Gas Engineering

8th Semester
B.Sc. Chemical Engineering

Delivered by:
Usman Ali
usmanali@uet.edu.pk

Department of Chemical Engineering

University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore
 Gas Properties
Mass and Weight
Volume
Density, Specific Weight, And Specific Volume
Specific Gravity
Viscosity
Ideal Gases
 Activity
A natural gas mixture consists of four components C1, C2, C3, and
nC4. Their mole fractions and viscosities at a particular
temperature and pressure are indicated below, along with their
molecular weights.

Calculate the viscosity of the gas mixture.

 Activity
A certain mass of gas occupies a volume of 1000
ft3 at 60 psig. If temperature is constant
(isothermal) and the pressure increases to 120
psig, what is the final volume of the gas? The
atmospheric pressure is 14.7 psi.
 Activity
At 75 psig and 70F, a gas has a volume of 1000
ft3. If the volume is kept constant and the gas
temperature increases to 120F, what is the final
pressure of the gas? For constant pressure at 75
psig, if the temperature increases to 120F, what
is the final volume? Use 14.7 psi for base
pressure.
 Activity
An ideal gas occupies a tank volume of 250 ft3 at
a pressure of 80 psig and temperature of 110F.
(1) What is the gas volume at standard
conditions of 14.73 psia and 60F? Assume
atmospheric pressure is 14.6 psia.
(2) If the gas is cooled to 90F, what is the gas
pressure?
 Gas Properties
Real Gases
Natural Gas Mixtures
Pseudo-Critical Properties from Gas Gravity
Impact of Sour Gas and Non-Hydrocarbon
Components
 Activity
Calculate the apparent molecular weight of a
natural gas mixture that has 85% methane, 9%
ethane, 4% propane, and 2% normal butane as
shown below:
 Activity
Calculate the pseudo-critical temperature and
the pseudo-critical pressure of a natural gas
mixture consisting of 83% methane, 12%
ethane, and 5% propane. The critical properties
of C1, C2, and C3 components are as follows:
 Activity
If the temperature of the gas in the previous
example is 70F and the average gas pressure is
1200 psig, what are the pseudo-reduced
temperature and pseudo-reduced pressure of
this gas? Use 14.7 psia for base pressure.
 Activity
Calculate the gravity of a natural gas mixture
consisting of 83% methane, 12% ethane, and 5%
propane. From the gas gravity, calculate the
pseudo-critical temperature and pseudo-critical
pressure for this natural gas mixture.
 Compressibility Factor
The compressibility factor is defined as the
ratio of the gas volume at a given temperature
and pressure to the volume the gas would
occupy if it were an ideal gas at the same
temperature and pressure.
The compressibility factor is a dimensionless
number close to 1.00 and is a function of the
gas gravity, gas temperature, gas pressure, and
the critical properties of the gas.
 Methods
Standing-Katz method
Dranchuk, Purvis, and Robinson method
AGA method
CNGA method
 Dranchuk, Purvis, and Robinson Method

Benedict-Webb-Rubin equation of state is used to

correlate the Standing-Katz chart;
 American Gas Association (AGA) Method

A complicated mathematical algorithm - not easy for

manual calculations. Mathematically:
Z = Function (gas properties, pressure, temperature)
where gas properties include the critical temperature,
critical pressure, and gas gravity.
The AGA-IGT Report No. 10 describes detail.
This approach is valid for gas temperatures in the
range of 30 to 120F and for pressures not exceeding
1380 psig.
 California Natural Gas Association (CNGA) Method

Simple equation when the gas gravity, temperature, and

pressure are known.

This formula is valid when Pavg, is more than 100 psig. For
pressures less than 100 psig, Z is approximately equal to 1.
In a gas pipeline, the pressure varies along the length of the
pipeline, Z also varies and must therefore be calculated for an
average pressure at any location on the pipeline.
 Activity
A natural gas mixture consists of the following components:

(a) Calculate the apparent molecular weight of the gas, gas

gravity, and the pseudocritical temperature and pseudo-critical
pressure.
(b) Calculate the compressibility factor of the gas at 90F and
1200 psia.
 Activity
The gravity of a natural gas mixture is 0.60.
Calculate the compressibility factor of this gas at
1200 psig pressure and a temperature of 70F,
using the CNGA method.