DESIGN OF LOCAL AREA NETWORK

Computer Networks
This material belongs to Carlos A. Majer, University Professor of Information Te
chnology and Superior Teaching Specialist University of São Paulo City - UNICID
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Introduction Numerous benefits can be checked in using a local network, includin
g: Resource Sharing Centralizing Information Access Control Centralized Facility
Backup Facility routines routines routines contingency Ease of integration and
consolidation of information for small businesses often create a network means i
nstalling a hub or switch in one of the dependencies of an office and stick your
network cables, connecting their equipment to then configure the operating syst
em of computers to share resources. The aim of this paper is to extrapolate this
simple model of the network and give you an idea of how to create a larger netw
ork design for a company whose equipment is located on several floors in one bui
lding. This network design should be used as a standard for future subsidiaries
of the company, providing a structure in a three-storey building. It must be cre
ated by providing the company's growth, so that future organizational units (hea
dquarters and branches) can communicate. Project Structure The project will be s
tructured as follows: 1. Purpose and Scope 2. Project - Network LAN a. B. Brief
Description Technologies Used c. Logic Diagram d. Topology Diagram o o o e. Wiri
ng Diagram - 1, 2 and 3 Floors f. Definition Cabling 3. Map of Banda - 4 IP addr
esses. Forecast Cost a. B. Definition of Equipment C. Definition of Material Man
power d. Budget Summary 5. Router Configuration Prof. Carlos Majer Page 1
DESIGN OF LOCAL AREA NETWORK
Computer Networks
Step 1 - Defining the Purpose and Scope This item should give a clear view of th
e design and scope to be achieved. It should be noted that in some cases the ult
imate goal may be greater than the specific project, so that it becomes a step i
n the ultimate goal. Example: -
1. Purpose and Scope
Objective This project envisages the creation of a network model for data commun
ication between different organizational units of the company through the use of
technology industry standards, considering the cost-effectiveness, security and
company growth. Scope in this proposal include the creation of the project netw
ork (LAN), its complete documentation, configuring routers, firewall installatio
n and functional testing, installation, labeling and certification of structured
cabling.
Premises (under the responsibility of the contractor): â ¢ Electrical installation
s appropriate (sockets, earthing, lightning, etc). â ¢ Installation of channel w /
passage of cabling â ¢ Required Software properly installed and functional networ
k administrator or technical personnel qualified to setup the software and suppo
rt in testing the operation of the network.
Note that although the project is the creation of a model of communication betwe
en headquarters and subsidiaries, the scope defines the creation of a local netw
ork. This means that a job will be done initially but located so that the compan
y is already prepared for future growth.
Step 2 - LAN Network Project In this step, we entered into certain details perta
ining to operational part, ie in relation to technology, geographical dispositio
n (internal) company, films, etc.. First, we make a description of the company a
nd its functional distribution.
a) Brief Description
This network design will be used as standard for the creation of new regional ne
tworks and revision of existing ones. The functional profile of each region is c
omposed of approximately 28 employees, distributed in 2 floors with about 3 450m
. It is important to provide the basis to project referencing the concepts or pa
tterns that will be used.
b) Technologies Used
Basically it will use the standard OSI model for operation of local networks. Am
ong the materials and equipment will be used Category 5 UTP cable for connecting
the equipment, Cisco equipment and TCP / IP.
Prof. Carlos Majer
Page 2
LOCAL NETWORK PROJECT Logic Diagram
Computer Networks
In this model, we consider the use of cabling to each floor of the building (hor
izontal cabling) that connects to the backbone (cabling central). On each floor
there will be a HCC (Horizontal cross-connect = Horizontal Cross-Connect), which
is a room into which all cables from the floor, connecting the network devices
to a patch panel, which will be connected to the central backbone. In the centra
l floor of the building will have a MCC (Main cross-connect Cross-Connect = Main
), which acts as a central point of the network in a format of a star. Topology
Diagram In each HCC will use a switch to center devices on the floor. These swit
ches will be connected to a central switch that will check the destination of pa
ckets and if necessary will forward the packets to the router that will make ext
ernal access (Internet, WAN). The network will be segmented into sub-networks in
order to group the same level of devices to restrict unauthorized access and se
gment the collision domain of the packets in transit on the network. The company
's servers are directly connected to the MCC in order to provide a layer of shar
ed access to various network devices.
