animals processed annually has continued to increase, despite the
downward trend in venison prices since 1997. Of concern is the apparent increase in the
number of female animals processed and the number of whole herds committed for processing.
With more than 40,000 animals processed in 1998/99 and 60,000 in 1999/2000, there is
justified concern that future years may see a dramatic drop in production. At least 85% of all
venison produced in Australia is exported, principally to Europe. At least 90% of all velvet
antler produced is exported in an unprocessed state to Asia.
Schemes to promote Australian deer products continue to have a positive effect on sales
that in turn have a positive effect on prices paid to growers. The industry appears to be showing
limited signs that it is emerging from a state of depression caused by both internal and external
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factors that include: (i) the Asian currency downturn; (ii) the industrys lack of competitive
advantage in influential markets (particularly in respect to New Zealand competition), and; (iii)
within industry processing and marketing competition for limited product volumes of venison.
Paragraph C
From the formation of the Australian Deer Breeders Federation in 1979, the industry
representative body has evolved through the Deer Farmers Federation of Australia to the Deer
Industry Association of Australia Ltd (DIAA), which was registered in 1995. The industry has
established two product development and marketing companies, the Australian Deer Horn and
Co-Products Pty Ltd (ADH) and the Deer Industry Projects and Development Pty Ltd, which
trades as the Deer Industry Company (DIC). ADH collects and markets Australian deer horn
and co-products on behalf of Australian deer farmers. It promotes the harvest of velvet antler
according to the strict quality assurance program promoted by the industry. The company also
plans and co-ordinates regular velvet accreditation courses for Australian deer farmers.
Paragraph D
Estimates suggest that until the early 1990s the rate of the annual increase in the
number of farmed deer was up to 25%, but after 1993 this rate of increase fell to probably less
than 10%. The main reasons for the decline in the deer herd growth rate at such a critical time
for the market were: (i) severe drought conditions up to 1998 affecting eastern Australia during
1993-96 and (ii) the consequent slaughter of large numbers of breeding females, at very low
prices. These factors combined to decrease confidence within the industry. Lack of confidence
saw a drop in new investment within the industry and a lack of willingness of established
farmers to expand their herds. With the development of strong overseas markets for venison
and velvet and the prospect of better seasons ahead in 1996, the trends described were seen to
have been significantly reversed. However, the relatively small size of the Australian herd was
seen to impose undesirable restraints on the rate at which herd numbers could be expanded to
meet the demands for products.
Supply difficulties were exacerbated when the supply of products, particularly venison,
was maintained by the slaughter of young breeding females. The net result was depletion of the
industrys female breeding herds.
Paragraph E
Industry programs are funded by statutory levies on sales of animals for venison, velvet
antler sales and the sale of live animals into export markets. The industry has a 1996 - 2000
five year plan including animal nutrition, pasture quality, carcass quality, antler harvesting,
promotional material and technical bulletins. All projects have generated a significant volume
of information, which compliments similar work undertaken in New Zealand and other deer
farming countries.
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Major projects funded by levy funds include the Venison Market Project from 1992 to
1996. This initiative resulted in a dramatic increase in international demand for Australian
venison and an increase in the domestic consumption of venison. In an effort to maintain
existing venison markets in the short term and to increase them in the long term, in 1997 the
industrys top priority became the increase in size and production capacity of the national herd.
Questions 5 7
Read the passage about Deer Farming in Australia again and look at the statements below. For
questions 5 7 on your answer sheet write:
TRUE if the statement is true
FALSE if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in Reading Passage
5. Since 1985 many imported deer have been interbred with the established herds.
6. The drop in deer numbers since 1997 led to an increase in the price of venison.
7. Current economic conditions in Asian countries have had positive effect on the Australian deer
industry.
Questions 8 10
Complete each of the following statements (Questions 8 10) with words taken from Reading
Passage. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. Write your answers on your
answer sheet.
8. A stringent __________ allows the Australian deer industry to maintain their excellence of
product.
9. Herd stock expansion was made difficult by the killing of __________ to continue product
supply.
10. Foreign and home markets for Australian venison increased due to the __________.
E. WRITING: (25 pts)
Part 1. For each of the sentence below, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to
the original sentence but using the word given. This word must not be altered in any way. (5pts.)
1. His smooth manner didnt deceive us. (TAKEN)
_________________________________________________________________
2. The President was impeached because of his financial misconduct. (GROUNDS)
______________________________________________________________
3. The jumper you knitted for my daughter no longer fits her. (GROWN)
_________________________________________________________________
4. Oskar didnt feel like going out last night. (MOOD)
________________________________________________________________
5. No one listened to what the politician was saying last night. (EARS)
_________________________________________________________________
6. His father was very angry with him when he heard he had damaged the car. (BLEW)
________________________________________________________________
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7. Winning the lottery has its good and bad points. (BLESSING)
_________________________________________________________________
8. Hes a pleasant man socially but he is a tough businessman. (BARGAIN)
___________________________________________________________________
9. The young actress was very nervous before the audition. (BUTTERFLIES)
___________________________________________________________________
10. We were elated by the birth of our first grandchild. (MOON)
___________________________________________________________________
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