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Readings:

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? Hepatitis?

? Hepatitis,
Jaundiced not Jaundiced
but +BloodTest
?
BloodTest

4 " . M G*
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H Hepatitis
J Jaundice
B (positive) Blood test

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B (positive) Blood test

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#( and B)
P( , ) N #( and )
P( | ) = =
P( ) #( ) #( )
N

#( jaundice and hepatitis)


P( jaundice | hepatitis) =
#(hepatitis) $
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B (positive) Blood test
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P(W|SN) P(SN| W) P(W)
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? Hepatitis?

? Hepatitis,
Jaundiced not Jaundiced
but +BloodTest
?
BloodTest

4 " . M G*
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B (positive) Blood test
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P(H=1) P(H=0)
H
0.05 0.95
h P(B=1 | H=h) P(B=0 | H=h)

1 0.95 0.05 B
0 0.03 0.97
h b P(J=1|h,b) P(J=0|h,b)
J
1 1 0.8 0.2

Node ~ Variable 1 0 0.8 0.2


0 1 0.3 0.7
Link ~ Causal dependency 0 0 0.3 0.7
CPTable ~ P(child | parents)
22
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H %8%
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B "-; M 6 #
% %8%2
%8=
% %8=
J
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% % %82

P(J | H, B=0) = P(J | H, B=1) J, H !


P( J | H, B) = P(J | H)
J is INDEPENDENT of B, once we know H
Dont need B J arc!
2A
> 1 T!
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H %8%
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B "-; M #
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P(J | H, B=0) = P(J | H, B=1) J, H !


P( J | H, B) = P(J | H)
J is INDEPENDENT of B, once we know H
Dont need B J arc!
2
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H %8%
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B "-; M #
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J

Requires: P(H=1) known


P(J=1 | H=1) known
P(B=1 | H=1) known
(Only 5 parameters, not 7)

P(J=0 | H=1)
1
Hence: P(H=1 | B=1, J=0 ) = P(H=1) P(B=1 | H=1) P(J=0 |B=1,H=1)

2
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B

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P(J=0 | B=1, H=1) = P(J=0 | H=1)

N.b., B and J ARE correlated a priori P(J | B ) P(J)


GIVEN H, they become uncorrelated P(J | B, H) = P(J | H)
2N
( ,
61 ,
H Hepatitis P( B | J ) P(B) but
J Jaundice P( B | J,H ) = P(B|H)
B (positive) Blood test

ReadingAbility and ShoeSize are dependent,


P( ReadAbility | ShoeSize ) P( ReadAbility )
but become independent, given Age
P( ReadAbility | ShoeSize, Age ) = P( ReadAbility | Age )

Age

ShoeSize Reading
A%
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3 / T 3
> X O X > -

If Alcohol, then expect Jaundice: Alcohol Hepatitis Jaundice

But only via Hepatitis: Alcohol and not Hepatitis Jaundice


P( J | A ) P( J ) but A
P( J | A, H ) = P( J | H)
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