Wiring diagram of the distribution 1. Prof Storey. Carlos Majer Page 3
DESIGN OF LOCAL AREA NETWORK
Computer Networks
It is interesting to create a sketch containing the locations of points of netwo
rk hydraulic structure and physical division of the company. In this design sket
ches were created for all floors. In this sketch made available to the cable net
work showing the devices they connect and identify each of the cables, extra poi
nts and loose ends (reserve). Distribution 2. Floor
the
Prof. Carlos Majer
Page 4
DESIGN OF LOCAL AREA NETWORK
Computer Networks
Sometimes, determining the number of cables for a given area can be a complicate
d task. In this project, we consider an extra point (network) for each set of th
ree devices (computers, networking equipment, etc.), and a cable for each bookin
g two extra points. In a room with two devices, the rule is to have an extra poi
nt and an extra cable. By pulling network cables, be careful to identify them be
fore. In this project, we used the following nomenclature identifying NXX / PMM
/ ZZZ, where: N = Destination Port Equipment XX = P = Point of Destination / Sou
rce Port No. = MM Dot / Source Port = ZZZ Place of Origin Distribution of 3. Flo
or
the
Definition Cabling
Relate this information by developing a spreadsheet that contains connection and
Point Source, Connection Point and Destination, Location, cable ID, Film and St
atus. Used CAT-5e Cable - UTP and distributed to points across the channel. Tota
l Points: 66 total footage of cable used: 2374 mts cable (8 boxes of 300 mts).
Origin Destination Port Connection Point 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Connecting Superv. Commer
cial Point Cape Extra Extra Assistant Superv. Commercial Door Extra Extra Point
Cape Point P32 P33 P34 P35 P36 P37 P38 Location first. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. AndarAn
darAndarAndarAndarAndarAndarSala Room Room Room Room Room Room 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 ID
Cape 2HA/P32/S4 3HA/P33/S4 4HA/P34/S4 5HA/P35/S4 6HA/P36/S3 7HA/P37/S3 8HA/P38 /
Film Cape S3 27 23 27 22 34 30 34 Status Not used Not operational use In use In
use Not used Not operational
H C C
Prof. Carlos Majer
Page 5
DESIGN OF LOCAL AREA NETWORK
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Assistant Su
perv. Commercial Point Cape Extra Extra Assistant Superv. Commercial Point Cape
Extra Extra Extra Assistant Receptionist Point Cape Point Security Extra Extra E
xtra Cable HCC-HCC-B-C HCC Server - Print Server - SAP Server - File Server - Bu
s Router Point Extra Extra Extra Point Cape Point March 2 Destination Port 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Connection Superv. Logistics
