Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
en Medio Ambiente
E.
Brzana
O.
Hernndez
Curso
de
Biotecnologa
FQ-UNAM
Abril-2014
www.cen-online.org (Mayo 28, 2012)
Energa y Sustentabilidad
Growing World Energy Demand
60,000 65 Billion
Million Metric Tons
50,000
Tons by 2050
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
1980 1990 2003 2010 2020 2025 2050
Boston Analytics Research
1. Energy Information Administration (http://www.eia.doe.gov) Year
Copyright 2006 Partha S. Ghosh & Boston Analytics. All rights reserved.
- ES NECESARIO:
Fig. 1. Bioenergy crops. (A) M. gigantaeus in Illinois. (B) 5-year-old A. tequiliana in Mexico. Picture is courtesy of Dr. Alejandro
Velzquez Loera, Universidad Autnoma Chapingo, D. F. Mexico. (C) One-year-old stand of Napier grass (Pennisetum
purpureum) in Florida. (D) Two-year-old willow coppice from 8-year-old roots in England (in third regeneration cycle).
11
Distribucin de Agaves en Mxico
Qumica Verde y la Biorefinera/
Biopetroqumica
Combusti
CO2 Fotosntesis bles
+ Biomasa
Polmeros
H2
Productos
O finos y
bulk
Ms productos verdes!!!
14
Polmeros Biodegradables
O H2O O
R1 C X R2 R1 C OH
+ HX R2
Where X= O, N, S
O O
O
R1 C NH R2 R1 C S R2
R1 C O R2
Acido Glucrico
Farneseno
BioplsJcos
Solventes
Pigmentos
Propilenglicol
Butanodiol FarmacuJcos
Isosorbida
CosmJcos
Aceite de algas
Farneseno
Sntesis
steres alifticos empleados tambin en dispositivos
mdicos, y acarreadores de frmacos (drug delivery)
O
O OH O
Ti(OBu)4 * O
+
1500C-1800C
O m n* + H2O
HO HO OH
O
Lactic acid Glycolic acid PLGA: poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid)
Synthesis of PLGA
2. Ring opening polymerization: chain growth
O CH3 O
H3C O O O O a
PS lipase / b SnOct2 C O CH C O CH2
a
100 0C, 7 d / b 180 0C, 6 h O CH C O CH2 C
O O CH3 O O
CH3 O O
n m
a) Enzyme catalyst
b) Metal catalyst
Otras reas de gran futuro.
Octubre 2012
Bio-minera
Acidothiobacillus
Leptospirillum
ferroxidans
Extraccin de minerales
(bioleaching)
Bacterial versus chemical leaching of uranium ore
30 100
U extraction 90
25
80
Gangue and mineral acid, kg/t
70
% Uranium extraction
20
60
Acid consumption
15 50
40
10
30
20
5
10
0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Duration (d)
8 AGUA CONTAMINADA
Thermophilic fungi
Mesophilic fungi
Temperature
Thermus spp.
Rhizomucor pusillus
Cooling, Curing, Mesophilic stage
Temperature decreasing to 20 - 40 C,
as high energy compounds exhausted
Breakdown of:cellulose
hemicellulose
lignin
tannins, terpenes, phenols
humic acids