PCE, MECHANICAL

ENGINEERING, 3rd YEAR [MECHATRONICS LAB MANUAL] 6ME9A

EXPERIMENT NO: 7

Aim: To speed measurement of motor using proximity switch

Apparatus Required: Power supply, DPM, DC Motor, Digital Multimeter.

Theory: Inductive proximity sensors are used for non-contact detection of

metallic objects. Their operating principle is based on a coil and oscillator that
creates an electromagnetic field in the close surroundings of the sensing
surface. The presence of a metallic object in the operating area causes a
dampening of the oscillation amplitude. The rise or fall of such oscillation is
identified by a threshold circuit that changes the output of the sensor. The
operating distance of the sensor depends on the actuator's shape and size and
is strictly linked to the nature of the material.

Inductive proximity sensors operate under the electrical principle of

inductance. Inductance is the phenomenon where a fluctuating current, which
by definition has a magnetic component, induces an electromotive force (emf)
in a target object. To amplify a devices inductance effect, a sensor
manufacturer twists wire into a tight coil and runs a current through it. An
inductive proximity sensor has four components; the coil, oscillator, detection
circuit and output circuit. The oscillator generates a fluctuating magnetic field
the shape of a doughnut around the winding of the coil that locates in the
devices sensing face.

When a metal object moves into the inductive proximity sensors field of
detection, Eddy circuits build up in the metallic object, magnetically push
back, and finally reduce the Inductive sensors own oscillation field. The
sensors detection circuit monitors the oscillators strength and triggers an
output from the output circuitry when the oscillator becomes reduced to a
sufficient level.
Eventually, the oscillation diminishes to the point that another internal circuit
called a Schmitt Trigger detects that the level has fallen below a pre-
determined threshold. This threshold is the level where the presence of a
metal target is definitely confirmed. Upon detection of the target by the
Schmitt Trigger, the sensors output is switched on.
 PCE, MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING, 3rd YEAR [MECHATRONICS LAB MANUAL] 6ME9A

The rotational speed is determined by the formula:

60 f s
N
n
where,
N: Rotational speed (rpm)
n: Number of actuations per rotation
fs: Pulse frequency of the output signal (pulse/s)

Circuit Diagram :

PROCEDURE:
1. Keep the main switch in OFF position
and motor also at OFF position.
2. Keep the speed control POT. At
minimum position.
3. Connect the motor terminal with the
help of 2 wire cable to the front panel
of the unit.
4. Now turn ON the power supply and
SW1 of the unit. Starting from 0, vary
the speed of the motor and measure it
by tachometer in the lab.
5. Rotate the speed control knob to reach the max speed in between note
down the readings.

Observation table:

S.No Digital Indicator (Inductive Proximity Tachometer (rpm) or calculated

Switch) (rpm) speed (rpm)
1.
2.
3

Precautions:
1. Measure RPM by tachometer carefully.
 PCE, MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING, 3rd YEAR [MECHATRONICS LAB MANUAL] 6ME9A

2. Please ensure that cables do not fall on rotating part.

3. Do not tamper the proximity switch.
4. Always start motor from zero speed and increase the speed slowly.

Result: The speed of DC motor is calculated at different inputs and

successfully performed.