Assistant Cape Point Extra Extra Extra Extra Point Wizard Cape Superv. Financia
l Assistant Cape Point Extra Extra Superv. Extra Point Marketing first. Extra se
cond promoter Cape. Promoter third. Promoter Extra Point 4. Promoter fifth. Prom
oter 6. Promoter 7. Promoter 8.€Promoter Destination Connection Regional Manage
r Cape Point Extra Extra Extra Extra Point Cape Assistant Secretary Cape Point E
xtra Extra Point Door Supervisor IT P9 P10 P11 P12 P13 P14 P15 P16 P17 P18 P19 P
20 P21 P22 P23 P24 P25 P26 P27 P28 P29 P30 P31 Location 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2.
2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. Floor Floor Floor Floor Floor Floor
Floor Floor Floor Floor Floor Floor Floor Floor Floor Floor Floor Floor Floor F
loor Floor Floor Floor - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Sala Sala S
ala Sala Room Room Room Room Room Room Room Room Room Room Room Room Room Room R
oom Room Room Room Room 8 8 8 8 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 ID Cape 2H
B/P9/S8 3HB/P10/S8 4HB/P11/S8 5HB/P12/S8 6HB/P13/S7 7HB/P14/S7 8HB/P15/S7 9HB/P1
6/S7 10HB/P17/S6 11HB/P18/S6 12HB/P19/S6 13HB/P20/S6 14HB/P21/S5 15HB/P22/S5 16H
B/P23/S5 17HB/P24/S5 18HB/P25/S5 19HB/P26/S5 20HB/P27/S5 21HB/P28/S5 22HB/P29/S5
Identification 23HB/P30/S5 24HB/P31/S5 Cape 10 10 10 1HC/P54/S10 2HC/P55/S10 3H
C/P56/S10 4HC/P57/HA 5HC/P58/HA 6HC/P59/HA 7HC/P60 / S11 8HC/P61/S11 9HC/P62/S11
10HC/P63/S11 P39 P40 P41 P42 P43 P44 P45 P46 P47 P48 P49 P50 P51 P52 P53 1 1 1
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 first. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. 3
. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. Floor-Room 3-Room Floor 2 Floor, Room 2-Room Floor 2 F
loor, Room 2-Room Floor 1st Floor 1st Floor-Room-Room 1 Floor 1 Floor-Room Floor
-Reception-Reception-Front Floor Floor Floor-Safety- Safety-Safety Floor Floor -
Hall Floor - Hall Floor - Hall Floor - Room 9 Andar - Sala 9 Andar - Sala 9 And
ar - Sala 9 Andar - Sala 9 Andar - Sala 9 Andar - Sala 9 Andar - Sala 9 9HA/P39/
S3 10HA/P40/S2 11HA/P41/S2 12HA/P42/S2 13HA/P43/S2 14HA/P44/S1 15HA/P45/S1 16HA/
P46/S1 17HA/P47/S1 18HA/P48/RE 19HA/P49/RE 20HA/P50/RE 21HA/P51/SE 22HA/P52/SE 2
3HA/P53/SE 1M/1HA/S9 2M/1HB/S9 3M/1HC/S9 4M/P1/S9 5M/P2/S9 6M/P3/S9 7M/P4/S9 8M/
P5/S9 9M/P6/S9 10M/P7/S9 11M/P8/S9
Computer Networks
29 41 36 41 36 48 43 48 43 44 47 47 59 53 59 17 16 13 15 16 19 17 18 11 11 18 In
Use In Use Not Used Not operating Not In Use In Use Not used operating in use i
n use Not used Not operational Not in use Not used in operational use In use In
use In use In use In use In use In use Not used Not used Not operational
The
M C C
Source Connection
H C C B
Cape Film 33 28 32 33 40 40 39 35 46 46 45 42 44 40 50 42 46 45 50 47 44 42 35 C
ape Film 52 51 52 35 35 35 33 33 32 30
Status In Use In Use Not Used Not operating Not operating Not In Use In Use In U
se Used Not operating Not Used Not Used In Use In Use Not In Use In operational
use Unused In Use In Use In Use In Use In Use Status
Source Connection H C C C
Door Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Door Number P54 P55 P56 P57 P58 P59 P60 P61 P62 P63
Third location. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. Floor Floor Floor Floor Floor Floor F
loor Floor Floor Floor - - - - - - - Sala Sala Sala Sala Sala Hall Hall Hall Hal
l Hall
November 11 November 11
In Use Not Used Not operating Not operating Not Used In Use Not In Use Not used
in operational use
Prof. Carlos Majer
Page 6
DESIGN OF LOCAL AREA NETWORK
Computer Networks
Step 3 - Map of Banda - IP Addresses section of this project, we determine the n
etwork address to be used, the subnet mask, subnets, the range of IPs, the ident
ification of the virtual network and users (with their devices) that use each of
the IPs.
Note that in this configuration we are defining subnets through the subnet mask.
Check carefully whether you need to segment your network into subnets since, to
determine if the addresses IPS, computers (devices) will be part of specific gr
oups (as the range of valid IP below) and thus will not be able to see other com
puters configured with IP numbers belonging to other IP range.
