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GROUP MEMBER
YUWARAJA A/L SAMY 08DKM15F2004
INTAN AYU WIRDANI BINTI MOHD AZAM 08dkm15f2018
FATIN NUR AQILAH BINTI MASHAR 08dkm15f2007
Satish a/l sekhar 08dkm15f2040
Jeevanraj a/l parameswaran o8dkm15f2039
CLO:
At the end of this experiment, the student should be able to determine material
hardness.
Experiment Outcomes:
The outcomes of this lab are to introduce the student to the topic of the indentation
hardness of metals using the common hardness test and scales. These sets of test on
metals of widely different hardness show:
Objectives:
Safety precaution:
a) Make sure the student follows the laboratory or workshop safety regulators.
b) Experiment must be conducted by lecturers or experienced lab assistance.
c) Always know the hazards associated with the materials that are being utilized in the
lab.
d) Always wear appropriate clothing.
e) Never perform an authorized work , preparations or experiments.
f) Be familiar with the location of the emergency equipment
Apparatus:
1. Vickers hardness testing equipment, similar to the model shown.
2. Material Samples, Copper and Steel.
vickers
Theory:
Vickers hardness test conducted by the test surface with diamond-based pyramid eye
square. Vickers hardness can be defined as the value calculated according to the
formula below:
Hv= Load
Surface area, mm2
= P
D2 / (2sin/2)
= 2P sin 680
D2
= 1.8544P
D2
Vickers hardness test is a test that can give OVERVIEW hardness suitable for soft
material so that the material is harder, ie it is suitable for testing the hardness of the
material has a large range, especially steel very hard. Load consumption by
ordinary materials is as table 1
Procedure:
The hardness tests are carried out under the supervision of the lab instructor.
General procedure:
1. The specimen was placed on the vice.
2. The indenter was lowered until it just touches the specimen surface.
3. The appropriate load (F = 10kgf) was set for the indenter for 10 seconds.
4. The indenter was allowed to penetrate the specimen surface.
5. Load was removed and indenter was raised from specimen surface.
6. The appropriate parameter (diameter) of the indentation was measured.
7. The hardness value was computed.
8. The above steps were repeated for 2 times at different locations on the specimen and the average
value was computed.
Result:
Material Load Microscope Reading HV
D1 D2 D=(D1+D2)/ Machine Calculatio
2 n
Copper 20KG 249.8 250.6 250.2 592 5.92 X 10-4
Copper 20KG 248.0 249.4 248.4 599 6.01 X 10-4
Copper 20KG 239.1 240.3 239.7 645 6.46 X 10-4
Average
Discussion
The Vickers method can be used with any and all materials and test specimens, from soft to
hard, as the procedure covers the entire hardness range.
There is only one type of indenter, which can be used for all Vickers methods.
Non-destructive testing is possible, so the test specimen can be used for other purposes.