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  • Problemas Relatividad Especial

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    Hecttor Juarez
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    Problemas de relatividad especial,

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    Problemas de relatividad especial,

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    8 vistas23 páginas

    Problemas Relatividad Especial

    Cargado por

    Hecttor Juarez
    Problemas de relatividad especial,

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Descargue como DOCX, PDF o lea en línea desde Scribd
    Marcar por contenido inapropiado
    de 23
    1 Convert the following to units in which c= 1, expressing everything in terms of m and kg: (a) Worked example: 10J. In SI units, 10) = 10kgm?s~. Since ¢ = |, we have 1s =3 x 10®m, and so 1s-? =(9 x 10)! m-?. Therefore we get 10) = 10kgm2(9 x 10!9)-! m-? = 1.1 x 10! kg. Alternatively, treat ¢ as a conver- sion factor: =3x10ms, Gx 108)-' me's, 103 = 10kgm?s? = 10kem?s? x CP = 10kgm?s? x @ x 10°) 7s? m? = 11 x 107 kg. You are allowed to multiply ar divide by as many factors of ¢ as are necessary to cancel out the seconds. (b) The power output of 100W. (c) Planck’s reduced constant, fh = 1.05 x 10-* Js, (Note the definition of fin terms of Planck's constant h: i= h/2zt.) (d) Velocity of a car, v = 30ms-! (e) Momentum of a car, 3 x 10+ kgms~! (f) Pressure of one atmosphere = 10° N m~®, (g) Density of water, 10° kg mv (h) Luminosity flux 10° Js! em 2 Comert the following from natural units (c= 1) to STunits: (a) A velocity v = 107, (b) Pressure 10! kg m3. (c) Time t = 108 m. (d) Energy density (e) Acceleration 10 mr Ikem™*. 3 Draw the fand x ates of the spacetime coordinates of an observer © and then draw: (a) The world line of ©'s clock at x = 1m. (b) The world line of a particle moving with velocity dx/dt = 0.1, and which is at x= 0.5m when 1=0. (c) The? and & axes of an observer O who moves with velocity v = 0.5 in the positive x direction relative to O and whose origin (i = 7 = 0) coincides with that of O. (d) The locus of events whose interval As? from the origin is —1m?. (e) The locus of events whose interval As? from the origin is +1 m°. (f) The calibration ticks at one meter intervals along the ¥ and 7 axes. (g) The locus of events whose interval As? from the origin is 0. (h) The locus of events, all of which occur at the time ¢ = 2 m (simultaneous as seen by O). i) The locus of events, all of which occur at the time 7 = 2m (simultaneous 2s seer by 0). (The event which occurs at 7 = 0 and # = (k) The locus of events ¥ = 1m. (1) The world line of a photon which is emitted from the event f = —1m, x = 0, trav cls in the negative x direction, is reflected when it encounters a mirror located a = —Im,and is abscrbed when it encounters a detector located at x = 0.75 m. Sm. 6 Show that Eq, (/.2) contains only Mag +Mpa when @ #B. not Mag and Mpa independently. Argue that this enables us to set Mag = Mga without loss of generality. 7 Inthe discussion leading up to Eq. (1.2), assume that the coordinates of © are given as the following linear combinations of those of O: where @, 6,,v,4, and b may be functions of the velocity v of © relative to O, but they do not depend on the coordinates. Find the numbers (Map.c.b = 0, ... .3} of Eg, (1.2) in terms of a. B, 4, ¥,a, and b. 8 (a) Derive Eq, (1.3) from Eq, (1.2), for general (Map.cr,8 = 0, ... 3) (b) Since A¥? = 0 in Eq, (1.3) for any (Ax), replace Ax! by Ax in Eq, (1.3) and subtract the resulting equation from Eq. (1.3) to establish that Mo; = 0 for i= 1,2,3. (©) Use Eq. (1.3) with Ax? =0 to establish Eq. (1.4b). (Hint, Ax, Ay, and Ag are arbitrary.) 10 For the pairs of events whose coordinates (,x,y,2) in some frame are given below, classify their separations as timelike, spacelike, or null. (a) (0,0,0, 0) and (-1,1,0, 0), (b) (1,1, 1, O and (1, 1, 0,2), (© (6,0, 1, 0) and (5, 0, 1,0), @ (AA, =I, 1) and (4,1, -1,.6). 11 Show that the hyperbolae 2 + x2 = a? and —2 +x? = —b? are asympiotic to the lines 1 = +x, regardless of a and b. 13 The half-life of the elementary particle called the pi meson (or pion) is 2.5 x 10-8 s when the pion is at rest relative to the observer measuring its decay time. Show, by the principle of relativity, that pions moving at speed v = 0.999 must have a half-life of 5.6 x 107 s, as measured by an observer at rest. 14 Suppose that the velocity v of © relative to O is small, |v| < 1. Show that the time dilation, Lorentz contraction, and velocity-addition formulae can be approximated by, respectively: (@) At~ (1 + 40)A%, () are — dv az, © wi & w4v—wolw + v) (with fw] <1 as well). ‘What are the relative errors in these approximations when |v| 15 Suppose that the velocity v of O relative to O is nearly that of light, |»| 0 <£ <1. Show that the same formulae of Exer. 14 become (a) Ate At//Qe), (b) Ar= Ax//Q2e), (© w!s1—e(1—w)/l +u). ‘What are the relative errors on these approximations when e = 0.1 and w = 0.9? 16 Use the Lorentz transformation, Eq, (1.12), to derive (a) the time dilation, and (b) the Lorentz contraction formulae. Do this by identifying the pairs of events where the separations (in time or space) are to be compared, and then using the Lorentz transformation to accomplish the algebra that the invariant hyperbolae had been used for in the text. 18 (a) (b) The Einstein velocity-addition law, Eq. (1.13), has a simpler form if we introduce the concept of the velocity parameter u, defined by the equation v= tanhu. Notice that for —oo

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