IP Configuration IP Address used Class A: 10.0.0.0 Subnet 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 End.de
network 10.0.0.0 10.32.0.0 10.64.0.0 10.96.0.0 10.128.0.0 10.160.0.0 10.192.0.0
10,224. 0.0 Subnet Mask: 255.224.0.0 Address: 10.31.255.255 IP Range Broadcast
valid unused
From 10.32.0.1 to 10.63.255.255 10.63.254.255 10.95.255.255 10.65.254.255 from 1
0.64.0.1 to 10.96.0.1 of the 10,127,255,255 10,127,254,255 10,159,255,255 10,159
,254,255 10,191,255,255 for the 10.128.0.1 from 10,160. 0.1 to 10,191,254,255 10
,223,255,255 10,223,254,255 10,255,255,255 from 10.192.0.1 to unused
TABLE OF IP User Supervisor Commercial Commercial Assistant Supervisor Commercia
l Assistant Commercial 1st FLOOR Supervisor Commercial Commercial Assistant Supe
rvisor Commercial Commercial Assistant Receptionist Security Sales Representativ
e 1 Sales Representative 2 Sales Representative 3 Sales Representative 4 Sales R
epresentative 5 Sales Representative 6 Promoter Sales July 2nd FLOOR Sales Repre
sentative 8 Supervisor Merchandising Assistant Merchandising Supervisor Financia
l Assistant Financial Advisor Logistics Assistant Logistics Administration Serve
r File Server Location Room 1 Room 1 Room 2 Room 2 Room 3 Room 3 Room 4 Room 4 R
eception Reception Room May Room 5 Room 5 Room 5 Room 5 Room 5 Room 5 Room 6 Roo
m 5 Room 6 Room 7 Room 8 Room 7 Room 8 Room 9 Room 9 IP 10.32.0.1 10.32.0.2 10.3
2.0.3 10.32.0.4 10.32.0.5 10.32.0.6 10.32.0.7 10.32.0.8 10.32.0.9 10.32.0.10 10.
32.0.11 10.32.0.12 10.32.0.13 10.32.0.14 10.32.0.15 10.32.0.16 10.32.0.17 10.32.
0.18 10.32.0.19 10.32.0.20 10.32.0.21 10.32.0.22 10.32. 0.23 10.32.0.24 10.128.0
.1 10.128.0.2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 VLAN
Prof. Carlos Majer
Page 7
DESIGN OF LOCAL AREA NETWORK
System server Print Server Router Regional Manager Department Supervisor 3rd FLO
OR IT Assistant IT Room 9 Room 9 Room 9 Room 10 Room 11 Room 11 Hall
Computer Networks
10.128.0.3 10.128.0.4 10.0.0.1 10.64.0.1 10.64.0.2 10.96.0.1 10.96.0.2 3 3 4 4 1
1
Note that in this configuration we consider the use of virtual networks. Virtual
networks can be set via software or hardware and identifying computers that sha
re the same virtual port.
Step 4 - Estimate of Costs * Prices illustrative reference - actual prices are n
ot the definition of hardware components is essential to determine the cost of t
he project. The figures below are fictitious and used as a model for this projec
t. Definition of Equipment
Equipment Router Switch Switch Switch Switch Model CISCO CISCO 2610 XM 24 p. 10
/ 2 100 1 900 CISCO 24 p. 10 / 2 100 1 900 CISCO 12 p. 10 / 2 100 1 900 CISCO 12
p. 100 / 2 100 2900 1 Serial Port / 1 Ethernet 1 Console / Auxiliary 1 Ethernet
+ 1 24 24 UpLink UpLink 12 Ethernet Ethernet + 1 + 1 + 1 Ethernet 12 UpLink UpL
ink Location MCC - 2nd. Floor - Room 9 HCC-A first. Floor - Hall B-HCC second. F
loor - Hall HCC-C 3. Floor - Hall MCC - 2nd. Floor - Hall 9 TOTAL
the
Qty 1 1 1 1 1 5
Unit VLR. Total 12000.00 12000.00 12000.00 8500.00 8500.00 5000.00 8500.00 8500.
00 5000.00 12000.00 46000.00
It is advisable to make quotations from at least three suppliers for each type o
f material and that such quotations are passed to the purchasing department of t
he company. One should also check the type of assurance given by the company (re
placement or repairs), the local service (local or counter) and if applicable th
e time to repair. Definition of Material
Material Cable UTP CAT 5e (Cx 300 Mts.) Cable Patch Cable (Cord) Cat 5e / RJ45 (
3M) RJ 45 Plug Strip White Plastic Patch Panel - RJ 45-12 ports. Patch Panel - R
J 45-24 ports. Low Rack (0.45 x 1 Meter) Tray w / Rack / Unit Equipment Box Mts
Ask Ask Ask Ask Ask Ask Qty Total 8 32 132 2 2 2 4 5 Unit VLR. Total 2000.00 250
.00 5.00 160.00 0.90 118.80 5.00 10.00 300.00 600.00 490.00 980.00 350.00 150.00
750.00 6018 1400.00 80
As important as defining the cost of labor is to determine the security service,
which is covered, the time the guarantee and the maximum time to call in case o
f problems. It is also interesting to put a margin of error of 5% in the budget.
Hand and Artwork
Service Installation Team first. Floor - 88 meters at 23 points (15 hrs) 2. Walk
ing - 1085 meters at 19 points (24 hrs) 3. Floor - 401 mts in 24 points (17 hrs)
Team Labelling Labelling of 66 points Team Certification Checking Fluke 66 poin
ts 56 hours forecast of June 10 SUB-TOTAL Margin of error - 5% Total Cost / Time
75.00 75 2000 150.00 450.00 Total Value 1500.00 4200.00 6150.00 6457.50 307.50
Finally, determine a budget summary that ends the quotation process. Prof. Carlo
s Majer
Page 8
LOCAL NETWORK PROJECT Budget Summary
Item Material Labor Equipment Total Value 46000.00 6018.80 6150.00 58168.80
Computer Networks
Step 5 - Router Configuration To finish the project it is convenient to have the
initial configuration of the router and if applicable any other necessary devic
es. The example below describes the basic configuration for the router discussed
in the proposal (CISCO 2610 XM).€Router> enable Router # configure terminal Ro
uter (config) # hostname CCJ CCJ (config) # enable secret vcom CCJ (config) # en
able password movc CCJ (config) # line console 0 CCJ (config-line) # login CCJ (
config- line) # password movc CCJ (config-line) # exit CCJ (config) # line vty 0
4 CCJ (config-line) # login CCJ (config-line) # password movc CCJ (config-line)
# exit CCJ (config ) # service password_encryption CCJ (config) # interface eth
ernet 0 CCJ (config-if) # ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 CCJ (config-if) # no shu
tdown CCJ (config-if) # exit CCJ (config) # exit CCJ # copy running-config start
up-config Destination filename [startup-config]? <ENTER> CCJ # reload Conclusion
With this proposed project model of local networks, I believe I have shown some
of the concepts that are eventually applied in this type of project. However, I
would stress the importance of studying the OSI model and the TCP / IP protocol
s (routed and routing) and all related technology. Those interested, I suggest t
he search for the CCNA (Cisco Certified Networking Associate) is the most compre
hensive in the industry, for those who want to start and to deepen their underst
anding of computer networks.
Carlos Majer Developer and Systems Analyst. Pioneered the use of the Internet pa
rticipating in the experimental project of the Brazilian Internet from April to
December 1994. A pioneer in creating software Shareware Brazil (1994). Technolog
ist and professor at City University of São Paulo (UNICID). Specializes in web
development. cmajer@uol.com.br My thanks to Cesar Ricardo dos Santos for support
in developing the diagrams and Karen Helena Bueno, our beloved instructor of th
e course CCNA, Cisco and the CIEE - Company Integration Center School. Prof. Car
los Majer Page 9